Kusayensi kunezimiso eziningi ezisebenza ukuchaza ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Enye yalezi zimiso ezaziwa kakhulu yi- Isimiso sikaPascal. Kungumthetho wemvelo ochaza ukuthi ingcindezi iziphatha kanjani emanzini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi zingaki izinto ezisebenzayo ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke, njengamabhuleki emoto noma i-hydraulic system ye-crane nezinye izinto ezisebenza ngoketshezi, ikakhulukazi ezimeni ezibandakanya Isimiso sikaPascal kanye nokusetshenziswa kwaso.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nomgomo kaPascal, ukubaluleka kwawo, kanye nentuthuko yesayensi.
Isimiso sikaPascal
Umgomo kaPascal usitshela ukuthi uma sisebenzisa ingcindezi endaweni yoketshezi oluvalekile, leyo ngcindezi izodluliselwa ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi nakuwo wonke uketshezi. Okusho ukuthi, uma sicindezela uketshezi ekugcineni kwesitsha esivaliwe, amandla afanayo azosatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izingxenye zoketshezi nakuzo zonke izindonga zesitsha.
Ngokwesibonelo, ake ucabange unebhaluni eligcwele amanzi. Uma uyikhama ekugcineni, ingcindezi izodluliswa emanzini futhi ibhaluni liyokhubazeka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Uma ucindezela kakhulu, ukubola kuzoba kukhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanzi awuketshezi futhi alandela isimiso sikaPascal. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokubuka lesi simiso sisebenza, ngale kwesibonelo esilula sebhaluni.
Lo mthetho nawo ubaluleke kakhulu kwezobunjiniyela, kusukela ikuvumela ukuthi udale amasistimu we-hydraulic angadlulisela amandla amakhulu namandla ngomzamo omncane kakhulu. Isibonelo, ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic luka-crane, uketshezi lusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla ukusuka enjini kuya engalweni ye-crane, okuvumela izinto ezisindayo ukuthi ziphakanyiswe kalula. Ngalo mqondo, i- Isimiso sikaPascal Kubonakala ngezicelo eziningi embonini.
Isicelo
Isimiso sikaPascal sisebenza kumadivayisi adinga ukusebenzisa amandla amancane noma akhululekile ukuze athole imiphumela eqinile. Isibonelo, isibonelo esivame kakhulu somgomo kaPascal yisimiso semishini yokucindezela i-hydraulic, kodwa singabala futhi imoto ye-hydraulic brake, okokuphakamisa imithwalo, ujeke wehydraulic, isiteringi samandla semoto ngisho nesihlalo sikadokotela wamazinyo. Isimiso sikaPascal sibaluleke kakhulu esifundweni se-hydrostatics, esihlobene nokuziphatha koketshezi lapho kuphumula.
I-Hydrostatics iyigatsha le-fluid mechanics, futhi ifunda uketshezi lapho uphumule kanye nengcindezi ekhona kubo. I-Hydrostatics ibaluleke kakhulu kwezobunjiniyela futhi isetshenziselwa ukugcinwa, ukuthutha, kanye nokusetshenziswa koketshezi emisebenzini ehlukahlukene ngokusekelwe kumfutho owuketshezi.
Izibonelo zesimiso sikaPascal
Cindezela umfutholuketshezi
Isimiso sikaPascal Isetshenziswa kakhulu emshinini wokunyathelisa we-hydraulic. I-hydraulic press umshini osetshenziselwa ukufaka amandla amakhulu entweni, njengeshidi lensimbi noma ibhulokhi yokhuni. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa uketshezi oludluliselwa ngohlelo lwamapayipi.
I-hydraulic press isebenza ngenxa yesimiso sikaPascal, esithi ingcindezi idluliselwa ngokufanayo oketshezini. Umshini wokunyathelisa unamapiston amabili, elilodwa elincane nelilodwa elikhulu, axhunywe ngeshubhu eligcwele uketshezi, njengamafutha noma amanzi. Lapho sisebenzisa amandla ku-piston encane, kukhiqizwa ingcindezi edluliselwa kulo lonke uketshezi futhi ifinyelele ku-piston enkulu.
