ilanga ipulazi

Amandla elanga asezuze umhlaba wonke njengamandla avuselelekayo asetshenziswa kakhulu. Kulolu hlobo lwendlela yamandla avuselelekayo, izakhiwo ezihlukene zenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe isizukulwane sawo. Kulokhu sizokhuluma nge ipulazi lelanga.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nepulazi lelanga, yiziphi izici zalo, ukuthi liyini nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo zalo.

Umongo wamandla omhlaba

Njengoba intengo yamaphaneli elanga yehlile, lolu hlobo lwepaki ye-photovoltaic seluthole ukuduma futhi seluze lwabonakala nakumakhava emithombo yezindaba ehamba phambili emhlabeni.

Kuyinjabulo ukukwazi ukukhiqiza amandla ngaphandle kokungcoliswa kwe-hydrocarbon, ngaleyo ndlela unciphisa kancane kancane umkhondo wemvelo isintu esiwushiye emhlabeni phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.

Ukuthola amandla sekuyinkinga enkulu ebhekene nesintu ezikhathini zamuva nje. Nakuba izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi ziye zaba umthombo oyinhloko wamandla amakhulu eminyaka, azizona ukuphela kwendlela, ingasaphathwa eyendlela engcono kakhulu, yomhlaba wonke, olokhu uminyanisa inani elikhulu lesikhutha esikhishwa abantu. Kodwa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi aziwona kuphela umhlinzeki wamandla osafufusa, kuneminye imithombo yamandla ebizwa ngokuthi avuselelekayo angenabungozi emhlabeni futhi angapheli. Amandla elanga angomunye wawo, futhi amapaki elanga ayisihluthulelo sokuwathola nokuyiphatha.

Lisebenza kanjani ipulazi lelanga?

Eyaziwa nangokuthi amapaki elanga, ipulazi lelanga liyindawo enkulu esabalalisa amaphaneli amaningi ukuze athwebule imisebe yelanga, bese iguqulwa ibe ugesi osebenzisekayo.

Amandla elanga awuhlobo oluhlukile lwamandla olubizwa ngokuthi amandla avuselelekayo, yilawo mithombo yemvelo ehlanzekile nengashi etholakala ngendlela enobungane emhlabeni. Ngokungafani nezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, amandla avuselelekayo noma aluhlaza maningi endaweni ezungezile futhi awakhiqizi amagesi abamba ukushisa.

Ngokukhethekile, Amandla elanga atholakala emisebeni kagesi kagesi yelanga efinyelela emhlabeni. Namuhla, le misebe ye-electromagnetic ingashintshwa ibe amandla elanga noma ashisayo avela kumaphaneli e-photovoltaic, ama-heliostats noma abaqoqi belanga. Ngokuthatha ukukhanya kwelanga, amandla alo angaguqulwa abe ugesi.

Ngakho, amapulazi elanga ayizakhiwo ezinkulu lapho, kuyo yonke indawo, amapaneli amakhulu abekwa phansi ukuze athwebule ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banekhono lokuguqula amandla emisebe kagesi abe amandla kagesi, angabe esesatshalaliswa ezifundeni ezihlukene, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani labantu noma izindawo ezithile ezizosetshenziswa.

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Isakhiwo sepulazi lelanga

Ngaphezu kokusebenza kwamapulazi elanga, baphinde basinike umbono ocishe ube yinkondlo wesakhiwo sabo senhlangano esiphelele, esibuye sihambisane nomgomo wokugcina iplanethi yethu ingenawo amagesi anobuthi, kuyilapho isinika amandla adingekayo.

ngokwebhayoloji, ilanga liwumthombo wethu omkhulu wamandla futhi ngenxa yalokho, izitshalo zingakwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesis, egcina amazinga oksijini adingekayo ekusebenzeni kwakho konke ukuphila. Kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba futhi umhlinzeki wamandla kazibuthe. Uma sinamapulazi elanga adingekayo, imisebe yelanga ingahlangabezana nezidingo zamandla omhlaba.

Izinzuzo

Lezi yizinzuzo eziyinhloko zepulazi lelanga:

Iphakela amakhaya angaphezu kuka-1500 ngonyaka (ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni sokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kwe-3300 kWh ngonyaka) futhi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngamathani angu-2150.
Bafeza injongo embaxambili ngezimvu noma ezinye izilwane eziklabayo futhi basize ekugcineni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Akukho mikhiqizo noma imfucuza ekhiqizwayo ngaphandle ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza noma sokuqaqa.
Zinomthelela omncane obonakalayo kanye nemvelo kunezinye izinhlobo zokukhiqiza amandla.
Basiza ukulwa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kodwa futhi bangaba negalelo elikhulu ekuvikeleni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemaphandleni kanye nokusebenzisana nezolimo.
amandla elanga futhi idala ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye namathuba emisebenzi emiphakathini yendawo, okunciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi athengwa kwamanye amazwe.
Ezingeni likazwelonke, IMexico ifuna ukukhiqiza u-30% kagesi wayo ngamandla elanga ngo-2024.
Ngo-2050, amandla elanga azomelela u-60%, futhi cishe i-85% yendawo yaseMexico ingasabalalisa kahle amandla elanga.

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Ngokuvamile, amapulazi elanga aklanyelwe ukukhiqiza okungenani i-MWp engu-1 ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okuningi, okuhle ukusabalalisa amandla okungenani ezindlini ezingama-400 kanye nezindlu ezifika ku-900.

Ngenxa yalokho, amandla elanga ngokuvamile ashibhile ukuwakhiqiza kunamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Ukukhetha okusimeme kuhlangabezana ne Ama-B amathathu: amahle, amahle futhi ashibhile. Ngokuvamile zakhiwe eduze nezindawo zokuxhuma ezifanele, lapho abathuthukisi befaka izintambo zikagesi ukuze baxhume ipulazi lelanga kugridi.

Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi ukuxhuma la mapulazi elanga kugridi kungaba nzima ngoba ipulazi elikhulu lelanga, kunzima kakhulu ukuxhuma ngokuphepha ukuphuma kwamandla kugridi. Lokhu akulishayi indiva iqiniso lokuthi ukuxhuma izixhumanisi kuyabiza, kubiza kufika esigidini samadola. Yize kungekho kwalokhu okubalulekile, lapho ungaba neqhaza kwikhwalithi engcono yempilo yeplanethi nabantu ngezindleko zokuncintisana zokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Ukholwa noma ungakholwa, le modeli yepaki ye-photovoltaic ayizange iqale eminyakeni eyinkulungwane, kodwa kunalokho kuma-80s, lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kuqala ukubonakala epulazini lokuqala lelanga eliseCalifornia, eU.SA.

Njengamanje, leli pulazi le-solar panel liyekile ukusebenza, kodwa laphawula ukuqala kwenkathi yokuphehlwa kwamandla elanga, okwalandelwa ngokushesha amazwe anjengeChina, iSpain neJalimane.