Ngobusuku bangomhla ka-6 Novemba 2023, isifunda sase-Cáceres e-Extremadura sibe nokuboniswa kwemibala egqamile ekhanyisa esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Lokhu kubaneka okubomvu okuhlaba umxhwele kwakungezinye izibani zasenyakatho, ezivame ukubonakala ezindaweni ezipholile, kodwa kulokhu zivela endaweni ebingalindelekile nakakhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lesi senzakalo sasingagcini nje ku-Cáceres. Kungase futhi kufakazwe ezifundeni eziningana zeYurophu Ephakathi, kuhlanganise nezingxenye ze-Italy, France, Slovakia, Ireland nasePoland. Iqiniso lokuthi lezi zibani ezihlaba umxhwele ziqhamuke kude nendawo yazo evamile liphakamisa imibuzo ethakazelisayo. Kungani kukhona izibani zasenyakatho eSpain?
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi kungani zikhona izibani ezisenyakatho eSpain nokuthi uzibona kanjani.
Iziphepho zelanga
Ukwenzeka kwezibani zasenyakatho eMhlabeni kungabangelwa iziphepho zelanga, ngokwesayensi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-geomagnetic storms, ezenzeka enkanyezini yethu. Itholakala amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-150 ukusuka emhlabeni wethu, ILanga lihlala likhipha izinhlayiya ngenxa yokucindezela okuphezulu endaweni yalo uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhala esilizungezile. Lezi zinhlayiya zibaleka kalula futhi zithole isivinini, ziqhutshwa amandla kazibuthe elanga. Thola ukuthi inkambu kazibuthe yomhlaba ikhiqiza kanjani i-Northern Lights ukuqonda kangcono lesi simo.
Emkhathini omkhulu womkhathi kunento ebizwa ngokuthi umoya welanga, iqoqo lezinhlayiya ezigcwele amandla ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-ion. Lezi zinhlayiya ziqala uhambo, zinqamule indawo yonke futhi ekugcineni zihlangane nezindikimba zasezulwini ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise noMhlaba wethu. Ngejubane elimangalisayo, lezi zinhlayiya ziyagijima zidlule isikhala ngesivinini esiphakathi kuka-300 no-1.000 km/s. Ngokumangalisayo, lezi zinhlayiya zithatha izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu nje ukufika zisuka lapho zisuka khona, zihlangane ngokuphelele nomoya ozungeza ilanga futhi, ekugcineni, zifinyelele emhlabeni wethu.
Izibani ZaseNyakatho
Njengoba izinhlayiya ezishajiwe zibhekisa amabombo eMhlabeni, inkambu kazibuthe yomhlaba iba ngokubaluleka kakhulu. Isebenza njengozibuthe, ithwebula lezi zinhlayiya ezindaweni ezingaphandle zomkhathi futhi izihehe ngasezigxotsheni. Kulezi zifunda, Umkhathi uqukethe ama-molecule amaningana omoya-mpilo ne-nitrogen, okunikeza amathuba amaningi ezinhlayiya zelanga ukuze zihlanganyele nalezi zakhi. Lokhu kusebenzisana kuholela ekusaseni nasekuphakameni kwezimo zamandla kula ma-molecule.
Endabeni yezigidi nje zomzuzwana, inqubo iyenzeka. Nokho, kuleso sikhathi esifushane, amangqamuzana omoya-mpilo ne-nitrogen angazinzile kakhulu abuyela ngokushesha ezimweni zawo eziyisisekelo, aphelelwe yinjabulo, futhi alahle amandla atholwe njengama-photon, izinhlayiya ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhiqiza ukukhanya. Umbala wesibhakabhaka unqunywa ubude beza nobukhulu bala ma-photon akhishwayo, okubangela amathoni ahlukahlukene afaka umbala obala emehlweni ethu.
Isizathu sokuthi izibani ezisenyakatho zivame ukwenzeka ezindaweni ezishisayo zeplanethi yethu kungenxa yokusebenzisana amandla kazibuthe ngomoya welanga, okubangela ukuba ikhangwe ngasezigxotsheni. Ngenxa yalokho, kukulezi zifunda lapho izinhlayiya zizohlangana khona nama-molecule, okuwenza ajabule futhi okuphumela ekubonisweni okugqamile kwemibala esibhakabhakeni.
