Intela Yelanga eyimpikiswano ukuthi ngaphandle kweCanary Islands kuthinta lonke iSpain, ufuna ukungabi semthethweni kusuka eYurophu. Ngaphandle kokuthi iLanga aliphethwe muntu, yinto eshayisana ngamakhanda kulezi zikhathi. Ezweni lapho ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuya kuphuthuma, futhi lapho ukushintshela kumandla avuselelekayo kuvezwa njengesihluthulelo sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2, ukubeka intela kulabo abafuna ukusebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo imithombo yemvelo kuyaphikisana futhi, ezimweni eziningi, akunakuthethelelwa.
Kwabaningi abathintwe yile ntela, Isinqumo sizofika njengoba unyaka uqhubeka.. Ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngezinsuku nokuthi lokhu kubonakala kungalungile kanjani, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isimo se-Spanish energy sishintshe kakhulu selokhu kwethulwa le ntela. Masikhumbule ukuthi, kungekudala, ukufakwa kwamaphaneli e-photovoltaic kwakhuthazwa. Izakhiwo eziningi ezintsha zazidingeka ukuthi zifake izinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo, futhi ngemva kwalokho kutshalwa kwezimali, abanikazi manje babhekene nezindleko ezengeziwe zokusebenzisa amandla elanga abawakhiqiza ngokwabo. Lokhu kuholele ekwehleni okuphawulekayo kwenani lokufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga ezweni. Nokho, kungenzeka ukuthi isimo siyashintsha.
IYurophu imelene neNtela Yelanga
IYurophu ilungiselela izinyathelo zokukhuthaza amandla avuselelekayo. Olunye lwezinhlelo, olugqugquzelwe unobhala wePhalamende LaseYurophu u-José Blanco, ukukhulisa isabelo samandla avuselelekayo siye ku-35% ngo-2030, okuwumgomo obaluleke kakhulu kunomgomo we-European Commission wama-27%. Ngaphansi kobuholi bukaClaude Turmes kanye noMichele Rivasi ekubusweni kwamandla e-Europe, okuhloswe ngisho nangaphezulu kwama-45% kuhlongozwa. Kulolu hlaka lapho ukukhangisa amandla avuselelekayo kubonakala kuyisiqondiso esifanele, Kucatshangwa ukuthi iziphakamiso ezithile kufanele zenziwe ezingekho emthethweni, njengentela yeLanga.
Septhemba 4, I-European Commission MEPs izoxoxa ngeziphakamiso futhi yethule ukuma kwayo ku-plenary, ngemva kokuba a Ukuvota kwekomidi kuhlelelwe u-Okthoba 11 no-12. Lolu hlelo cishe luzofinyelela umvuthwandaba ekupheleni konyaka, lapho iseshini yomhlangano wonke isibamba ivoti layo. IGreenpeace, kanye nezenzo zayo zakamuva, njenge ilanga elipendwe e-Barcelona, uyaqhubeka nokufuna ukuthi uHulumeni waseSpain ungahlali ubambelele esikhathini esidlule, kodwa kunalokho ukhuthaze amandla ahlanzekile futhi ushiye amandla ayingozi ngemuva.
Iyini I-Sun Tax?
Intela yelanga, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengenkokhiso yesikhashana yamandla azisebenzisele wena, kwakuyintela eqale ukusebenza e-Spain ngo-Okthoba 9, 2015, nge-Royal Decree 900/2015. Lo mthetho awuzange ulawule kuphela izimo zokuphatha kanye nezobuchwepheshe zokufaka ugesi ozisebenzisayo, kodwa futhi wabeka inkokhiso yemali kulabo abakhetha ukukhiqiza amandla abo ngamapaneli elanga. Umgomo, ngokusho kukahulumeni wangaleso sikhathi, kwakuwukuqinisekisa ukusimama kwegridi kagesi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abasebenzisi bafaka isandla ekunakekeleni uhlelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bawukhiqiza yiphi indlela.
Nokho, le ntela yabonakala inempikiswano enkulu. Empeleni, abathengi baphoqeleka ukuthi bakhokhele amandla abawakhiqizela wona, nokuyinto eyagxekwa kakhulu, njengoba ukujezisa ukuzisebenzisa kwabonakala njengesinyathelo sokuhlehla emkhakheni wezamandla wezwe. Umqondo ngale mali wawuwukuthi labo abaxhunywe kugridi futhi basebenzise amandla abo ngezikhathi zokukhiqizwa kwelanga eliphansi kuzodingeka bafake isandla ezindlekweni zokulungiswa kwegridi. Kodwa-ke, abaningi baphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kwakha umthwalo owengeziwe wezezimali owadumaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kumandla avuselelekayo.
Obani abathintwa intela yelanga?
Intela yelanga yathinta abathengi ababenomshini wokufaka ugesi wokuziphilisa oxhunywe kugridi, okungukuthi, labo abangazange nje bakhiqize amandla avela kumapaneli abo elanga kodwa futhi bathembele kugridi ukumboza isidingo sabo ngezikhathi zokukhiqiza okuphansi. Nokho, kwakukhona okuhlukile kulo mthetho:
- Isolated photovoltaic self-consumption ukufakwa.
- Ukufakwa okunamandla angaphansi kuka-10 kW wamandla kagesi aphansi.
- Izinsiza ezitholakala eCanary Islands, Ceuta naseMelilla.
- Izinsiza zokuhlanganisa kanye nezitimela zokubhuleka.
Nakuba lokhu kukhululwa bekumele ingxenye enkulu yemizi yaseSpain, amabhizinisi amaningi amancane naphakathi nendawo anqume ukutshala imali ekufakeni izinto zokuzithengela wona abone izikweletu zawo zikhuphuka, okuholele ekuntulekeni kwentshisekelo yokwamukela amandla avuselelekayo.
