Umkhathi ozungeze iplanethi yethu awuzange ube nesakhiwo sawo samanje. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokubunjwa kweplanethi yethu, i isimo sokuqala Ukwakheka kwayo bekulokhu kushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuye ngezici zeplanethi nezimo zemvelo. Siyazi ukuthi umkhathi awulutho ngaphandle kongqimba lwamagesi azungeze indikimba yasezulwini futhi akhangwa kuwo amandla adonsela phansi. Zisisiza ukusivikela emisebeni yelanga e-ultraviolet, ukulawula izinga lokushisa, nokuvimbela ama- meteorite ukuba angangeni emhlabeni wethu.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngakho umkhathi wakudala kanye nokwakheka kwawo.
Isimo sokuqala
Sikhuluma ngeqoqo lamagesi azungeze iplanethi yethu, njengoba akhangwa isenzo samandla adonsela phansi. Kuwungqimba lwegesi lokho kusivikela elangeni nokuthi ngaphandle kwalo impilo ibingeke ikhule ngendlela esazi ngayo. Eplanethini yethu, umkhathi okwamanje uqukethe i-nitrogen, i-carbon dioxide, i-oxygen ne-argon. Ngokwezinga elincane, lakhiwa amanzi, akha amafu, nezinye izinhlanganisela ezinjengothuli, impova, izinsalela zokuphefumula, nokusabela komlilo. Siyazi ukuthi umkhathi wethu ungaphezu kwamagesi, uthuli namanzi. Ukube kulo mkhathi impilo eMhlabeni ibingeke yenzeke.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukusivikela emisebeni yelanga ye-ultraviolet nokulawula izinga lokushisa layo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusisiza ukuba sivimbele ama- meteorite amakhulu ukuthi angangeni emhlabeni wethu. Siyazi ukuthi akuwona wonke umkhathi wamaplanethi akha isimiso sonozungezilanga ezifanayo. Kukhona ezinye ezijulile, njengalezo zeSaturn, okuyinto Inamakhilomitha angama-30.000 ukusuka esisekelweni kuya esigabeni sokugcina. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iplanethi yethu incane ngokuphindwe kathathu, nokujula okungamakhilomitha angu-10.000. I ukwakheka komkhathi Iyathakazelisa futhi ngenxa yezingqimba zayo ezihlukene.
Izinhla zomkhathi
Iqiniso ukuthi umkhathi uchaza izimo eziningi zomhlaba esihlangana nazo. Zonke zihlukile. Umkhathi wethu unezendlalelo ezi-4 ezihlukile. Sine-troposphere, egcwele umoya-mpilo nomhwamuko wamanzi. Yilapho iningi lezimo zezulu esizaziyo zenzeka khona, okuhlanganisa imvula, umoya, neqhwa. Ukuze kufinyelelwe lokhu kuphakama ekupheleni kwe-troposphere, kudingeka indiza ekhethekile ekwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme.
Ungqimba lwesibili lomkhathi lwaziwa ngokuthi yi-stratosphere. Yindawo eyomile lapho zingekho khona izimo ze-meteorological. Izindiza azikwazi ukufika, ngoba awukho umoya owanele wokuziphilisa. Nokho, amabhaluni omoya oshisayo angafika. Balandelwa yi-mesosphere. Iwungqimba okudlula kulo izinkanyezi ezidubulayo. Uma sifuna ukubona abashushiswayo, kufanele sazi ukuthi badlula e-mesosphere. Zingama- meteoroid ahlakazekile esigabeni sokuqala somkhathi futhi adlula lapha.
I-thermosphere iyingqimba engaphambili yomkhathi womhlaba lapho izibani zasenyakatho zenzeka khona kanye ne-shuttles orbit. Ekugcineni, kukhona i-exosphere. Yilona, kanye nezinye izingqimba, ezivikela impilo yasemhlabeni. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko Iwukusivikela emisebeni ye-gamma evela elangeni.
Ukudalwa komoya wokuqala
Isimo sokuqala yadalwa cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-4.500 edlule. Inqubo yokwakheka komkhathi wakudala ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezi-4. Into yokuqala okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi bekungeyona indawo ekahle yokwakheka kokuphila. Iplanethi yethu yayingenayo le ndawo ekahle yokuthuthukiswa kokuphila. Umhlaba eminyakeni engu-4.500 edlule wawuyiplanethi esebenza ngokuma kwezwe. Kwakunezintaba-mlilo ezinkulu ezazinomthwalo wemfanelo wokudala umoya wakudala. Lo mkhathi wakhiwe umhwamuko wamanzi, i-carbon dioxide, isulfure ne-nitrogen. Kuleli qophelo ekubunjweni komkhathi wokuqala, umoya-mpilo wawungekho futhi izilwandle zazingekho.
Esigabeni sesibili sokubunjwa, siyabona ukuthi, njengoba iplanethi iphola, umhwamuko wamanzi wakwazi ukujiya, wakha ulwandle, njengoba lalina isikhathi eside. Njengoba amanzi ewa, i-carbon dioxide yasabela namadwala oqweqwe loMhlaba ukuze kwakheke ama-carbonates. Lawa ma carbonate abalulekile ekwakhekeni kwempilo kanye nezilwandle zibe nosawoti, njengoba kunjalo nanamuhla.
Isigaba sesithathu senzeka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-3.500 edlule. Yilapho amabhaktheriya, anamandla okwenza i-photosynthesis, avela khona. Okusho ukuthi, la magciwane ayakwazi ukukhiqiza umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo kwasiza ukuthuthukiswa kokuphila endaweni yasolwandle. Lapho umkhathi usunomoya-mpilo owanele, kwaqala isigaba sesine. Kulesi sigaba, sithola umkhathi kanye nesethi yezinto eziningi eziguquguqukayo zemvelo ezinesibopho sokudala izimo ezidingekayo zokuvela kwezinto eziphilayo ezinkulu. Kusukela kukho konke lokhu kwemvelo, izilwane ezikwazi ukuphefumula umoya ziyazalwa, zisho ukubaluleka i-Archean eon emlandweni woMhlaba.
Izinguquko ekubunjweni
Ukuqanjwa okuhlukile komkhathi wakudala kuye kwabusa emhlabeni wethu kuye ngesikhathi sokuma komhlaba esizithola sikuso. Sikhuluma ngokuqanjwa okuhlukayo emkhathini ngokuncipha kwephesenti lomoya-mpilo ngokulingana nawo wonke amanye amagesi. I-nitrogen ibilokhu ikhona, njengoba iyigesi ebhekwa njenge-inert, njengoba ingaphenduli noma kunzima kakhulu ukuba asabele.
Ngale ndlela, sakwazi ukufinyelela emkhathini wamanje, oqukethe amagesi adalwe esigabeni ngasinye esidlule esixoxile ngaso. La magesi agcinwa enyakaza njalo ngenxa yesenzo somoya nemvula. Amandla amakhulu omoya oshayelayo imisebe yelanga, ebangela izinguquko ekuminyana kwayo. Ngenxa yalokhu kuguquguquka komkhathi, abantu nezinye izinto eziphilayo ziyakwazi ukuphefumula. Ngaphandle kwala magesi, bekungeke kube khona ukuphila emhlabeni.