Bekuhlale kushiwo ukuthi iphansi lolwandle liyimfihlakalo kubantu ngokunikwa ukujula nobunzima obukhulu bokulifunda. I- imisele yolwandle Zingamahosha olwandle. Ukwakheka kwawo kuwumphumela womsebenzi wamapuleti e-tectonic, okuthi lapho elinye lawo lihlangana liphushwe ngaphansi kwelinye. Lokhu kudala lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi ukucindezeleka okude, okuwumngcingo okumise okwe-V okufinyelela phansi ekujuleni kolwandle. Eminye yemisele emikhulukazi yolwandle ifinyelela ekujuleni okungamakhilomitha ayi-10 ngaphansi kwezinga lolwandle.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngemisele yolwandle nezimpawu zazo eziyinhloko.
Izici eziyinhloko
Umsele wasolwandle ojulile yi UMariana Trench eseduze naseziQhingini ZaseMarine ezinobude obungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-2,542. Ubuningi balawa mathuna atholakala oLwandlekazi iPacific ikakhulukazi endaweni ebizwa ngeRing of Fire. Kulo mgodi kukhona i-Challenger Abyss enayo ukujula kwamamitha ayi-10.911 engxenyeni ejulile. Kubhekwa njengokujula okuphezulu okufinyelela olwandle. Kusho ukuthi uma siqhathanisa iMariana Trench neMount Everest, ingamamitha ayi-2.000 XNUMX ukujula.
Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko yonke imisele yolwandle enayo, sithola ingcindezi ephezulu nokuntuleka kwelanga. Cishe kuyo yonke imisele kunenani elikhulu lengcindezi elethwa ngamanzi ngokujula. Kumele futhi kubhekwe ukuthi ukukhanya kwelanga akufinyeleli lapha ngakho-ke, amazinga okushisa nawo ehla kakhulu. Lezi yizici ezenza imigodi ibe enye yezindawo zokuhlala eziyingqayizivele emhlabeni.
Ukwakhiwa kwemisele yolwandle
Amapuleti eTectonic ayimbangela yokwakhiwa kwemisele yolwandle. Akhiwa ikakhulukazi ngokuncipha. Subduction inqubo ye-geophysical lapho amapuleti amabili noma ngaphezulu we-tectonic ahlangana komunye nomunye. Imvamisa, ipuleti elidala neliminyene kakhulu le-tectonic yilona elidudulwa ngaphansi kwepuleti elilula kakhulu. Lokhu kunyakaza kwepuleti kudala ukuthi ulwandle lwangaphakathi koqweqwe lwangaphandle luguqele emthambekeni. Ngokuvamile lokhu kucindezeleka okwakheka kufane ne-V. Le yindlela okwakhiwa ngayo imisele yolwandle.
Sizojula ngokwazi ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezingaphansi.
Indawo yokudonswa
Lapho isenqenqemeni lwengqamuzana eliminyene le-tectonic elinenye onqenqemeni oluncane kakhulu, ipuleti elinobuningi obuphezulu ligobela phansi. Indawo lapho ipuleti elincane elincishisiwe yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi indawo engaphansi. Le nqubo yenza izinto eziyi-geological and dynamic elements. Eminingi yale misele yasolwandle ibangela ukuzamazama komhlaba okuningi olwandle. Futhi lapho ipuleti elilodwa lehla phezu kwelinye, likhiqiza amandla okungqubuzana aqinile. Ngokuvamile kuba yisizinda sokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu nokunye kokuzamazama komhlaba okujule kakhulu emlandweni.
Lezi zinto zingabuye zakhiwe ngendawo yokuqothula ehlanganisa uqweqwe lwamazwekazi kanye noqweqwe lwasolwandle. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uqweqwe lwamazwekazi luhlala luntanta ngaphezu kolwandle, ngakho-ke olokugcina luzohlala luthambisa. Izinto ezaziwa kakhulu zasolwandle zingumphumela walomngcele ophakathi kwamapuleti aguqukayo. Kuyaqabukela ukuthi umsele wolwandle wakheke lapho amapuleti amabili ezwekazi ehlangana.
