El inyoni yendlovu I-Aepyornis igqame phakathi kwezinyoni ezinkulu futhi ezinamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni, isisindo esingafika ku-500 kg (iphindwe kahlanu kunentshe) futhi inobude obungamamitha amabili kuya kwamathathu nohhafu. Njengoba ihlala emahlathini aseMadagascar, inezici ezifana nezezintshe zanamuhla, kodwa amasampula ofuzo aqoqwe emaqandeni ezinsalela azihlanganisa nekiwi. Ayikho imininingwane eqondile yokuthi yashabalala nini, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi ukufika kwabantu esiqhingini kungenzeka kube nomthelela ekunyamaleni kwayo eminyakeni eyizi-2.300 edlule. Igama layo livela enguqulweni yaboMdabu ethi "vouron patra", okusho ukuthi inyoni yendlovu noma inyoni.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nenyoni yendlovu, yiziphi izici zayo kanye ne-curiosities.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nomlando wenyoni yendlovu
Izinyoni zezindlovu kulinganiselwa ukuthi zavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-80 edlule futhi zafinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu ngenxa yeziqhingi ezinkulu. Lena inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo; lapho behlala eziqhingini noma ezindaweni ezikude nendawo ababehlala kuyo, inani labo liyokwanda. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuvela kwezinhlobo zezilwane, ungafunda mayelana Izilwane zePleistocene.
Lapho abantu baseNtshonalanga befika eMadagascar cishe ngekhulu le-XNUMX, bamangala lapho bezwa abantu bendawo bekhuluma ngezinyoni ezinkulu ezihlala emahlathini. Bambalwa abantu abakholelwa kubo kwaze kwaba maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, lapho amaqanda amathathu namathambo alesi sifanekiso ayiswa eParia.
Amathambo atholakala ngezikhathi ezihlukene aqala ngekhulu lokuqala nelesi-XNUMX. Amagobolondo amaqanda aneminyaka engu-1000 ubudala nawo atholakala, futhi lokhu okutholakele kwaholela ochwepheshe ukuba bacabange ukuthi zikhona kubantu. Nokho, usuku lokushabalala luseyimpicabadala. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeka ngekhulu le-XNUMX.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ugebhezi lwekhanda nentamo yezinyoni zendlovu kufana kakhulu nokwezintshe, kodwa ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi lezi zinyoni azinabudlelwane bokhokho. Isisindo nobukhulu bayo buyenza ibe yinyoni yesibili ende kunazo zonke emlandweni, idlulwa kuphela i-New Zealand Moas engasekho.
Le nyoni inemilenze emikhulu, enamandla kanye nezinzipho ezinkulu ezinamandla. Ihamba kancane ngoba ayidingi ukufika ngesivinini esikhulu ngoba ayinazo izitha zemvelo kuze kufike abantu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inyoni yendlovu, njengoba inkulu kakhulu, yayingenazo izilwane ezidla ezinye endaweni yayo, okuyinto evamile ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezihlala eziqhingini.
Ayikwazi ukundiza, kodwa inamaphiko amakhulu, angathuthukile. Izimpaphe zazo ziwugqinsi futhi zicijile, zifana kakhulu nalezo ze-emu. Uqhwaku lwayo lumise okwesifuba. Iqanda lenyoni yendlovu lingafinyelela ububanzi obuyimitha nelilodwa ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-33, kanti indawo yokukhipha indle ingafinyelela kumalitha ayi-9. Uma kuqhathaniswa neqanda lenkukhu, kuzothatha cishe amayunithi angama-200 ukugcwalisa eyodwa yalezi. Iqanda elilodwa lenyoni yendlovu lingadla abantu abangu-120.
