Lesi isiphetho esifinyelelwe yithimba ebeliholwa yisifundiswa I-Satoshi Ide, evela eNyuvesi yaseTokyo (Japan). Sengathi iphupho elibi, Inyanga ibonakala ibangela ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, okungenzeka kakhulu uma kunamagagasi aphezulu noma entwasahlobo, okungukuthi, lapho isathelayithi yethu isesigabeni senyanga egcwele noma entsha.
Umthelela weNyanga eMhlabeni wawusuvele waziwa, njengoba unamandla adonsela phansi enza amagagasi asebenze futhi asize ekugcineni ukusimama kweplanethi yethu. Kukhona ngisho nenkolelo evamile yokuthi iNyanga ithonya imizwa nokuziphatha komuntu. Nokho, kuze kube manje, akukho cwaningo olwenziwa ukuze lubonise ukuthi lwalungaba nendima ebalulekile ekubangeleni ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu.
Ithimba labacwaningi lenze ucwaningo olunzulu, olushicilelwe kujenali I-geoscience yemvelo, lapho baphinde badala khona ubukhulu nobukhulu bokukhuphuka kwamagagasi, umphumela wamandla adonsela phansi abangela amagagasi, emasontweni angaphambi kokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu okungu-5,5 noma ngaphezulu.
Ngakho, ithole ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaza olwandle nokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, kuyilapho bengakutholanga ukuhlobana okunjalo ekuzamazameni komhlaba okunesilinganiso esiphansi. Lokhu kutholakala kuyintuthuko ephawulekayo, njengoba kungenza kube lula ukubikezela ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu esikhathini esizayo
Ukuzamazama komhlaba okufana nokuzamazama komhlaba kwe-Maule e-Chile ngo-2010 kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba kwe-Tohoku-oki e-Japan ngo-2011 kwenzeka ngezikhathi zokuphakama kwamagagasi aphezulu. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi Kunobudlelwano phakathi kwesenzakalo senyanga nokuzamazama komhlaba, engasiza abacwaningi baqonde kangcono ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba kuqala kanjani futhi okungase kuvimbele abantu abaningi ukuba balahlekelwe ukuphila kwabo phakathi nalezi zenzakalo ezimbi.
Ukuze bafinyelele lezi ziphetho, abacwaningi bahlaziye idatha evela kumarekhodi amathathu okuzamazama komhlaba ahlanganisa izenzakalo zase-Japan, California, nasemhlabeni jikelele. Bahlola amagagasi enzeke ezinsukwini ezingu-15 ngaphambi kokuzamazama komhlaba, babela inombolo esuka ku-1 kuya ku-15 ukuze kulinganiswe ukucindezeleka kwamagagasi okulinganiselwe. Le ndlela yabavumela ukuba bathole ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, okufana nokwase-Chile nase-Japan, kwenzeka phakathi nezigaba zenyanga egcwele kanye neyokuthwasa, lapho iLanga, iNyanga, noMhlaba kuqondana.
Ocwaningweni lwabo, bathole nokuthi ekuzamazameni komhlaba okungu-10,000 5,5 okunesilinganiso esicishe sibe ngu-8, lokho okwaqala phakathi namagagasi entwasahlobo kunamathuba amaningi okufinyelela ku-XNUMX noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu ukutholwa okubalulekile, njengoba kubonisa ukuthi amandla olwandle angaba nomthelela omkhulu emsebenzini wokuzamazama komhlaba, ngisho nasezikalini ezinkulu.
INyanga noMhlaba kusebenzisana kanjani?
Ubudlelwano phakathi kweNyanga noMhlaba bunzima. Amandla adonsela phansi asetshenziswa yiNyanga awathinti kuphela amanzi olwandle, kodwa futhi anemiphumela oqweqweni loMhlaba. Amandla adonsela phansi eNyanga abangela ukuba amanzi anyuke, okwenza amagagasi aphezulu ezindaweni lapho iNyanga ingaphezulu kakhulu kobuso beplanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungafunda kabanzi mayelana izici zeNyanga ukuqonda kangcono ithonya layo.
