Isithwathwa yilokho okubizwa ngamanzi afriziwe aqhamukile. Akulutho ngaphezu kwamanzi asesimweni esiqinile awela ngqo emafwini. Amakhekheba eqhwa akhiwa amakristalu eqhwa okuthi, njengoba ehlela ebusweni bomhlaba, amboze konke ngengubo enhle emhlophe.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi iqhwa lakhiwa kanjani, kungani likhithika, izinhlobo zeqhwa ezikhona kanye nomjikelezo walo, qhubeka ufunda
Okuvamile
Lapho iqhwa liwa umazi njengo-nevada. Lo mkhuba uvame ukwenzeka ezifundeni eziningi ezinezimpawu eziyinhloko ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi (imvamisa ngesikhathi sasebusika). Lapho ukuwa kweqhwa kugcwele, bathambekele ekulimaleni ingqalasizinda yedolobha futhi baphazamise imisebenzi yansuku zonke neyezimboni ezikhathini eziningi.
Isakhiwo se-flakes i-fractal. Ama-Fractals ayizimo zejometri eziphindaphindwe ngezikali ezahlukahlukene, okwenza umphumela wokubuka onelukuluku kakhulu.
Amadolobha amaningi aneqhwa njengokuheha kwabo izivakashi (isibonelo, iSierra Nevada). Ngenxa yokuwa okukhulu kweqhwa okwenzekile kulezi zindawo, ungazijwayeza imidlalo ehlukene njengokushibilika eqhweni noma ukushibilika eqhweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqhwa linikeza izindawo ezibukeka njengamaphupho, ezikwazi ukuheha izivakashi eziningi futhi zenze inzuzo enkulu.
Kwakhiwa kanjani?
Sikhulume ngendlela iqhwa eliheha ngayo izivakashi futhi lishiya izindawo ezinhle zalo ngemuva. Kodwa lawa ma-flakes akha kanjani?
Isithwathwa sinjalo amakristalu amancane wamanzi afriziwe akhiwa engxenyeni engenhla ye-troposphere ngokumunca amaconsi amanzi. Lapho la mathonsi amanzi eshayisana, ayabumbana akhe amakhekheba eqhwa. Lapho i-flake inesisindo esikhulu kunokumelana nomoya, iyawa.
Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, amazinga okushisa okwakhiwa kweqhwa kufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-zero. Inqubo yokwakheka iyafana neqhwa noma isichotho. Umehluko phakathi kwabo kuphela izinga lokushisa lokwakheka.
Lapho iqhwa liwela phansi, liyakha futhi lakheke. Inqobo nje uma izinga lokushisa elizungezile lihlala ngaphansi kwama-zero degrees, lizoqhubeka futhi liqhubeke nokugcinwa. Uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ama-flakes azoqala ukuncibilika. Izinga lokushisa okwakhiwa ngalo amakhekheba eqhwa ngokuvamile liba ngu -5 ° C. Ingakhiwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphakeme kancane, kepha ivame kakhulu ukusuka ku- -5 ° C.
Ngokuvamile, abantu bahlobanisa iqhwa namakhaza amakhulu, lapho iqiniso ukuthi ukuwa kweqhwa okuningi kwenzeka lapho umhlabathi unezinga lokushisa elingu-9 ° C noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isici esibaluleke kakhulu asinakwa: umswakama oseduze. Umswakama uyisici sokubekisa ubukhona beqhwa endaweni. Uma isimo sezulu somile kakhulu, ngeke libe khona iqhwa ngisho noma amazinga okushisa ephansi kakhulu. Isibonelo salokhu yiziGodi Ezomile zase-Antarctica, lapho kuneqhwa, kodwa ungalokothi ukhithike.
Kunezikhathi lapho iqhwa loma khona. Lezi yilezo zikhathi lapho ama-flakes, akhiwa ngomswakama wemvelo, edlula esiwombeni somoya owomile esiwaphendula abe luhlobo lwempuphu enganamatheli ndawo futhi efanelekile kuleyo midlalo yeqhwa.
