Iyini ingcindezi yasemkhathini futhi isebenza kanjani?

Esimweni sezulu, ingcindezi yasemkhathini Kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ukunakwa lapho ubikezela futhi ufunda ukuziphatha kwesimo sezulu. Amafu, izivunguvungu, izivunguvungu, imimoya, njll. Ikakhulukazi ilawulwa izinguquko zomfutho womoya, nazo ezihlotshaniswa nezigigaba ezifana nalezi. Izivunguvungu. Ukwengeza, ukuqonda ukuthi umfutho womkhathi usebenza kanjani kusisiza ukuthi siqonde kangcono indawo esihlala kuyo nesimo sezulu.

Kodwa-ke, ingcindezi yasemkhathini akuyona into ephathekayo, into engabonakala ngeso lenyama, ngakho-ke kunabantu abaningi abawuqondayo umqondo, kepha abazi ngempela ukuthi uyini.

Yini ingcindezi yasemkhathini?

Noma ngabe kubonakala ngathi cha umoya uyasinda. Asinakile isisindo somoya njengoba sicwiliswe kuwo. Umoya unikeza ukumelana lapho sihamba, sigijima, noma sigibela imoto ngoba, njengamanzi, uyindlela esihamba ngayo. Ukuminyana kwamanzi kukhulu kakhulu kunomoya, yingakho kuba nzima ngathi ukuhamba emanzini. Le dynamics yomoya nayo ihlobene ne i-gradient yengcindezi.

Ngandlela thile, umoya unamandla kithi nakukho konke. Ngakho-ke, Singachaza ingcindezi yasemkhathini njengamandla akhiqizwa umoya osemkhathini ebusweni bomhlaba. Ukuphakama kobuso boMhlaba uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lolwandle, umfutho womoya uyancipha, okungase futhi kuthinte izenzakalo ezifana izivunguvungu.

Ingcindezi yasemkhathini ilinganiswa kumaphi amayunithi?

Kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi uma ingcindezi yasemkhathini ingenxa yesisindo somoya ngaphezu kwephuzu elithile ebusweni bomhlaba, kufanele sicabange ukuthi iphuzu liphakeme, ingcindezi izoba phansi, ngoba inani lomoya iyunithi ngayinye nalo lincane. ngenhla. Ingcindezi yasemkhathini ilinganiswa njengejubane, isisindo, njll. Kukalwa ngo- ama-atmospheres, ama-millibars, noma i-mm Hg (millimeters of mercury). Imvamisa ingcindezi yasemkhathini ekhona olwandle ithathwa njengereferensi. Lapho kuthatha inani lomkhathi o-1, ama-millibars ayi-1013 noma u-760 mm Hg kanti ilitha lomoya linesisindo esingu-1,293 amagremu. Iyunithi esetshenziswa kakhulu yizazi zezulu yilelo lama-millibars.

Kalwa kanjani ingcindezi yasemkhathini?

Ukuze ulinganise ukucindezela koketshezi, izikali zokucindezela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa i-tube manometer evulekile. Ngokuyinhloko ithubhu elimise okwe-U eliqukethe uketshezi. Umkhawulo owodwa webhubhu usecindezelweni lokukalwa kanti elinye lixhumana nomoya.

para Linganisa umoya noma ingcindezi yasemkhathini usebenzisa ama-barometers. Kukhona ama-barometers ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Okwaziwa kakhulu yi- i-barometer ye-mercury eyasungulwa nguTorricelli. I-tube efana ne-U enegatsha elivaliwe lapho i-vacuum idalwe khona, ukuze ukucindezela endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yaleli gatsha kube ngu-zero. Lokhu kusivumela ukuba silinganise amandla asetshenziswa umoya kukholomu yoketshezi futhi silinganise umfutho womkhathi, okubalulekile ekubikezeleni isimo sezulu.

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ingcindezi yasemkhathini ingenxa yesisindo somoya phezu kwephuzu elithile lobuso bomhlaba, ngakho-ke, leli phuzu liphakeme, ingcindezi iphansi, ngoba kuncane inani lomoya okhona. Singasho ukuthi umfutho womoya uncipha phezulu. Isibonelo, entabeni intengo yomoya engxenyeni ephezulu incane kunaleyo ebhishi, ngenxa yokwehluka kobude.

