Imvula

Amafu akhiwa inani elikhulu lamaconsi amanzi amancane namakristalu amancane eqhwa aqhamuka ekushintsheni kwesimo kusuka emhwamukeni wamanzi kuya kuketshezi futhi aqinile endaweni yomoya. Isisindo somoya siyakhuphuka sipholile size sigcwale sibe ngamaconsi amanzi. Lapho ifu ligcwele amaconsi amanzi futhi nezimo zemvelo zithanda lokho, ancipha ngesimo seqhwa, iqhwa noma isichotho.

Ngabe ufuna ukwazi konke ngemvula?

Imvula yakhiwa kanjani?

Lapho umoya ongaphezulu ushisa, ukhuphukela phezulu. I-troposphere izinga lokushisa lalo liyancipha ngokuphakama, okusho ukuthi, lapho siya phezulu kubanda kakhulu, ngakho-ke lapho ubukhulu bomoya bukhuphuka, bungena emoyeni obandayo bese busutha. Phezu kokugcwala, ihlangana ibe ngamaconsi amancane amanzi noma amakristalu eqhwa (kuya ngethempelesha lomoya ozungezile) futhi izungeze izinhlayiya ezincane ezinobubanzi obungaphansi kwamamitha amabili i-hygroscopic condensation nuclei.

Lapho amaconsi amanzi ebambelela kwi-condensation nuclei kanye nenqwaba yomoya ebusweni engayeki ukukhuphuka, kwakheka ifu lokuthuthuka mpo, ngoba inani lomoya eligcwala ligcwaliswe lifana nokuthi kugcina kukhula ukuphakama. Lolu hlobo lwamafu akhiwa ngu Ukungazinzi komkhathi ibizwa ngokuthi UCumulus uyazithoba ukuthi, njengoba zikhula zibheka phezulu futhi zifinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu (obanele ukuvumela noma imiphi imisebe yelanga ukuthi idlule), ibizwa I-Cumulonimbus.

Ngomphunga osesikhaleni somoya ofinyelela ukugcwala ukuze uhlangane ube ngamaconsi, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela emibili: eyokuqala ukuthi ubukhulu bomoya selipholile ngokwaneleOkwesibili ukuthi kune-hygroscopic condensation nuclei emoyeni lapho kungenza khona amaconsi amanzi.

Lapho amafu esekwenzile, yini eyenza abangele imvula, isichotho noma iqhwa, okungukuthi, uhlobo oluthile lwemvula? Amaconsi amancane akha ifu futhi amiswe ngaphakathi kulo ngenxa yokuba khona kokuvuselelwa, azoqala ukukhula ngokudonsela amanye amaconsi awathola ekwindla kwawo. Amabutho amabili enza ngokuyisisekelo kudonsa ngamunye: ngenxa yokudonsa ukuthi umoya ophakeme usebenza kuwo, futhi isisindo samaconsi uqobo.

Lapho amaconsi emakhulu ngokwanele ukunqoba amandla okuhudula, azogijimela phansi. Uma amaconsi amanzi echitha isikhathi eside efwini, aba maningi, njengoba engeza kwamanye amaconsi nakwezinye izakhi ze-condensation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi kuncike esikhathini lapho amaconsi achitha ekhuphuka futhi ehla efwini kanye nenani eliphelele lamanzi ifu elinalo.

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Izinhlobo zemvula

Izinhlobo zemvula zinikezwa njengomsebenzi wesimo nosayizi wamaconsi amanzi ancipha lapho kunikezwa izimo ezifanele. Kungenzeka, imvula, imvula, isichotho, iqhwa, imvula, izimvula, njll

I-Drizzle

I-Drizzle yimvula encane amaconsi ayo amanzi mancane kakhulu futhi bawe ngendlela efanayo. Ngokuvamile, la maconsi awamanzisi kakhulu umhlabathi futhi ancike kwezinye izici ezifana nesivinini somoya kanye nomswakama olinganiselwe. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana izinhlobo zemvula, lesi sixhumanisi singase sibe usizo kuwe.

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Amashawa

Imvula ngamaconsi amakhulu avame ukuwa ngendlela enobudlova nangesikhathi esifushane. Imvula ivame ukwenzeka ezindaweni lapho kuncipha khona ingcindezi yasemkhathini nalapho kudaleka khona ingcindezi ephansi ebizwa ngokuthi isiphepho. Imvula ihlobene nalawo mafu ohlobo I-Cumulonimbus lokho kwakha ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho amaconsi amanzi aba makhulu, okuvame ukubangela Izimvula ezinkulu.

Isichotho namakhekheba eqhwa

Ukuzikisa nakho kungaba ngendlela eqinile. Ngalokhu, emafwini amakristalu eqhwa kumele akhe phezulu efwini vele amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu azungeze -40 ° C. Lawa makristalu angakhula ngenxa yamaconsi amanzi emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu awafriza (kube ukuqala kokwakhiwa kwesichotho) noma ngokujoyina amanye amakristalu akhe amakhekheba eqhwa. Lapho zifinyelela usayizi ofanele futhi ngenxa yesenzo samandla adonsela phansi, zingashiya ifu linikeze imvula eqinile ebusweni, uma izimo zemvelo zifanelekile.

Ngezinye izikhathi amakhekheba eqhwa noma isichotho esiphuma emafwini, uma ehlangana nongqimba lomoya ofudumele njengoba ewa, ayancibilika ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele phansi, ekugcineni abangele imvula ewuketshezi. Uma unentshisekelo esihlokweni seqhwa, lapha ungathola okwengeziwe ngakho. imvula ye-orographic.