Isithwathwa esinqwabelene ngemuva kokuwa kweqhwa sinezici ezahlukahlukene kuya ngokuthi izenzo zezulu zikhula kanjani. Uma kunemimoya enamandla, iqhwa elincibilikayo, njll.
Ubujamo beqhwa leqhwa
Ama-flakes ngokuvamile alinganiselwa ngaphezu kwesentimitha elilodwa, yize ubukhulu nokwakhiwa kwawo kuxhomeke ohlotsheni lweqhwa namazinga okushisa komoya.
Amakristalu e-Ice eza ngezindlela eziningi: ama-prism, amapuleti angama-hexagonal noma izinkanyezi ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kwenza iqhwa ngalinye leqhwa lihluke, noma ngabe zonke zinamacala ayisithupha. Ukushisa okuphansi, i-snowflake elula futhi incane ngosayizi.
Izinhlobo zeqhwa
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeqhwa ngokuya ngendlela eliwela noma elenziwa ngayo nendlela eligcinwa ngayo.
Isithwathwa
Luhlobo lweqhwa lelo amafomu ngqo emhlabathini. Lapho amazinga okushisa engaphansi kuka-zero futhi kunomswakama omkhulu, amanzi asemhlabeni aba yiqhwa futhi abangele iqhwa. La manzi aqoqeka ikakhulu ebusweni lapho kuvunguza khona umoya futhi uyakwazi ukuhambisa amanzi aye ezitshalweni nasemadwaleni asezindaweni zomhlaba.
Ama-flakes amakhulu, anezimpaphe noma ukufakwa okuqinile kungakha.
Isithwathwa esineqhwa
Umehluko phakathi kwalesi sithwathwa naleso esedlule ukuthi leli qhwa kuveza ubujamo obucacisiwe bekristalu njengamaqabunga enkemba, imiqulu namabhodlela. Inqubo yokwakheka kwayo ihlukile kusithwathwa esivamile. Yakhiwa ngenqubo ye-sublimation.
Iqhwa lempuphu
Lolu hlobo lweqhwa yilona olwaziwa kakhulu ube nolwelo futhi ulula. Yilona elahlekelwe ukubumbana ngenxa yokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kwamaphethelo nezikhungo zekristalu. Leli qhwa livumela ukushelela okushelelayo eqhweni.
Iqhwa elinamanzi amaningi
Leli qhwa lakhiwa umjikelezo oqhubekayo wokuncibilikisa nokushisa kabusha okubandezeleka ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi kodwa kukhona ilanga. Iqhwa linamakristalu aminyene, ayindilinga.
Kwehle iqhwa
Leli qhwa li kuvame kakhulu entwasahlobo. Inezingqimba ezithambile, ezimanzi ezingenakho ukumelana okuningi. Kungabangela ama-avalanche eqhwa noma ama-avalanche ama-slab. Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezindaweni lapho imvula incane khona.
Iqhwa elibunjiwe
Lolu hlobo lwakhiwa lapho amanzi ancibilika ebusweni futhi enza ungqimba oluqinile. Izimo ezibangela ukwakheka kwaleli qhwa umoya ofudumele, ukuncipha okungaphezulu kwamanzi, izehlakalo zelanga nemvula.
Imvamisa ungqimba olwakhekayo lucekeceke futhi luhlephule lapho i-ski noma amabhuzu edlula kuwo. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo lapho ungqimba olujiyile lapho lina futhi amanzi angena eqhweni futhi abambe iqhwa. Lesi sikhafu siyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi sishelelela kanjani. Lolu hlobo lweqhwa luvame kakhulu ezindaweni nasezikhathini zemvula.