Indawo yokuhlala kanye nokuziphatha kwenyoni yendlovu
Kuthiwa inyoni yezindlovu isihlale emahlathini avulekile aseMadagascar iminyaka engaphezu kuka-60.000 XNUMX, kodwa okokugcina okurekhodiwe ukubonwa kwenzeka ehlathini lamaxhaphozi akulesi siqhingi. Ziyizinyoni ezidla utshani. Zidla izitshalo nezithelo ezivela esiqhingini saseMadagascar, kanye nenani elikhulu lamaqabunga namagatsha. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi kufakwe izithelo zezitshalo ze-Arecaaceae ekudleni kwazo. Izinhlobonhlobo zokudla kwazo endaweni yazo yemvelo kuyiphuzu eliyinhloko lokuqonda indlela yazo yokuphila. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngezilwane zasendle ezisengozini, bheka isihloko esithi izilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Kunemibono eyahlukene mayelana nembangela yokushabalala kwale nyoni, kodwa bonke bayavuma ukuthi abantu bayibulele. Inyoni yabusa lesi siqhingi isikhathi eside. Akungabazeki ukuthi ingesinye sezilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke endaweni yonke. Ayinazo izitha zemvelo noma izilwane ezizingelayo ezinkulu ngokwanele ukuba zingayizingela.
Umbono wokuqala uthi ukushabalala kwenzeka eminyakeni engaba ngu-2.000 XNUMX edlule, futhi ukubonakala kwabantu esiqhingini kwaphawula ukufika kwesilwane esizingelayo sokuqala esasingabhekana nezinyoni. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, lezi zifiki zawabulala ngoba ayewumthombo wokudla kubantu. Noma kunjalo, inkolelo-mbono ithi abantu bokuqala abahlala kulesi siqhingi abazange babangele ukunyamalala kwabo ekugcineni, njengoba imibhalo egciniwe ibonisa ukuthi abaningi babo basinda.
Kodwa njengoba ama-Arabhu efika ogwini lwaseMadagascar, isimo saba sibi kakhulu, ngoba awazange nje azingelwe, kodwa acekela phansi izidleke zawo ukuze abe amaqanda. Ngalokhu, bavimbela ukuzala kwezinyoni. Isici esibalulekile ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi kwakuwukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwezolimo, kanjalo kwacekela phansi amakhaya abo.
Ekugcineni, ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi okuqhubekayo kwendawo ezizalela kuyo, lezi zilwane zagcina zishabalala ngekhulu le-34. Ngandlela-thile, abanye abantu baphikelela ekucekeleni phansi yonke into. Manje sekutholwe amathambo namaqanda ezinyoni zezindlovu kuphela. Ezinye zazo zinomjikelezo ongaphezu kwemitha nobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-160 cm. Ukuze sikunikeze umbono, umthamo wayo ucishe uphindwe izikhathi ezingu-XNUMX kuneqanda.
Ezinye izifiso
Inganekwane ithi lapho uMarco Polo edlula eMadagascar wezwa amahlebezi enyoni enkulu, okwabangela inganekwane yenyoni i-Roc. Lezi zinyoni ezinkulu zihlala ezintabeni futhi zikhonjwe ngababhali abaningi emisebenzini yazo. Ukhozi olukhulu lunamandla amakhulu.
Iqanda lenyoni yendlovu likhulu kunawo wonke ake aqoshwa, likhulu nakakhulu kunelidayinaso. Iqanda lenyoni yendlovu lizothengiswa ngo-2015 ngemali elinganiselwa ku-€ 70.000. Iminyaka yakhe ineminyaka engama-400.
Ososayensi abaningi baye bangabaza ukuthi inyoni yendlovu ingahlanganiswa yini. Njengoba umuntu edlala indima kaNkulunkulu, okokuqala uba nobukhazikhazi bokuvumela ezinye izidalwa zishabalale ngaphandle kokulinganisa imiphumela. Bese uzama ukubavusa. Imiphumela kusenzima ukuyibala.
Kuyinto ngokuthola iphrofayili ye-DNA yesilwane esingasekho ukuthi "ingakwazi ukuvusa." Kufezwa kanjani lokhu? Ngenqubo ye-cloning, "umama obambele" ophuma kolunye uhlobo lomndeni ofanayo kusetshenziswa. Ezinyonini zezindlovu, izintshe zingasetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, ungamangali uma esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ungavakashela izindawo uSteven Spielberg azicabanga ngeJurassic Park yakhe ukuthi akukho lutho olunomona. Mayelana nezinyoni zendlovu, asethembe ukuthi zizoqhubeka nokugcina imikhuba yazo yakudala yokudla.
