Esinye sezimo zezulu esikhona emhlabeni esinezimo ezimbi kakhulu yi isimo sezulu sasogwadule. Kubonakala ikakhulu ngokuba nengxenye enkulu yesomiso okubangelwa ukushoda kwemvula yaminyaka yonke. Luhlobo lwesimo sezulu lapho inqubo ye-evapotranspiration namazinga okushisa aphezulu abusa khona. Lezi zinhlelo zemvelo sezakhiwe eminyakeni edlule ngezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene eziye zakha lezi zici ezihlukile.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke Izimpawu, imvelaphi nokubaluleka kwesimo sezulu sasogwadule.
Isimo sezulu sasehlane
Esimweni sezulu esisehlane, inqubo ye-evapotranspiration iyabusa. Ukulahleka komswakama okwenziwe endaweni ethile ngenxa yokuhwamuka okuqondile okubangelwa yimisebe yelanga nokwanda kwamazinga okushisa. Kulokhu kwanezelwa ukujuluka okuncane okukhona okuvela emanzini ezitshalo. Isimo se-evapotranspiration senza ukuthi inani lemvula lihlale ku- inani eliphansi kakhulu unyaka wonke. Amanani ahlala kuma-250 mm ngonyaka. Lesi yisibalo esintuleka kakhulu, esibonisa ukuntuleka kwezimila nomswakama endaweni. Enye yezindawo ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni njengesibonelo sesimo sezulu sasogwadule iSahara Desert, a. isibonelo esiphawulekayo.
Le nqubo ye-evapotranspiration nayo yenzeka ngenxa yokuhlelwa kokukhululeka. Kungenzeka ukuthi izingwadule ezithile eziseduze namaza olwandle abandayo zikhawulela noma zivimbele ukuhwamuka, ngaleyo ndlela kube nomthelela omubi kumazinga womswakamo. Izinto esizibalulile yilezo ezikhiqiza imvelo eyaziwa ngokuthi izingwadule zasogwini.
Isimo sezulu sasogwadule ngokuvamile sibonakala ngokuba seduze kwendawo eshisayo. Ububanzi lapho kutholakala khona izingwadule eziningi cishe bungaba ngu-15 no-35 degrees. Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo, kunezibonelo zazo zombili izitshalo nezilwane ezikwazile ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezimbi kakhulu ezikhona. Lezi zinhlobo ziye zahlakulela ukujwayela le ndlela yokuphila phakathi nezinkulungwane zeminyaka ngenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kuye kwadingeka bazivumelanise nezimo ngokwakha izici ezithile ukuze balwe nokuntuleka kwamanzi nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
Uma sibhekisela kwezinye izingwadule, singazihlanganisa nenani elikhulu lesihlabathi namazinga okushisa ashisa kakhulu. Nokho, isimo sezulu esigwadule isimo sezulu esomile singakhula kahle e-Antarctica nasenyakatho ye-arctic. Futhi ukuthi isimo sezulu sasogwadule asigcini ngokugoqelwa ogwadule, kepha futhi sincike kakhulu kumswakama.
Izici eziyinhloko
Lolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu lungenzeka ezindaweni ezibandayo njengoba luthola umswakama omncane futhi luwa njengeqhwa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imvula kulezi zimo zezulu iyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, yingakho iziveza ngendlela yokuduma kwezulu. Ngemva kwenqubo yezulu kwenzeka, imifudlana nenhlabathi zigcwala ngamanzi njengoba zingenako ukungena okuningi. Yilapho ukugeleza kwamanzi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusabalaliseni kwamanzi. Lezi zimvula zithatha amahora ambalwa kuphela, futhi okufanayo kuya ngokugeleza kwamanzi. Uma kubhekwa amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nohlobo lomhlabathi, amanzi ajwayele ukuhwamuka kalula.
Phakathi kwezinto ezenza isimo sezulu sasogwadule sigqame ukungabi bikho komswakama. Yisici esigqama kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu. Ukoma into yokuqala oyitholayo kulezi zindawo. Akukhona nje ukuthi inhlabathi yomile kakhulu, kodwa nomoya nawo womile. Izifunda eziningi ezinesimo sezulu esiwugwadule zinephesenti eliphezulu lokuhwamuka kunezulu. Konke lokhu kuholela ekulahlekeni kwenetha komswakama. Kwezinye izingwadule ezishisayo, imvula iyakwazi ukuhwamuka ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele phansi. Kodwa-ke, lapho ezinye iziqephu zemvula enamandla kakhulu zenzeka, zivame ukudala ukuqhuma kokuphila kwezitshalo nezilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ezinye izindawo eziwugwadule zingabhekwa njengezingahlali ndawo ngokuphelele.
Ukushisa namakhaza ezinye izici ezimbili ezenza isimo sezulu sogwadule sigqame. Nakuba ezinye izingwadule zihlala zifudumele unyaka wonke, ezinye izindawo ezomile ziba nobusika obubandayo kanye nehlobo elishisayo. Kukhona nezingwadule ezinokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kwansuku zonke phakathi kwemini nobusuku. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, amazinga okushisa asebusika atholakala kulezi zindawo awasondeli ngisho nasemakhazeni. Ngakho-ke, noma kunobusuku obubandayo, njengoba zingekho izimila ezigcina ukushisa okutholwe emini, amanani aphansi kangako awabhalwa.
Esimweni sakho konke lokhu, isihambi esingakulungele ukuzibeka esimweni sezulu esomile, njengoba singase siphathwe yi-heatstroke emini noma sibulawe yi-hypothermia ebusuku.
Izici zesimo sezulu sasehlane
Kulolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu ukuhwamuka kukhulu kunemvula. Izinga lokuhwamuka linenani eliphezulu kunalelo lemvula. Yilokhu okwenza inhlabathi ingavumeli ukukhula kwezitshalo. Ezingxenyeni ezithile zeMpumalanga Ephakathi, banesilinganiso semvula esingamasentimitha angu-20 ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, inani lokuhwamuka lidlula amasentimitha angama-200. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinga lokuhwamuka lifika ngokuphindwe ka-10 kunezinga lemvula. Ngenxa yalokhu, umswakama we-ambient uphansi kakhulu.
Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile kulezi zindawo ezomile lingu-18 degrees. Leli nani lokushisa lishintsha amahora angu-24 ngosuku. Ungathola amanani afinyelela kuma-degree angama-30. Konke ukukhishwa ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yokushoda kwezimila ezingalawula amazinga okushisa kahle. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi ishisa kakhulu emini futhi ibanda kakhulu ebusuku.
Mayelana nemvula, ayitholakali nje kuphela kodwa futhi ayijwayelekile kakhulu. Sonke lesi simo singenxa yethonya eliqhubekayo lalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-anticyclone ashisayo. Ezindaweni ezisagwadule kakhulu, banezinyanga zesomiso, kodwa futhi banezinyanga ezinemvula. Ezingwadule, zonke izinyanga zonyaka zihlala zomile. Ukuna, uma kwenzeka, kwenzeka njengezimvula ezinkulu. Lamanzi avamise ukondla imifula yasogwadule eyaziwa ngegama le-wadis. Nakuba imvula ina kakhulu, nakuba ifushane, ayifiki olwandle, njengoba yoma ngaphambi kokuba iqede uhambo lwayo. Ama-wadis ahlala omile isikhathi esiningi sonyaka.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesimo sezulu sasogwadule, salo izici kanye nalo ukubaluleka.