Amapuleti omoya
Umoya unikeza umphumela wokuguga, ukwephuka, ukuminyana nokuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke izingqimba ezingaphezulu kweqhwa. Ukuhlanganiswa kusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho umoya uletha ukushisa okwengeziwe. Noma lokho kushisa okulethwa ngumoya kunganele ukuncibilikisa iqhwa, iyakwazi ukuyenza lukhuni ngokuguqulwa. Lezi zingcwecwe zomoya ezakhiwe zingaphulwa uma izingqimba ezingezansi zibuthakathaka. Yilapho kwakhiwa i-avalanche.
I-Firnspiegel
Leli gama linikezwa lolo ungqimba oluncane lweqhwa elibonakalayo olutholakala ezindaweni eziningi ezineqhwa. Leli qhwa likhiqiza ukubonakala lapho ilanga likhanya. Lolu ungqimba lwakhiwa lapho ilanga licibilikisa iqhwa elingaphezulu bese libuye liqinise. Lolu ungqimba oluncane lweqhwa luyadala i-greenhouse encane ngoba ibangela ukuthi izingqimba ezingezansi zincibilike.
I-Verglás
Ungqimba oluncane lweqhwa olusobala olukhiqizwa lapho amanzi eba yiqhwa phezu kwedwala. Iqhwa elenzayo liyashelela futhi lenza umqansa ube yingozi kakhulu.
Izikhala ze-Fusion
Yizimbotshana ezakhiwa ngenxa yokuncibilika kweqhwa kwezinye izindawo futhi zingafinyelela ekujuleni okuguquguqukayo kakhulu. Emaphethelweni emgodi ngamunye, ama-molecule wamanzi ayahwamuka futhi maphakathi nomgodi, amanzi abhajwe. Lokhu kwakha ungqimba luketshezi, oluthi nalo lubangele ukuncibilika kweqhwa eliningi.
I-Penitentes
Lezi zakhiwo zenzeka lapho i-fusion voids iba nkulu kakhulu. Ama-penitents yizinsika ezakhiwa ukusuka ezimpambanweni zemigodi eminingana. Amakholomu akhiwa athatha ukubonakala komuntu ophendukayo. Zenzeka ezindaweni ezinezandiso ezinkulu ezinokuphakama okuphezulu kanye nezindawo eziphansi. I-Penitentes ithuthukiswe kakhulu e-Andes nase-Himalaya, lapho ingakala khona ngaphezu kwemitha, okwenza ukuhamba kube nzima. Amakholomu ngokuvamile ancike elangeni lasemini.
Iziteshi zokuhambisa amanzi
Kwakhiwa lapho kuqala isikhathi sencibilikisi. Amanethiwekhi wamanzi akhiwa abangelwa ukugeleza kwamanzi. Ukugeleza kwangempela kwamanzi akwenzeki ngaphezulu, kodwa ngaphakathi kwengubo yeqhwa. Amanzi ashelela ngaphakathi kweqhwa bese ephelela kumanethiwekhi okuhambisa amanzi.
Iziteshi zokuhambisa amanzi zingadala ama-avalchi futhi zenze ukushushuluza kube nzima.
Izindunduma
Izindunduma zenziwa isenzo somoya ebusweni beqhwa. Iqhwa elomile lithatha amafomu okuguguleka ngamagagasi amancane kanye nokungajwayelekile.
Amakhona
Kuyizinqwaba zeqhwa emaphethelweni akha ubungozi obukhethekile, ngoba zilenga ukwakha isisindo esingazinzile esingavinjelwa ukudlula kwabantu noma izimbangela zemvelo (isibonelo, umoya onamandla). Iyakwazi ukwakha ama-avalchi, yize ingozi yayo ikhona ngokuwa nje yodwa.
Ngalolu lwazi nakanjani uzokwazi ukwazi iqhwa ngokuphelele futhi uqaphele uhlobo lweqhwa elikhona ngaleso sikhathi ngokuzayo lapho uya endaweni eneqhwa.
