Ukufudumala kolwandle kunciphisa i-biomass yezinhlanzi ngamaphesenti angama-20 ngonyaka futhi kubeka engcupheni ukudoba kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukufudumala komhlaba wonke kushintsha ukuhlukaniswa kolwandle olujulile. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-IEO-CSIC lwembula izinguquko ezibalulekile ezidinga ukubuyekezwa kwamamodeli esimo sezulu.
Amagagasi okushisa abangela ukwanda kokushona, izingozi zasemsebenzini, kanye nezindleko kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Nansi indlela iSpain evumelana ngayo nezimo: ngamaphrojekthi amasha, izindlela zokuvimbela, kanye nokwanda kwezimali zomphakathi.
Isexwayiso ngokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle e-Colombian Pacific: izinsuku ezibalulekile, izindawo ezisengozini, ukuphakama okubikezelwe kanye nezincomo zokuphepha.
Ucwaningo lwembula ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwandise isiphepho se-DANA eValencia: indawo ethintekile ngo-55% kanti imvula enamandla ngo-20%.
Kungani uJanuwari waba nguJanuwari obanda kakhulu eYurophu kusukela ngo-2010 kuyilapho iplanethi iqophe omunye weJanuwari ofudumele kakhulu? Idatha, amamephu, nemiphumela eSpain.
UJanuwari wawubanda kakhulu eYurophu kusukela ngo-2010, kuyilapho iplanethi iqophe enye yeJanuwari efudumele kakhulu futhi yaqoqa izenzakalo ezimbi kakhulu kuzo zombili izingxenye zomhlaba.
IMedithera ibhekene nokushisa kwasolwandle okwephula irekhodi, futhi ukushisa okukhulu kusongela izigidigidi zabantu. Izici ezibalulekile zomthelela kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo eYurophu.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuthinta kanjani amadolobha kanye nempilo eSpain naseYurophu, futhi yiziphi izimpendulo ezinikezwayo ezivela ezinqubweni zomphakathi nezendawo?
Indlela ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu okuthinta ngayo impilo yengqondo: ukukhathazeka ngemvelo, ukuhlala wedwa, ukuhlukumezeka kanye nezihluthulelo ezisebenzayo zokubhekana nalolu sizi.
Igagasi lokushisa eChile: izifunda ezithintekile, izingozi zomlilo, umthelela empilweni nakwezolimo, kanye nezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuvimbela kanye nokuqapha.
Izinhlekelele zemvelo zabangela ukulahlekelwa okungu-224.000 billion futhi zahlasela iSpain neYurophu ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.
Unyaka ka-2025 ubekwe njengonyaka wesithathu ofudumele kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Idatha evela kuCopernicus kanye ne-ECMWF, amazinga okushisa aqopha umlando eYurophu naseSpain, futhi inethonya empilweni nasemililweni yasendle.
ISivumelwano Solwandle siyaqala ukusebenza: ukuthi sivikela kanjani izilwandle eziphakeme, yiziphi izinguquko eSpain nase-EU, nokuthi kusho ukuthini izindawo ezintsha ezivikelwe olwandle.
Kwenzekeni ngemililo e-Ourense, yiluphi usizo olutholakalayo, amahlathi alungiswa kanjani, futhi lokhu kuthinta kanjani izindawo zasemaphandleni kanye nokufuywa kwemfuyo esifundazweni?
Ihhovisi Lomshushisi Womphakathi lizophenya ngokuhlukunyezwa kwezazi zezulu kanye nabahlaziyi besimo sezulu kulandela incwadi evela kuHulumeni exwayisa ngemikhankaso yenzondo kanye nokuphika ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
Izilwandle ziphula amarekhodi okushisa, zisheshisa ukunyuka kwezinga lolwandle kanye nezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Idatha ebalulekile, izifunda ezithinteke kakhulu, kanye nemiphumela yesimo sezulu.
Kungani u-2025 ubhekwa njengonyaka oshisa kakhulu kunayo yonke emlandweni? Imininingwane evela eYurophu nase-UK, amarekhodi, amaza okushisa, kanye nemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ichaziwe.
Ukuqagela kwesimo sezulu kubeka u-2026 phakathi kweminyaka eshisa kakhulu emlandweni, okubeka ingcindezi emigomweni yeSivumelwano saseParis. Lokhu kusho ukuthini eYurophu naseSpain?
