Muva nje, kukhulunywa kakhulu ngokuthi amazinga okushisa azoba njani ngo-2017. Kuthiwa futhi neminyaka ka-2016 no-2014 beyikhona ezishisayo kakhulu kusukela amazinga okushisa aqoshwa futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-2017 nayo izoshisa kakhulu, nakuba ingeyona eshisa kakhulu. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kungawathinta kanjani amaphethini okushisa ngokuzayo esihlokweni sethu esithi ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka.
Abantu abaningi bazozibuza ukuthi izazi zezulu zikwazi kanjani ukubikezela la mazinga okushisa uma zingakafiki. Wazi kanjani amazinga okushisa azoba ngo-2017 uma unyaka usanda kuqala?
Iminyaka efudumele kakhulu
Njengoba kunamarekhodi okushisa ngonyaka we-1880, iminyaka eyi-16 yale nkulungwane yesibili, aphakeme kakhulu. Ngonyaka odlule, bekungunyaka wesithathu kulandelana lapho kufinyelelwe khona irekhodi elisha lonyaka lokushisa komhlaba.
Impikiswano ngokubikezelwa kwesimo sezulu ivela kwizimo zezulu. Ngoba, ngaphandle kwamazinga okushisa aphakeme ngokungajwayelekile ake aqoshwa, kusekhona ukungabaza ngemvelaphi ye-anthropogenic yamazinga okushisa aphezulu nokushisa komhlaba. Umsuka wale mpikiswano uvela ukwehluleka kwezazi zezulu ukubikezela kahle isimo sezulu ezinsukwini ezintathu noma ezine. Lokhu bakuthatha njengobufakazi bokuthi ososayensi abakwazi ukubikezela isimo sezulu soMhlaba eminyakeni embalwa noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka kusukela manje. Lapha ungafunda kabanzi mayelana imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Uma lokhu kunjalo, kungani ososayensi beqiniseka ukuthi bangabikezela amazinga okushisa angaphezu kwesilinganiso kusasele izinyanga, futhi izibikezelo zesimo sezulu zihluke kanjani ezibikezelweni zesimo sezulu? Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo ku umehluko phakathi kwesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu.
Ukunyakaza okunomkhathi
Imvamisa, ukubikezela isimo sezulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambili, ukuvela kwe amaphethini wokucindezela ezinhlelweni zasemkhathini. Yize isibikezelo sezulu kusasele amasonto amabili sithuthuke kakhulu, ngoba izinhlelo zasemkhathini azihlali isikhathi eside, azinembe kangako.
Ukubikezela ukwakheka kwezinhlelo ezinengcindezi ephansi kunzima, njengoba ukunyakaza okungamakhilomitha angama-75 nje ukuya empumalanga noma entshonalanga yethrekhi yesibikezelo kungasho umehluko phakathi kwesiphepho esishisayo, isiphepho esinomoya kanye nemvula, noma i-alamu engamanga. Kwenzeka okufanayo ngeziphepho zasehlobo nokubikezela kwemvula. Ukuze uqonde kangcono umthelela wesimo sezulu ezifundeni zethu, kuyasiza ukufunda mayelana isimo sezulu eziqhingini zaseBalearic esikhathini esizayo.
Noma kunjalo, lokhu akusho lokho akufanele sincike ezixwayisweni ezinamandla zesiphepho kanye nezibikezelo zezulu.
Ukubikezela kwesimo sezulu
Ngokungafani nezibikezelo ezisekelwe ezinhlelweni zesimo sezulu, ukubikezela kwesimo sezulu okusekelwe kumazinga okushisa nemvula kusebenzisa idatha ehluke ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuhlobene nokuthi kanjani amafu akhiwa futhi abikezelwe.
Ukubikezela lezi zinto eziguquguqukayo zesimo sezulu kusasele izinyanga, iminyaka, noma amashumi eminyaka ngaphambili, zisuselwa ekwahlukaneni kwezilwandle, ukwehluka kwelanga, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, futhi-ke, nokwanda kokuhlushwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini. Lezi ziguquko ziyaguquka futhi zishintshe phakathi nezinyanga neminyaka, ngokungafani nezinhlelo zomkhathi, ezingashintsha endabeni yamahora noma izinsuku. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela indlela lezi zinguquko ezingaba nomthelela ngayo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, njengoba kushiwo esihlokweni sethu esithi imiphumela yesikhathi esizayo yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Isici esibalulekile esihluka kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuye onyakeni yisimo se I-El Niño. Ukufudumala ngezikhathi ezithile kwamazinga okushisa olwandle kulo lonke elasePacific elishisayo. Le phethini yokufudumala kolwandle kanye nemiphumela yako ehlobene emkhathini inethonya elinamandla ngale kwezindawo ezishisayo ezingabalelwa ekubikezelweni kwesimo sezulu. Lesi simo singabuye sihlobane Ukuqhuma kwentabamlilo esikhathini esizayo esifudumele.
Izici zomuntu nezemvelo
Ngaphezu kwemiphumela yolwandle nemizimba yamanzi, ezinye izinto zemvelo ezifana nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ziyaziwa ukuthi zithinta izinga lokushisa komhlaba. Kepha kufanele kushiwo ukuthi, kuze kube manje, ukwanda okukhulu kakhulu kwamazinga okushisa omhlaba kungenxa ye- ukwanda kokuhlushwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa (GHG) okubangelwa abantu kanye nenguquko yezimboni. Kulo mongo, kubalulekile ukufunda ukuthi isintu sibhekene kanjani nalezi zinselele, njengoba kuchazwe kabanzi eshicileleni lethu elithi izinselelo zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ngakho-ke, ukuqagela kokufudumeza esikalini sesikhathi esibanzi (amashumi eminyaka amaningi noma ngaphezulu) kusekelwe ekulingisweni kwamamodeli wesimo sezulu kanye nolwazi lwethu lokuthi uhlelo lwesimo sezulu lubucayi kangakanani ekukhuleni kwesikhathi esizayo kokugxila komkhathi we-GHG. Lezi zinhlobo zibonisa ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga esikhathini esizayo esingekude kakhulu kuzolawulwa ngamazinga akhuphukile e-GHG uma kuqhathaniswa nokwanda kwamazinga okushisa emvelo noma ngobuningi bolwandle noma ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo.