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Izinhlobo zemvula nezinhlobo zamafu

Uhlobo lwemvula luncike ngokuyisisekelo ezimweni zemvelo lapho ifu lakha khona nohlobo lwamafu olwakhekayo. Kulokhu, imvula evame kakhulu yizinhlobo ezingaphambili, ze-orographic nezokuhambisa noma ezinesiphepho.

Imvula engaphambili Yiyo lapho amafu ahlotshaniswa nezingqimba, zombili ezishisayo nezibandayo. Ukweqa phakathi kobuso obufudumele nobubandayo kwakha amafu anikeza imvula yohlobo lwangaphambili. Ingaphambili elibandayo liyakheka lapho inqwaba yomoya obandayo idudula futhi isusa indawo efudumele iye phezulu. Ekukhuphukeni kwawo, kuyaphola futhi kuphakamise ukwakheka kwamafu. Endabeni yengaphambili elifudumele, umoya oshisayo uhamba phezu kwalowo opholile kunalo.

Lapho ukwakheka kwengaphambili elibandayo kwenzeka, imvamisa uhlobo lwefu olwakhekayo yi- Cumulonimbus noma i-Altocumulus. Lawa mafu ajwayele ukuba nokukhula okuthe mpo okukhulu, ngakho-ke, abangela imvula enamandla kakhulu futhi emikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu beconsi bukhulu kakhulu kunalawo akha ngaphambili okufudumele. Uma ufuna ukuphenya kabanzi mayelana nokwakheka kweziphepho, ungakwenza lokho lapha.

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Amafu akha ngaphambili okufudumele anomumo ohlukaniswe ngokwengeziwe futhi imvamisa I-Nimboestratus, IStratus, I-Stratocumulus. Imvamisa, imvula eyenzeka kulezi zingxenye zinguhlobo oluthambile, oluconsayo.

Endabeni yemvula enesiphepho, ebizwa nangokuthi 'izinhlelo zokudlulisa', amafu anokuthuthuka okuningi okuqondile (I-Cumulonimbus) ngakho-ke bazokhiqiza izimvula ezinamandla nezesikhashana, evame ukuba nezikhukhula. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalesi simo, ungathintana izimvula ezihamba phambili.

Imvula ilinganiswa kanjani

Ukukala inani lemvula noma iqhwa eliwele endaweni ethile nangesikhathi esinikeziwe, kunegeji yemvula. Luhlobo lwengilazi emise okwefaneli ehambisa amanzi aqoqiwe esitsheni esiqedile lapho inani lemvula ewayo liqoqeka khona.

Ngokuya ngokuthi igeji yemvula ikuphi, kungahle kube nezici zangaphandle eziguqula isilinganiso esifanele semvula. Lawa maphutha angaba alandelayo:

Ukuntuleka kwedatha: Uchungechunge lungagcwaliswa ngokuhlangana nezinye iziteshi eziseduze ezinesimo esifanayo sendawo futhi ezisezindaweni ezilinganayo zesimo sezulu.
Amaphutha ngengozi: iphutha elingahleliwe, idatha ethile ikhombisa iphutha kepha ayiziphindi (amanye amanzi awile ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, amaphutha wokuphrinta, njll.). Kunzima ukuwabona yize iphutha elingalodwa lingathinti isifundo esijwayelekile ngamanani esikhathi eside.
Amaphutha ahlelekile: zithinta yonke idatha yesiteshi ngesikhathi esithile futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngasohlangothini olufanayo (ngokwesibonelo, indawo yesiteshi esibi, ukusetshenziswa kwamaphenyo angafanelekile, ukushintshwa kwendawo yesiteshi, ukushintshwa kombukeli, isimo esibi se amathuluzi).

Ukugwema ukuchaphazeleka kwamaconsi emvula lapho ushaya umphetho ongaphandle wegeji yemvula, yakhiwe ngemiphetho ebunjiwe. Zibuye zipendwe mhlophe ukunciphisa ukumuncwa kwemisebe yelanga nokugwema ngangokunokwenzeka ukuhwamuka. Ukwenza umsele amanzi angena ngawo esitsheni ube mncane futhi ujule kunciphisa inani lamanzi elihwamukayo, okwenza isilinganiso semvula sisondele kuye uqobo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ezindaweni ezisezintabeni, lapho kujwayelekile khona ukuthi imvula ibe sesimweni esiqinile (iqhwa) noma amazinga okushisa ehlele ngaphansi kwephoyinti lamanzi, uhlobo oluthile lomkhiqizo (imvamisa i-anhydrous calcium chloride) ivame ukufakwa kudiphozi Umsebenzi wawo ukunciphisa inani lokushisa lapho amanzi angaqina khona.

Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi isikhundla segeji yemvula singathinta ukulinganiswa kwaso. Isibonelo, uma siyibeka eduze kwezakhiwo noma eduze kwezihlahla.

Umthamo wemvula eqoqiwe ulinganiswa ngo- amalitha ngemitha skwele ngalinye (l / m2) noma yini efanayo, ngamamilimitha (mm). Lesi silinganiso simelela ukuphakama, ngamamilimitha, okungafinyelelwa ungqimba lwamanzi uma lumboza indawo evundlile yemitha-skwele eyodwa.

Ngalolu lwazi uzokwazi ukwazi kabanzi ngezimvula, izinhlobo zemvula futhi uqonde kangcono umuntu wesimo sezulu.