Nakuba iLanga liphinde lisebenzise amandla adonsela phansi eMhlabeni, ibanga lalo lenza umthelela walo olwandle ungabonakali kakhulu kunalowo weNyanga. Kodwa-ke, amandla adonsela phansi ahlangene oMhlaba, Ilanga, neNyanga angadala ingcindezi emaphutheni e-geological angaba nomthelela emsebenzini wokuzamazama komhlaba.
Sekuyisikhathi eside izazi zokuzamazama komhlaba ziphenya ubuhlobo phakathi kwamagagasi nokuzamazama komhlaba, ziphawula ukuthi amagagasi amabili aphezulu ngosuku angabangela ukuzamazama okuncane ezindaweni ezithile, njengeSan Andreas Fault eCalifornia. Ucwaningo lwakamuva, njengalokhu okukhulunywe ngenhla, lusikisela ukuthi izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlobene namagagasi anyanga zonke, ikakhulukazi phakathi nenyanga entsha nenyanga egcwele.
Izifundo ezengeziwe kanye nemithelela yazo
Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luye lwathola ukuthi inani lokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu liyakhula phakathi nalezi zikhathi ezikhethekile zenyanga. Lokhu okutholakele kunikeza ukuqonda okusha kokuthi amandla enyanga angathonya kanjani umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi nakuba ukuhlobana phakathi kwamagagasi nokuzamazama komhlaba kuye kwaboniswa, lokhu akusho ngempela ubudlelwano bembangela eqondile kuzo zonke izimo. Kunezici eziningi ezithonya ukwenzeka kokuzamazama komhlaba, futhi amandla adonsela phansi enyanga angaba yimbangela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, kodwa akuyona ukuphela kwesici esidlalayo. Ukuze uqonde kabanzi ngesakhiwo seplanethi esingaba nomthelela kulokhu, vakashela ukwakheka koMhlaba.
Isidingo sokuqhubeka nokuphenya lobu budlelwano sibalulekile. Ukuqonda ukuthi amandla adonsela phansi eNyanga akuthonya kanjani ukuzamazama komhlaba kungaba isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa izindlela zokubikezela ezisebenza kangcono, ezingase zisindise izimpilo ezindaweni ezithandwa ukuzamazama komhlaba.
Bacabangani ochwepheshe?
Ochwepheshe be-geology, njengo-Honn Kao, bagcizelele ukuthi lolu hlobo locwaningo lunikeza indlela entsha yokubhekana nobunzima bezimo zokuzamazama komhlaba. Amathuba okubikezela ukuzamazama komhlaba okuthile kusenesikhathi kungase kuguqule indlela yethu yokuphepha ezindaweni ezinyakazayo.
Nokho, abacwaningi abanjengoSusan Hough we-U.S. Geological Survey baye bangabaza ubuhlobo phakathi kwezigaba zenyanga nokuzamazama komhlaba. U-Hough ugomela ngokuthi nakuba kunamaphethini aqaphelekayo, lezi ngokuvamile ziwumphumela wokuzenzekela okungahleliwe kunobudlelwane obuqondile bembangela. Ugomela ngokuthi umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba ungalawulwa yizinto eziningi, hhayi nje ithonya lenyanga.
Ngakho-ke, nakuba ucwaningo lwamanje lubonisa ukuthi kungase kube nokuxhumana okuphawulekayo phakathi kwamagagasi abangelwa inyanga kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, izifundo ezengeziwe zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokugcwele futhi kuqondwe lobu buhlobo.
Inyanga kanye nomsebenzi wayo wokuzamazama komhlaba
Ngaphezu kokuthonya umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba, iNyanga ngokwayo iphinde ibe nokuzamazama komhlaba, okwaziwa ngokuthi "ukuzamazama kwenyanga." Le micimbi yokuzamazama kwenyanga iyindawo esebenzayo yocwaningo, njengoba inganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokwakheka kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi sesathelayithi yethu yemvelo.
Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi iNyanga iyancipha futhi ibhekene nomsebenzi obalulekile wokuzamazama komhlaba, ikakhulukazi endaweni yayo epholile. Lokhu kubuka kuyafaneleka ekuhleleni ukuhlola kwenyanga kwesikhathi esizayo, njengoba kungase kuveze izinselele ohambweni oluhleliwe lwabantu.