Ungqimba lwe-ozone luyalulama futhi umgodi uyancipha, kodwa izifundo zixwayisa ngomthelela walo ekufudumaleni komhlaba. Izici ezibalulekile zalolu shintsho lwesimo sezulu.
Imibono ewusizo yeKhisimusi esimeme: imihlobiso, izipho, ukudla kanye nemfucuza ongayijabulela ngenkathi unakekela iplanethi.
Kuyini ubuntatheli bezemvelo, kwavela kanjani, futhi kungani kuyisihluthulelo sokuqonda isimo sezulu samanje kanye nenkinga yezemvelo?
Isitshalo se-biomass saseLogrosán sesivele sinikeza amandla avuselelekayo, sivimbela ukukhishwa kwe-CO2, sidala imisebenzi yasemakhaya, futhi sinciphisa ingozi yomlilo ezindaweni ezizungezile.
Izinga lokushisa lolwandle eMar del Plata lilinganiselwa ku-17,5°C ngoNovemba, kanti amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezinsuku ezingaphezu kwezijwayelekile. Idatha ebalulekile kanye nomthelela wayo.
ISpain ibhekene namagagasi okushisa aphula irekhodi futhi isheshisa ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokukhosela isimo sezulu, izindawo ezimanzi zasemadolobheni, kanye nezinyathelo zomphakathi zokuvikela abantu abasengozini kakhulu.
Thola ukuthi kungani umoya eTanzania ungcoliswe kangaka, imiphumela yawo empilweni, kanye nezihluthulelo zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomoya ezweni.
Thola ukuthi iNamibia ilwa kanjani nokungcoliswa komoya, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi, kanye nokutshala imali emandleni ahlanzekile kanye nentuthuko esimeme.
Unyaka ka-2025 ubonakala ungomunye weminyaka efudumele kakhulu emlandweni. Izici ezibalulekile ngemuva kwerekhodi, izingozi zeSpain, kanye nendima yeSivumelwano saseParis.
I-Amazon ingena esimweni sezulu esishisayo esinokushisa okwengeziwe nesomiso, okwandisa ukufa kwezihlahla futhi kubeke engozini enkulu yokucwila kwekhabhoni.
Zitholele ukuthi ukufa ukushisa kuyiqede kanjani iqhwa le-Trasllambrión futhi kusheshisa ukuphela kwezinguzunga zeqhwa zokugcina zase-Spain.
Zitholele ukuthi isayensi iyifunda kanjani imifula: i-meander, ikhabhoni, i-biodiversity, izikhukhula, namaphrojekthi esayensi yezakhamizi azivikelayo.
I-Balearic Sea ibhekene namazinga okushisa arekhodiwe kanye namagagasi okushisa olwandle. Thola ukuthi kwenzakalani nokuthi kuyithinta kanjani iMedithera.
Cishe ishumi leminyaka ledatha yesathelayithi ibonisa ukuthi izinguzunga zeqhwa zishesha kanjani nokuthi lokhu kuvezani mayelana nokuba sengozini kwazo ekufudumaleni komhlaba.
Thola ukuthi iSpain inamahlathi angakanani, ikhule kanjani, izinsongo zayo kanye nezinselelo zokuzuza amahlathi anempilo naphethwe kahle.
I-La Palma ilungiselela ukukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle ngezifundo, ama-dikes kanye nezinhlelo zokuzijwayeza e-Tazacorte nase-Santa Cruz de La Palma.
I-CIUDEN izokwakha imboni yokuhlola ye-SAF kanye namafutha okwenziwa e-El Bierzo ngemali yase-Europe, okuyisihluthulelo sokuqeda i-carbonation yezindiza nezokuthutha ezinzima.
Lokho okwanqunywa yi-COP30 e-Belém ngempela: izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi eziphuma embhalweni, ukuxhaswa okwengeziwe kwesimo sezulu kanye ne-ajenda entsha yoshintsho.
Imbobo ye-ozone yango-2025 ingeyesihlanu encane kakhulu kusukela ngo-1992. Idatha ye-NASA ne-NOAA namathemba okuthola kabusha kuze kufike kuma-2060s.
Iyini i-peat: yakha kanjani, izinhlobo, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nomthelela wayo. Amaqiniso abalulekile nezinye izindlela ezisimeme zichazwe ngokucacile.
Umhlahlandlela ophelele wohlaka lomthetho, ukusetshenziswa, imililo kanye nezinzuzo ekuphathweni kwamahlathi okusimeme eCastilla-La Mancha.