Esinye isibonelo esithe xaxa yilokhu okulandelayo:

Izinga lolwandle lithathwa njengereferensi, lapho ingcindezi yasemkhathini inamanani ayi-760 mm Hg. Ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi umfutho womkhathi uyehla ngokuphakama, siya entabeni leyo isiqongo sayo esiphakeme kunazo zonke esingamamitha angu-1.500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Sithathe isilinganiso futhi kwavela ukuthi kulokho kuphakama, ukucindezela komkhathi kwakungu-635 mm Hg. Ngalokhu kuhlola okuncane, siqinisekisa ukuthi inani lomoya esiqongweni sentaba lincane kunezinga lolwandle, ngakho-ke, amandla akhishwa umoya ebusweni kanye nathi mancane.

Ingcindezi yasemkhathini nokuphakama

Iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele ligcinwe engqondweni ukuthi ingcindezi yasemkhathini ayinciphisi ngokulingana ngobude ngoba umoya uwuketshezi olungacindezelwa kakhulu. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi umoya osondelene nengaphezulu yomhlaba ucindezelwe isisindo somoya uqobo. Okungukuthi, izingqimba zokuqala zomoya eziseduze nomhlabathi ziqukethe umoya owengeziwe ucindezelwe umoya ophezulu (umoya ebusweni mkhulu, ngoba kunomoya omningi ngeyunithi yevolumu ngayinye), ngakho-ke ingcindezi iphezulu ebusweni futhi ayinciphi ngokulingana kusukela inani le Umoya awunciphi ngokuqinile ekuphakameni.

Ngale ndlela singasho ukuthi ukusondelana nolwandle, okwenza ukukhuphuka okuncane ukuphakama kubangele ukwehla okukhulu kwengcindezi, ngenkathi sikhuphuka, sidinga ukuya phezulu kakhulu ukuzwa ukwehla kwengcindezi yasemkhathini ngezinga elifanayo.

Iyini ingcindezi olwandle?

Ingcindezi yasemkhathini olwandle 760mmHg, elingana namamiligibhu ayi-1013. Ukuphakama kokuphakama, ingcindezi yehla; empeleni yehliswa ngo-1mb kuyo yonke imitha esikhuphuka ngayo.

Ingcindezi yasemkhathini iwuthinta kanjani umzimba wethu?

Izinguquko kumfutho womkhathi ngokuvamile zenzeka lapho kuneziphepho, ukungazinzi komkhathi, noma imimoya enamandla. Ukukhuphukela phezulu kuyawuthinta nomzimba. Abaqwala izintaba yibona abahlushwa kakhulu yilezi zimpawu ngenxa yokushintsha komfutho wegazi ngesikhathi beqwala izintaba. Lezi zinguquko zibalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma zihlobene . Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukugula kwe-altitude kuthonywa ukuncishiswa komoyampilo ezindaweni eziphakeme, nakho okuhlobene amazinga e-oxygen atholakalayo.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi ikhanda, izimpawu zesisu, ubuthakathaka noma ukukhathala, ukungahlali noma isiyezi, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, phakathi kwabanye. Isilinganiso esisebenza kahle kunazo zonke ngokumelene nokuvela kwezimpawu zokugula ezintabeni ukwehla kuya ezindaweni eziphansi, noma ngabe kungamamitha nje ambalwa.

Ingcindezi kanye nokungazinzi komkhathi noma ukuzinza

Ukuzinza noma i-Anticyclone

Lapho umoya ubanda futhi wehla, umfutho womoya uyanda ngoba kunomoya omningi ngaphezulu ngakho-ke, unamandla amakhulu. Lokhu kubangela ukuzinza komkhathi noma okubizwa nangokuthi i-anticyclone. Isimo se anticyclone Kubonakala ngokuba yindawo enokuthula, ngaphandle kwemimoya ngoba umoya obanda kakhulu futhi osinda kakhulu wehla kancane ujikeleze ngendlela eyisiyingi. Umoya ujika cishe ngokungacaci iwashi enyakatho Nenkabazwe nangakwesobunxele ohlangothini lwaseningizimu.

