Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu yinkinga enkulu esinayo namuhla ngekusasa. Ubuchwepheshe obuningi buyathuthukiswa obukwazi ukufuna izixazululo noma ezinye izindlela zalolu shintsho ezithinta iplanethi yonke.
Siyazi ukuthi indima yezitshalo nezilwane ukwenza ukubaluleka okubalulekile ngekusasa. Ukugcina ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo nokungaphuli amaketanga okudla nemijikelezo yezinto eziphilayo kuyisikhali esihle ekulweni nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ososayensi bacwaninga ngamasu amasha wokubuka asivumela ukuthi sithole ngokujule nakakhulu indima yezitshalo nezilwane.
UJosep Penuelas Uyisazi se-ecology onguchwepheshe be-ecology yomhlaba, i-ecophysiology yezitshalo, inzwa ekude, kanye nokusebenzisana kwe-biosphere-atmosphere Uzinikele ekucwaningeni ngokuvela kwezidalwa eziphilayo kanye nendima yazo ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Uthe imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ezimila nezilwane izobonakala kakhulu kwi-phenology. Lokhu, isibonelo, lapho amaqabunga ephuma ezihlahleni ezivuthulukayo. Ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izinga lokushisa lihluke kakhulu kokujwayelekile. Ngo-Okthoba, kusafudumele ngokwanele ukuba izihlahla ziqonde ukuthi azidingeki ukulahla amaqabunga azo.
Kwenzeka okufanayo nangezinyoni ezifudukayo. Lezi zinyoni ziyafuduka ukuze zikwazi ukuthola inzalo futhi zihlale emazingeni okushisa amnandi. Nokho, ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, imizila yokufuduka ishintsha isikhathi sayo. Lolu hlobo lwento kulula ukuthi abantu balubuke futhi lungenye yezinto abanazo kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwemvelo yeplanethi. Njengoba lezi zinguquko ze-phenological ziqhubeka, zingaholela ekushintsheni kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane nezinye futhi, ngakho-ke, izinguquko endaweni yokusabalalisa.
Isazi semvelo sikuqinisekisile ukuthi ezifundweni ezenziwayo kungabonwa ukuthi abantu nezitshalo nezilwane bayasabela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu ukushintsha kwezakhi zofuzo ngokushesha okukhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kwengezwe ukuthi izinguquko zofuzo kuma-microorganisms zishesha kakhulu ngenxa yesivinini ezikhiqiza ngaso kanye nenani labantu. Yingakho ama-microorganisms azivumelanisa kalula nemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngoba anezizukulwane eziningi eziningi ngesikhathi esincane kakhulu.
Ezifundweni ezenziwa ngabakwaPeñuelas ukwazi izimbangela nemiphumela yemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni, i ulimi lokuxhumana ukuthi izimbali babe. Lezi zifundo zinganikeza idatha ebalulekile ekuqondeni ubudlelwano phakathi kwezitshalo nendawo esizungezile.
Izitshalo zishintshanisa amagesi amaningi nomoya osemkhathini kunalokho esikucabangayo
Izitshalo zixhumana zodwa, hhayi ngokukhuluma noma ngokushukuma komzimba, kodwa ngokushintshana amakhulu amagesi emkhathini. Into eyaziwa kakhulu nge-photosynthesis ukuthi ziyashintshana umoya-mpilo, isikhutha namanzi, Kodwa abantu abaningi abangakwazi ukuthi futhi bashintshanisa ama-hydrocarbon, utshwala nenani elikhulu lezinhlanganisela zegesi ezikhiqiza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu webhayoloji ukuze baxhumane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo azikhulumi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nezilwane ezidla uhlaza kanye nezilwane ezidla uhlaza, ezizisiza ukuba zihlakaze imbewu yazo ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kumele futhi kwengezwe ukuthi lokhu kushintshaniswa kwamagesi nomkhathi kubangela ushintsho kumakhemikhali omkhathi, ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi yomoya ukuthi siyaphefumula. Imvamisa, ezindaweni ezinesibalo esikhulu sezimila nezimila, umoya ophefumulwayo uhlanzekile futhi unempilo ngoba umunca inani elikhulu lekhabhoni elikhishwa ngokushiswa kwamafutha ezimbiwa phansi.
Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuqhakanjiswa ukushiswa kwamafutha ezimbiwa phansi
Ucwaningo lukaPeñuelas lusebenzisa amasu okuzwa akude ukuze asebenze kumazinga omhlaba, esifunda, nawendawo. Inzwa yesilawuli kude iyadingeka ukuze kuqashwe lezi zinguquko.
"Esikuqinisekisile ukuthi sineplanethi eqhubeka iluhlaza, lapho kune-biomass eluhlaza kakhulu, futhi lokhu sikusho ukuthi simanyanisa iplanethi nge-carbon dioxide okuwukudla kwezitshalo."
Kepha akuyona yonke into enhle, ngoba, ngokusho kukaPeñuelas, into ekhathazayo ngalesi simo ukuthi iyasibangela izimo zokugcwala. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba izitshalo zishoda ngamanzi ngenxa yesomiso ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, noma zintula izakhi zomzimba ngoba zilinganiselwe kakhulu. Okubi kakhulu, umkhawulo wezitshalo ukuntuleka kokukhanya.
Umphumela walokhu okungenhla ukuthi ubukhulu boluhlaza buyeka ukusebenza futhi bumunce i-CO2 esiyikhiphayo ngakho-ke kwandisa umthelela wokushisa okushisayo. Ukuxazulula lokhu, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi kukhona ifayela le- umkhawulo wokumunca we-CO2 weplanethi nokuthi uhlobo lwempilo esiyijwayele kufanele luguqulwe ngoba, uma luqhubeka kanjena, iplanethi izoshisa kakhulu.