Yiziphi izimiso zemvelo zamanzi ahlanzekile? Izinhlobo, izibonelo, nezinsongo. Amasu abalulekile okulondoloza kanye nokuqapha achazwe ngokucacile.
I-Iceland inyusa i-AMOC yayo engozini kazwelonke. Imithelela eYurophu naseSpain: lokho okushiwo yisayensi nokuthi ohulumeni balungiselela kanjani ukuba buthaka kwayo.
Amagagasi angaphakathi ngaphansi kweqhwa ayasheshisa ukuncibilika eGreenland futhi anda nezingozi eYurophu. Okutholakele okubalulekile kanye nomthelela wakho emazingeni olwandle.
I-Valencia ibhekene nehlobo cishe elihlala njalo: okutholakele okubalulekile ocwaningweni lwe-UPV, ubungozi bezempilo kanye nezinyathelo eziphuthumayo ezidingekayo lapho kubhekene nokushisa okukhulu.
I-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) ithole i-PFAS emanzini ase-Antarctic ethuthwa ngama-aerosol. Idatha eqhathaniswa ne-North Atlantic ibangele impikiswano yokulawula e-EU.
I-COP30 e-Belém: lokho okuxoxiswana ngakho, isikhundla se-EU kanye neqhaza laseSpain, kugxilwe e-Amazon kanye nesimo esiphuthumayo sezulu.
I-CASCV iqinisekisa amaprotheni amasha ukuze ahlele izitshalo futhi athuthukise izitshalo ngokumelene nezinambuzane nesomiso Emphakathini WaseValencian ngosekelo lwe-UA ne-UPV.
Yayiyini I-Glacial Maximum Yokugcina, amazinga olwandle ehla futhi aguqula kanjani iplanethi? Ukulandelana kwezenzakalo, ubufakazi, nemiphumela kuchazwe ngokucacile.
Ukushisa okwedlulele kwandisa ukufa okuvela enhliziyweni, ukuphefumula, nezinso. Amaqiniso abalulekile kanye nezinyathelo zokunciphisa ubungozi.
I-CO2 ipholisa i-ionosphere futhi idale izendlalelo eziphazamisa umsakazo nezimpawu zesathelayithi. Umthelela eSpain naseYurophu kanye nezinyathelo zokuwulindela.
I-12% kuphela yezaziso ze-methane ezingu-3.500 ezithola impendulo. IMadrid iphenya ukuvuza eValdemingómez nasePinto. Amaphuzu abalulekile e-EU kanye nalokho okusamele kwenziwe.
Amazinga e-ozone aphula amarekhodi eSpain ngenxa yamagagasi okushisa. Bona izibalo, izindawo ezithintekile, nezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuvikela impilo yakho.
I-WMO ibika ukwanda okukhulu kwe-CO2 okwake kukalwa: 423,9 ppm kanye +3,5 ppm. Izimbangela, ubungozi, nokuthi kusho ukuthini ngesimo sezulu.
Ukuthobela Isivumelwano SaseParis kuzonciphisa inani lezinsuku zokushisa okukhulu ngama-57. Ingozi iyaqhubeka, futhi izinyathelo zokuvelela ezengeziwe ziyadingeka ngokushesha. Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde amaqiniso.
Ucwaningo lwamazwe ngamazwe lubonisa ukuthi isomiso esibi kakhulu siphinda kabili ukulahlekelwa umkhiqizo ezindaweni ezinotshani nasezihlahleni, okwenza buthakathaka indima yazo njengoba i-CO2 icwila.
Umbiko wamazwe ngamazwe uqinisekisa ukuwa kokusebenza kwezixhobo zamakhorali ngenxa yokushisa kolwandle futhi uxwayisa ngemithelela ekudobeni, ezokuvakasha, nasezigwini.
Isathelayithi ithola ukuvuza okukhulu kwe-methane e-Maipú: 2 t/h; ukuhlolwa kanye nesikhalo esifakwe ku-SMA. Umthelela, ubungozi, nezinyathelo ziyaqhubeka.
Ukuvakashelwa nabashayeli bezindiza eCanfranc, Biescas, naseNay babonisa indlela amaPyrenees angavumelana ngayo nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Isabelomali se-LIFE kanye nomgwaqo we-EPiCC.
Izinguzunga zeqhwa zaseSwitzerland zilahlekelwa u-3% wevolumu yazo: izimbangela, izibalo ze-GLAMOS, nemiphumela yamandla, amanzi, nokuphepha. Bona amaqiniso ayisihluthulelo.