Ukubaluleka kwemisele yolwandle
Abantu bebelokhu bekholelwa ukuthi imisele yasolwandle ibaluleke kakhulu. Ulwazi mayelana nengaphakathi layo luncane kakhulu futhi akukho ukuphila ekujuleni okukhulu. Futhi endaweni ekude yokuba khona kwayo. Nokho, ososayensi bayayazi indima ebalulekile abayidlalayo ekuphileni kwethu. Umsebenzi omningi womzimba wenzeka ezindaweni zokunciphisa. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu emiphakathini yasogwini kanye nasemnothweni womhlaba. Bheka nje ukuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeka phansi olwandle endaweni yokunciphisa. babephethe i-tsunami eJapan ngo-2011.
Ososayensi bafunda izici nempilo ekhona emiseleni yolwandle ukuze baqonde kangcono iplanethi yethu. Futhi kunezindlela eziningi izinto eziphilayo ezizivumelanisa ngazo ekujuleni kolwandle. Okuningi kokujwayela kungase kukhishwe ukuze kulethe intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nebhayoloji ukuze kuthuthukiswe kwezokwelapha. Ngenxa yocwaningo lwesayensi oluningi, singakwazi ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi izinto eziphilayo zijwayelana kanjani nemvelo enzima. Ukwazi lolu hlobo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo kungasiza ukuqonda ezinye izindawo zocwaningo ezivela ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kuze kube ngcono ukugeza.
Olunye uphenyo olwenziwe mayelana nemisele yolwandle ukutholakala kwamagciwane. Le microbe inendawo yayo emiphethweni ye-hydrothermal olwandle olujulile. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwalezi zinambuzane, sekutholakele ukuthi zinamandla ezinhlobonhlobo zama-antibiotic nemithi yokuvikela umdlavuza. Konke lokhu okutholakele nokuphenya yikhona okwenza imisele yolwandle ibaluleke kakhulu.
Kungasithatha futhi ukuthi sazi isihluthulelo sokuqonda imvelaphi yokuphila olwandle. Izakhi zofuzo zezinto eziphilayo zisisiza ukuba siqonde umlando wokuthi ukuphila kwasakazeka kanjani kusuka kuma-ecosystem njengoba kuhlukanisiwe njengale misele ukuya emhlabeni ngolwandle. Okunye okutholwe kamuva nje kubonisa ukuthi kuye kwatholakala inqwaba yamalahle eqoqwe emigodini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke lezi zifunda zingadlala indima ebalulekile esimweni sezulu seplanethi enguMhlaba.
Izimbali nezilwane
Njengoba lezi zindawo kuyizindawo zokuhlala ezinobutha kakhulu emhlabeni, impilo ayivamile. Kukhona ingcindezi ephakeme izikhathi eziyi-1000 kunaleyo engaphezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kancane kwezingaqhwa. Ilanga alingeni emiseleni yolwandle, okwenza i-photosynthesis ingenzeki. Izilwane ezihlala lapha ziye zashintsha ngendlela engavamile ukuze ziphile kule mihosha ebandayo, emnyama.
Ngaphandle kwe-photosynthesis, yonke le miphakathi ineqhwa lasolwandle njengokudla kwayo okuyinhloko. Kungukuwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezivela ezindaweni eziphakeme kukholamu lamanzi. Ngokuyinhloko iqukethe imfucuza enjengendle nezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo ezifile ezinjengezinhlanzi nokhula lwasolwandle. Omunye umthombo wezakhamzimba awuveli i-photosynthesis kodwa i-chemosynthesis. Kuyinqubo lapho izinto eziphilayo ezinjengamabhaktheriya ziguqula izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali zibe izakhi eziphilayo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngemisele yolwandle nokubaluleka kwayo.