Kwakusho ukuthini ukuchithwa kwentela yelanga eSpain?
Ngomhla zi-5 kuMfumfu wezi-2018, uNgqongqoshe Wezoguquko Lwezemvelo, u-Teresa Ribera, umemezele ukuchithwa kwale ntela. Lesi sinqumo samukelwe yiwo wonke umkhakha wezamandla avuselelekayo. Ukuchithwa bekuyingxenye yochungechunge lwezinguquko zomthetho okuhloswe ngazo ukukhuthaza ukuzidla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo eSpain. Eqinisweni, ngonyaka olandelayo, wezi-2019, kwavunywa i-Royal Decree 244/2019, okwakuhloswe ngayo ukwenza lula izinqubo zokuphatha ezihlobene namandla avuselelekayo, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula inqubo yokufaka kwabathintekayo.
Ukususwa kwentela yelanga kumelele ushintsho olukhulu kunqubomgomo yamandla yaseSpain, ukumaka indlela ebandakanya wonke umuntu ekukhuthazeni amandla ahlanzekile. Ngokuchithwa, okulindelekile ukuthi ukwamukelwa kwamandla elanga kuzokhula kakhulu, hhayi nje ngenxa yokonga izindleko kodwa nangenxa yomkhankaso obheke emnothweni ozinzile.
Muva nje, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi izindleko zokuzifakela ugesi zehle kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, njengoba kuboniswe ocwaningweni lwakamuva, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi amakhaya anganciphisa izikweletu zawo zikagesi aze afike ku-70% ngokufaka ama-solar panel. Izakhiwo nazo zinesikhathi sokukhokha esihluka phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 nengu-11, kuye ngohlobo lwesikhungo nendawo esikuyo.
Ukuhoxiswa kwentela yelanga kube namuphi umphumela?
Ukuhoxiswa kwentela yelanga kuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwenani lokufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga eSpain. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-National Association of Photovoltaic Energy Producers, ukufakwa kukhule ngo-2018% ngo-80 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, okubonisa umthelela omuhle wokususa izithiyo. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ngokususa imigoqo yokuphatha kanye nokuqeda izindleko ezengeziwe, ukushintshwa kwamandla okubalulekile ekusaseni lezwe kwenziwe lula.
Uhlaka olusha lokulawula luphinde lwavumela abathengi ukuthi babe abakhiqizi bamandla, njengoba ukugunyazwa ngokusemthethweni kwezinhlelo zokuzithenga kuye kwenziwa kwaba lula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imiphakathi ezimele inikezela ngezikhuthazo kanye nokwesekwa kwezimali ukuze kuthuthukiswe lo mkhuba, osekuqhubekisele phambili umkhakha futhi kwagqugquzela imindeni namabhizinisi amaningi ukuthi abheke amandla elanga njengendlela esebenzayo neqhubekayo.
Ukuzithengela ngokuhlanganyela nakho sekuthole umfutho, okuvumela imiphakathi yabanikazi bezindlu ukuthi yabelane ngamandla akhiqizwe phakathi kwayo. Lokhu kuye kwavula umbono omusha wamandla elanga ezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho isikhala singaba yisithiyo sokufaka ama-solar panel.
Liyini ikusasa lentela yelanga eSpain?
Nakuba intela yelanga yahoxiswa, kukhona ukungabaza ngokuthi kungenzeka ibuye. Abathengi namabhizinisi bajabulele ukuphumula, futhi ikusasa libukeka liqhakazile kumandla welanga eSpain, ikakhulukazi ngezinhloso ezintsha ze-European Union zokuthi u-30% wamandla aphume emithonjeni evuselelekayo ngo-2030. Lokhu kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuqhubeka endleleni yamandla avuselelekayo nokuqhubeka nokugqugquzela imikhuba ekhuthaza ukuzisebenzisa.
Kodwa-ke, iqiniso lokuthi eminye imiphakathi isazama ukusebenzisa izinkokhelo noma izintela ekuthengeni kwakho kudala ukungaqiniseki. Kubalulekile ukuthi abathengi kanye nezinhlangano zamandla avuselelekayo bahlale beqaphile futhi baqhubeke nokuvikela amalungelo abo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi amandla elanga ayaqhubeka ekhula ngaphandle kwemingcele eyengeziwe.
Ukukhuthazwa kwamaphrojekthi kagesi avuselelekayo, kanye nokwamukelwa kwe ubuchwepheshe obusha nobuqhubekayo, izoqhubeka ibalulekile ukuze iSpain ifinyelele izinjongo zayo zesimo sezulu futhi ibhekane nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngempumelelo. Amandla elanga anamandla okuba yinsika ebalulekile ekushintsheni kukagesi ezweni.
Indaba yentela yelanga iyisibonelo esicacile sokuthi izinqubomgomo zomphakathi zingathonya kanjani ukwamukelwa kwamandla avuselelekayo nokuthi ukucindezela kwezenhlalakahle nezombangazwe kungashintsha kanjani inkambo yezinqumo zezomnotho. Nakuba ukuchithwa kwakuyisinyathelo esihle, umsebenzi awugcini lapho. Kubalulekile ukuthi izakhamuzi nabaholi bagxile ekusaseni elihlanzekile, elisimeme, lapho ukufinyelela khona amandla elanga kube ilungelo hhayi ilungelo. Le nqubo ayibalulekile nje kuphela endaweni ezungezile kodwa nasemnothweni, ibukela phansi izindleko zamanje zokuphila futhi ikhuthaza ukuzimela kweqiniso kwamandla ezweni.