Indlela amaza okushisa ayithinta ngayo i-rainbow trout nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ezidingekayo ukuze kuvikelwe i-aquaculture, ngedatha yomhlaba wangempela evela ku-Castile ne-León.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunciphisa ukugeleza kwemifula futhi kwenza isomiso sibe sibi kakhulu e-Amazon. Imithelela, idatha ebalulekile, nezixazululo zokuvimbela ushintsho olungahlehliseki.
I-UNESCO ihlanganisa izindawo ezingama-26 ze-biosphere emazweni angama-21: i-Raja Ampat, i-Snæfellnes, ne-Quiçama igqamile. Uhlelo lweminyaka eyi-10 kanye namazwe afakiwe.
I-Aragon ixhumanisa i-EFHERA: € 1,4 million ukubuyisela amahlathi ngemva kokusha ngeplathifomu yedijithali namaphrojekthi wokuhlola eSpain, France, nasePortugal.
Ucwaningo luyabaza izindonga ezingaphansi kwamanzi ukuthi zinciphisa ukuncibilika kweqhwa ngenxa yemithelela yemvelo, izindleko, nokungaqiniseki. Bangakwazi yini ukusebenza ngaphandle kokulimaza ulwandle?
ISpain ithwala izindleko ezinkulu kakhulu e-EU ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu: 12.200 billion ngo-2025 kanye nezigidigidi ezingama-34.800 esikhathini esimaphakathi. Okutholakele okubalulekile ocwaningweni lweMannheim-ECB.
Ukushisa okudlulele kuhlotshaniswa nokukhula kokukhula kwezinto eziphilayo. Okushiwo ucwaningo, ngubani othinteka kakhulu, nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani ekhaya nasemsebenzini.
I-AEMET iqinisekisa u-August oshisa kakhulu kunawo wonke: amagagasi okushisa, ubusuku obushisayo, nemililo yequbula. Idatha, imiphumela, nokuthi yini ongayilindela manje.
I-El Bosque (Tabasco) ithutha ngemva kokulahlekelwa i-1,5 km yogu. Izimbangela, ukusabela, kanye nalokho imindeni yabo ekucelayo lapho ibhekene nenkinga yesimo sezulu.
I-PLT Energia ithola ipulazi lelanga elingu-50 MW eSicily kwa-X-Elio; 92 GWh ngonyaka futhi ihlela ukwandisa amandla avuselelekayo e-Italy.
I-WWA ibeka ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke ekukhuphukeni okuphindwe ka-40 kumathuba ezimo ezibhebhezele imililo yequbula emikhulu eSpain nasePortugal, ngamagagasi okushisa ashubile.
Ukhula lwasolwandle ekudleni kwezinkomo lunciphisa i-methane ngama-40% ezivivinyweni. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko, izindlela, imithamo echazwe.
I-AMOC ingabhidlika ngemva kuka-2100. Ingozi ephezulu, imithelela eYurophu nasezimvula ezishisayo. Yilokhu okunikezwa amamodeli anwetshiwe nokubhekwa.
I-ANLA igunyaza ama-viaducts amabili avimbela ukuguguleka e-Ciénaga, e-Barranquilla. Imisebenzi yesikhashana, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nezinyathelo zemvelo: konke odinga ukukwazi.
Imililo ilimaza iziqiwi eziyisithupha zase-Asturian. Izinyathelo nezinhlobo ezisengozini e-Spain's Biosphere Reserves.
Izibungu zomiyane we-Tiger ziqinisekisiwe e-Mos (Torroso). Izicupho, amathiphu okugwema amasayithi okuzalanisa, kanye nenketho yokwamukela izaziso ngohlelo lokusebenza Lwezaziso Zomiyane.
Ukukhuphuka kwe-jellyfish ethosiwe eqanda e-Andalusia: kungani ivela, noma ngabe iyaluma, nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ogwini. Amathiphu kanye nemephu yokubona.
Intuthu yomlilo wasendle: izindawo ezithintekile, ikhwalithi yomoya, namathiphu okuzivikela. Bona amamephu, ukulandelela, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze phakathi nomcimbi.
Izingxoxo ze-UN ziphela ngaphandle kwesivumelwano. Bafuna ukusikwa kokukhiqizwa kanye nokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi esivumelwaneni esibophezelayo.
