Lapho nje wonke umuntu esenakho lokhu imiphumela eshiywe yisiphepho uHarvey ngenkathi idlula eTexas, isiphepho esisha, sabhapathizwa ngegama lika U-Irma, uya eCaribbean. Ngethuba lokufinyelela nase-United States, Ngeyezivunguvungu ezaziwayo ezibizwa nge-"Cape Verde hurricane".
Lezi zinhlobo zeziphepho ziqanjwe kanjalo ngoba zakha empumalanga ekude ye-Atlantic, eduze neziQhingi zaseCape Verde. Ukuhamba ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic, iziphepho zaseCape Verde zivame ukugqama ngokuba ngezinye zeziphepho ezinkulu nezinamandla kakhulu. Izibonelo zalokhu zingatholakala ku-Hurricane Hugo, eyafinyelela isimo seSigaba 5 futhi yashiya umonakalo omkhulu ePuerto Rico, eSaint Croix, naseNingizimu Carolina ngo-1989. Esinye isibonelo yiSiphepho u-Ivan ngo-2004, esafinyelela isimo seSigaba 5, ngokuqina "okungakaze kube khona" ezindaweni eziphansi kanye nemimoya ephezulu ye-275 km / h.
I-Irma yisiphepho esingaba yingozi
Isiphepho u-Irma njengamanje
U-Irma uqanjwe njengesiphepho esishisayo ngoLwesithathu ekuseni. NgoLwesine ntambama, bese kuvele kube yisishingishane sohlobo lweCategory 3, esinemimoya engu-185km / h. Lokhu kuqiniswa okuqhumayo kwaziwa ngokuthi "ukukhuphuka okusheshayo.", njengoba kuchaziwe yi Isikhungo Seziphepho Sikazwelonke. Leli gama linikezwa lapho kukhona ukwanda kwesivinini somoya okungenani esingu-56km / h ngaphansi kwamahora angama-24.
Endabeni kaHarvey, sikwazi ukubona into efanayo. Kwakunokukhuphuka okusheshayo ngaphambi kokuwela phansi, ukuyikhuphukela esigabeni 4 lapho isondela ngaseCorpus Christi. Kodwa-ke, yize bekungalindelwa ukuthi ingaqina, bambalwa abebengathi izofinyelela ngamandla amakhulu phambilini, lapho bekulindelwe ukuthi ingafinyelela esigabeni 1, okungenani 2. Ngesinye isikhathi, izinto zomzuzu wokugcina zidala ushintsho olukhulu , zombili eziphephweni nakwezinye izimo zezulu.
Ku-Irma, izibikezelo zamanje nezisemthethweni ezivela ku-National Hurricane Centre zibonisa lokho izoqhubeka nokuqina njengoba uya entshonalanga ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ezilandelayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngoLwesibili, kube isiphepho seSigaba 4. Lesi sigaba, esikalini se-Saffir-Simpson, sihlanganisa isivinini somoya esiphakathi kuka-210 no-249 km/h (920 kanye no-944 mph), nengcindezi ephakathi nendawo ephakathi kuka-XNUMX no-XNUMX wamamilibari. Umonakalo ongase ube khona usabalele ezakhiweni zokuzivikela, ngokuwa kophahla ezakhiweni ezincane nezikhukhula ezingaphakathi nezwe, njengeHarvey, ebhekwa njengesinye seziphepho ezibhubhisa kakhulu.
Isibikezelo sika-Irma sangoLwesine olulandelayo usuku 7
IPuerto Rico iyazilungiselela
Yize kungenzeki ukwazi kahle ukuthi iSiphepho u-Irma sizofika ePuerto Rico, umasipala wesiqhingi waseCulebra usevele uyalungiselela, ecabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzeka. IMeya uWilliam Iván Solís uthe, «Asikwazi ukuthembana. Sinxusa abantu ukuthi bazilungiselele. Masingalindi kuze kube umzuzu wokugcina ». Imeya iphinde ikhombise ukuthi uma isiphepho sigcina sithinte iPuerto Rico, izindawo lapho kunezindawo zokuhlala zamapulangwe nezinc, kanye namakhaya angomahamba nendlwana, zizokhishwa.
Ngokucabangela izibikezelo zeNational Hurricane Center, U-Irma wayengadlula enyakatho yePuerto Rico phakathi koLwesithathu noLwesine wesonto elilandelayo "njengesiphepho esikhulu." Ngomoya ongaphezu kuka-178km / h lokho bekuzovele kube isigaba 3. "Ukuze inhlekelele ingenzeki, sizolungiselela njengoba silungiselela minyaka yonke", USolís ugwetshwe.
Ngubani oqamba iziphepho?
Unyaka ngamunye, kulungiselelwa uhlu olunamagama azotholwa yiziphepho phakathi nenkathi yonke. Lezi zinhlu, eziphindaphindwa njalo eminyakeni engu-6, zifaka phakathi igama lohlamvu ngalunye lwezinhlamvu zamagama (ngaphandle kwezinhlamvu u-Q, U, X, Y kanye no-Z) kanye namanye amagama abesilisa nabesifazane. Kulo nyaka, isibonelo, inkathi yesiphepho yaqala ngo-Arlene, ngo-Ephreli, eqala igama no-A. Harvey, okwakungu-H, uhlamvu olulandelayo lwaluyoba mina, ngakho-ke u-Irma olandelayo.
Lapho isiphepho sibhubhisa ikakhulukazi ezweni, igama laso liyasuswa kufakwe elinye ohlwini. Ngeke futhi igama lakhe lisetshenziswe iminyaka engu-10 ezayo ukugwema ukudideka. Ngale ndlela, ngokuqamba isiphepho, singatholakala ngokushesha futhi kalula ngesikhathi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, ungabheka isihloko esithi iziphepho ezibhubhisa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva ephinde inikeze ukuhlaziya komthelela wayo.
Lolu hlelo lwakhiwa ngo-1953 yiNational Hurricane Center, e-United States.
Sizobika noma yikuphi ukuvela kokuvela kuka-Irma.