I-anticyclone emephini yengcindezi yasemkhathini

Isiphepho noma i-squall

Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho umoya oshisayo ukhuphuka, wehlisa ingcindezi yasemkhathini futhi ubangele ukungazinzi. Ibizwa isiphepho noma isiphepho. Umoya uhlale uhamba uye ohlangothini ngokuncamelayo ukuya kulezo zindawo ezinomfutho womoya ophansi. Okusho ukuthi, noma nini lapho indawo inesiphepho, umoya uzoba namandla, ngoba njengoba kuyindawo yokucindezela okuphansi, umoya uzovunguza kuleyo ndawo. Lesi simo singafundwa ngokuqhubekayo ngokuhlaziywa kwe amamephu we-synoptic.

I-squall emephini yengcindezi yasemkhathini

Okunye okumele ukukhumbule ukuthi umoya obandayo nomoya oshisayo awuxubeki ngokushesha ngenxa yobuningi bawo. Lapho lezi zingaphezulu, umoya obandayo uphushela umoya oshisayo phezulu obangela ukwehla kwezingcindezi nokungazinzi. Kwabe sekwakhiwa isiphepho lapho kubizwa khona indawo yokuxhumana phakathi komoya oshisayo nobandayo ngaphambili. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze uqonde ukuthi izimo zezulu zakha kanjani.

Amamephu wesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu

I-Los amamephu wesimo sezulu Alungiswa ngababikezeli bezulu. Ukuze benze lokhu, basebenzisa ukwaziswa okuqoqwe eziteshini zesimo sezulu, izindiza, amabhaluni esimo sezulu, namasathelayithi okwenziwa. Amamephu akhiqizwayo amele izimo zomoya emazweni ahlukene nasezindaweni ezifundwayo. Amanani ezinto ezithile zezulu ezifana nokucindezela, umoya, imvula, njll. ayaboniswa.

Amamephu wesimo sezulu asithakazelisayo ngalesi sikhathi yilawo asikhombisa ingcindezi yasemkhathini. Kumephu yengcindezi imigqa yengcindezi elinganayo yomkhathi ibizwa ngokuthi ama-isobars. Okusho ukuthi, njengoba ukucindezela komkhathi kushintsha, kuzoba nemigqa ye-isobar eyengeziwe kumephu. Ama-fronts nawo abonakala kumabalazwe okucindezela. Ngenxa yalezi zinhlobo zamamephu, kungenzeka ukucacisa isimo sezulu nokuthi sizoshintsha kanjani emahoreni azayo ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuthembeka, kuze kube umkhawulo wezinsuku ezintathu.

Kula mabalazwe, izindawo ezinengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu yomkhathi zibonisa isimo se-anticyclone kanti nezindawo ezinengcindezi encane zikhombisa iziphepho. Imikhawulo eshisayo nebandayo inqunywa yizimpawu futhi ibikezela isimo esizoba naso usuku lonke.

Izimpi ezibandayo

I-Los izingqimba ezibandayo yilezo okukhona kuzo umoya obandayo ushintsha umoya oshisayo. Zinamandla futhi zingadala ukuphazamiseka emkhathini njengokuduma kwezulu, imvula, iziphepho, imimoya enamandla, kanye neziphepho zeqhwa ezimfushane ngaphambi kokuba kudlule umphambili obandayo, kuhambisana nezimo ezomile njengoba phambili kuyaphambili. Ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka nendawo yayo, izingqimba ezibandayo zingalandelana izinsuku ezi-5 kuye kwezi-7.

Ingaphambili elibandayo

Imikhawulo efudumele

I-Los izingalo ezifudumele yilezo okukhona kuzo inqwaba yomoya ofudumele kancane kancane ingena esikhundleni somoya obandayo. Ngokuvamile, ngokuhamba kobuso obufudumele, izinga lokushisa nomswakama kuyanda, ingcindezi yehla futhi yize umoya ushintsha, awudalulwa njengalapho kudlula umphambili obandayo. Imvula ngesimo semvula, iqhwa noma imvula ngokuvamile itholakala ekuqaleni kobuso bendawo, kanye nezimvula ezihamba phambili neziphepho.

Ingaphambili elifudumele

Ngalezi zici eziyisisekelo zesimo sezulu, usungakwazi kahle ukuthi yini ingcindezi yasemkhathini nokuthi isebenza kanjani emhlabeni wethu. Ukuze wazi kahle ukuthi izazi zezulu zisitshelani ekubikezeleni isimo sezulu futhi sikwazi ukuhlaziya nokuqonda umkhathi wethu ngokwengeziwe.