I-NGO inxusa imikhawulo yethrafikhi, ukwanda kwezindawo eziluhlaza, kanye nezikhuthazo zokuhamba ngokuphendula igagasi lokushisa kanye nama-ozone spikes eMadrid. Idatha, ubungozi, nezilinganiso.
Ukuhlehla kweqhwa e-Antarctica kuholele ekuhlonzweni kukaDennis Bell ngemuva kweminyaka engama-66. Izihluthulelo zokutholwa, i-DNA, nokusabela kwe-BAS.
Isomiso, ubuthi, nomkhuhlane wezinyoni: yile ndlela izilwane zasendle ezivikelwa ngayo ngezinyathelo zangempela e-Albacete, Granada, Bizkaia, nase-El Masnou.
I-Valladolid inweba Isimo 1 izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye ngenxa ye-ozone nothuli lwaseSahara. Bona isibikezelo, ubungozi, nezincomo.
Uhlolojikelele lwe-Atacama: CEME 1, izindawo zokulahla izindwangu, ugwadule oluqhakazayo, nonogwaja waseYurophu. Izinsuku, amaqiniso, namaphuzu abalulekile okuqonda ukuthi kwenzakalani.
UPerito Moreno ulahlekelwe ngamamitha angama-800 kusukela ngo-2019 futhi wehla ngesisindo esiphindwe izikhathi eziyi-16; ucwaningo luxwayisa ngengozi yokuwa uma elahlekelwa ukwesekwa kwakhe okuyisisekelo.
Izexwayiso ze-ozone eMadrid, i-Valladolid, i-Vic, ne-Soria: amazinga, imikhawulo, nezinyathelo zokuvikela impilo. Bona idatha ebuyekeziwe nezincomo.
Ukusha kwe-Requeixo e-Chandrexa de Queixa: amahektha angaphezu kuka-300 nokuboniswa okuhle. Ukushisa okudlulele kanye ne-orography kwenza ukulawula kube nzima. Umzuzu wokugcina womlilo.
I-WMO ixwayisa ngokuthi ukuncibilika kweqhwa selivele lilingana neminyaka engama-31 yamanzi okuphuza. Imithelela, izexwayiso zangaphambi kwesikhathi, nokubambisana okuphuthumayo.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuguqula i-Tamaulipas: isomiso, imvula enamandla kakhulu, nezinselelo zempilo nezolimo.
Umthelela kanye nesibuyekezo emlilweni wehlathi e-Tarifa: ukukhishwa kwabantu, ukuvalwa kwemigwaqo, nemisebenzi etshaliwe endaweni.
Konke mayelana namandla omoya asogwini lolwandle: imithethonqubo, izinzuzo, ukuthi ahlangana kanjani nokudoba, kanye nezinto ezintsha zakamuva eYurophu naseSpain.
Amagagasi okushisa olwandle aphula amarekhodi, asongela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo futhi aphazamisa isimo sezulu somhlaba. Thola izimbangela nemiphumela yala magagasi olwandle.
Izinhlelo zokuhlenga umfula kanye nokuvuselela eMexico City: funda ukwenza kusebenze izindawo eziluhlaza futhi uthuthukise imiphakathi.
Inkinga yesimo sezulu, ulwazi olunganembile, ukudla okubizayo, nokushintsha kwezenhlalo: izinga langempela lokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Konke mayelana nokufinyelela e-Mount Teide: ukubhuka, ukuphepha komkhondo, nezinyathelo zokuphepha komlilo. Thola ulwazi ngaphambi kokuvakasha kwakho futhi ujabulele ukufinyelela okuphephile.
Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuwathinta kanjani amanzi, izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nezolimo? Idatha yakamuva, izinselele, nezixazululo eziqhubekayo.
Izibuyekezo kwabaphathi bezemvelo: imithetho emisha, unswinyo, izivumelwano, nobuholi besifunda. Funda mayelana nezinguquko zakamuva.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwakamuva kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo: amaphrojekthi wokufakwa, ubuchwepheshe be-LED, nokuqeqeshwa kwedijithali eSpain.
Ubuwazi ukuthi izingwadule ziphethe amandla ayingqayizivele namathuba amasiko? Zitholele futhi umangale.
IYurophu ibhekene nokwehla okungokomlando kwamandla ayo amahlathi okumunca ikhabhoni. Sihlaziya izimbangela, ubungozi, nezisombululo.
Kungani iMedithera ishisa futhi iziqiwu ezintsha zasolwandle ziyithinta kanjani? Thola futhi uqonde izinselele ezibhekene nolwandle.