Njengoba i-piston enkulu inendawo enkulu kunepiston encane, amandla asetshenziswa ku-piston encane aphindaphindeka ku-piston enkulu. Isibonelo, uma i-piston enkulu inendawo engaphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-10 kunepiston encane, amandla asetshenziswa ku-piston encane azophindaphindwa ngo-10 ku-piston enkulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi singasebenzisa amandla amakhulu kakhulu entweni sisebenzisa umshini wokunyathelisa odonsa amanzi kunamandla ethu siqu.
Imishini yokunyathelisa ye-Hydraulic isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi ezifana ukwenziwa kwezingxenye zensimbi, ukulungiswa kwenjini kanye nokucindezelwa kwezinto zokwakha. Ukwengeza, ziwusizo kakhulu ezimweni lapho inani elikhulu lamandla lidinga ukusetshenziswa ngokunembile, njengoba singakwazi ukulawula inani lokucindezela elisetshenziswa entweni. Lolu hlobo lwemishini luyisibonelo esicacile sendlela Isimiso sikaPascal Isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
Ijekhi yeHydraulic
Isimiso sikaPascal kusebenza futhi kumajekhi we-hydraulic, ithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu lokuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo, njengemoto. Ujeke wehydraulic wakhiwe ngamasilinda amabili axhunywe ngeshubhu eligcwele uketshezi. Elinye lamasilinda likhulu futhi lixhunywe endaweni eyisicaba lapho into ezophakanyiswa ihlezi khona, kanti enye incane futhi ixhunywe ku-crank esetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa amandla.
Lapho kusetshenziswa amandla ku-crank, kukhiqizwa umfutho oketshezini oludluliselwa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke uhlelo lwamanzi, okuhlanganisa nesilinda esikhulu esisekela into ezophakanyiswa. Amandla asetshenziswa kusilinda esincane aphindaphindeka kusilinda esikhulu ngenxa yokuhluka kosayizi phakathi kwamasilinda amabili, okuvumela izinto ezisinda kakhulu ukuthi ziphakanyiswe kalula.
Umgomo kaPascal usetshenziswa ku-hydraulic jack ngendlela efanayo nakuma-hydraulic press, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingcindezi idluliselwa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke uhlelo lwe-hydraulic nokuthi amandla aphindaphindeka kusilinda esikhulu sokuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo. Leli thuluzi liyisibonelo esicacile sokusebenza kwe- Isimiso sikaPascal.
Amajekhi angamaHydraulic awusizo kakhulu embonini yezimoto, njengoba avumela ukuthi imoto iphakanyiswe ukuze ilungiswe futhi ilungiswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziwusizo kakhulu kweminye imisebenzi edinga ukukhushulwa kanzima, njengokwakha.
Amafomula
Njengoba kulindelekile, inkosana kaPascal kufanele ibalwe kusetshenziswa amafomula ezibalo. Ukubala ingcindezi oketshezini oludluliswa nge-hydraulic system, kusetshenziswa ifomula P = F/A, lapho u-P eyingcindezi, u-F engamandla asetshenziswayo, futhi u-A indawo yendawo lapho kusetshenziswa khona amandla.. Le fomula isivumela ukubala ingcindezi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic.
Enye ifomula ebalulekile ehlobene nesimiso sikaPascal umthetho wokongiwa kwamandla. Lo mthetho usungula ukuthi amandla aphelele ohlelweni oluvaliwe agcinwe, okungukuthi, amandla angeke adalwe noma abhujiswe, angaguqulwa kuphela.
Kusistimu ye-hydraulic, amandla ayalondolozwa njengoba amandla asetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa asakazwa ngoketshezi futhi iguqulwa ibe amandla kwenye indawo ohlelweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla asetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic alingana namandla atholakala kwelinye iphuzu.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungakwazi ukwazi okwengeziwe ngesimiso sePascal nezici zayo.