Kungani kukhona izibani zasenyakatho eSpain?
Isizathu sokubonakala kwezibani ezisenyakatho ezindaweni ezingalindelekile kungenxa yesiphepho esikhulu selanga, ikakhulukazi isiphepho esinamandla se-geomagnetic, esenzeka ngempelasonto. Ngaphakathi kwalesi senzakalo, iLanga libhekana nezinqubo eziqinile zokuxhuma kabusha kazibuthe ezishintsha ukuhlelwa kwezinto zelanga futhi kuholele ekukhululweni okukhulayo kwezinhlayiya kanye nenani elilinganiselwe le-plasma. Izibani ezisenyakatho eSpain, umbukwane ongavamile ongaphindwa.
Inhlanganisela yalezi zici ikhiqiza umoya welanga onokuminyana okuphezulu kunokuvamile. Lapho lo moya welanga ufika eMhlabeni, ikhombisa ikhono elikhulu lokuxhumana nenkundla kazibuthe, okukhiqiza ukuguqulwa okuncane futhi kuvimbele ukuqondisa kabusha okuphelele kwezinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe ezibheke ezindaweni ezipholile. Ngenxa yalokho, lezi zinhlayiya zingaphikelela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomkhathi, lapho zingasebenzisa khona umoya-mpilo kanye nama-molecule e-nitrogen, ekugcineni zikhiqize ama-aurora ezifundeni ezikude nezigxobo.
Ingabe kufanele sikhathazeke ngezingozi ezingase zibe khona ngenxa yesiphepho esinamandla se-geomagnetic? Asikho isidingo sokutatazela. Kuyiqiniso elingokwemvelo ukuthi umsebenzi weLanga uyashintshashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kubangelwa imijikelezo yelanga, ngokuvamile ehlala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 neyi-12. Njengoba sisondela ekupheleni komjikelezo welanga wamanje, umsebenzi welanga kulindeleke ukuba uqine. Empeleni, Ukuphakama kwalo mjikelezo kulindeleke ukuthi kwenzeke ngo-2025. Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwemimoya enamandla yelanga kuyinto evamile ngokuphelele. Izenzakalo ezifanayo cishe zizokwenzeka eminyakeni ezayo njengoba sisondela ekupheleni komjikelezo welanga.
Uzobabona nini?
Kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuze kube yintwasahlobo ka-2025, abantu bazokwazi ukujabulela ukuboniswa okuthakazelisayo kwalesi simo sasezulwini. Kodwa-ke, izinyanga zasebusika, eziqala ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Mashi, ngokungangabazeki zizohlinzeka ngezimo ezingcono kakhulu zokubukwa. Phakathi ubusuku obumangalisayo obuyi-200 ngonyaka, I-Northern Lights izokwenza ama-pirouette amahle esibhakabhakeni, ijabulisa imiphefumulo enenhlanhla ebona lo mbukwane ohlaba umxhwele.
Ukuze ubone umbukwane Wezibani ZaseNyakatho, kufanele ubalekele imingcele yokungcoliswa kokukhanya futhi uye ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yezwe lapho isibhakabhaka sasebusuku sihlala singathintwa ukukhanya okwenziwa. Izindawo ezifanele zalokhu kuzizwisa kwe-ethereal zihlanganisa Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, the Basque Country and Navarra, lapho inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yendawo kanye nesimo sezulu idala izimo ezifanele zokubonakala kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mkhuba uzophinde uvele e-Extremadura.
Ithuluzi eliwusizo lokukhomba izindawo ezinokungcoliswa okuncane kokukhanya yi Imephu Yokungcoliswa Okukhanyayo, egqamisa izindawo ezithile, njenge isifunda esisogwini phakathi kwe-Elantxobe ne-Ondaroa e-Bizkaia.
Ukuze ubone Izibani ZaseNyakatho eSpain, kufanele ubekezele kakhulu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lena akuyona into ebonakala kalula, ikakhulukazi endaweni yangakithi. Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lukusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kungani ubona izibani zaseNyakatho e-Spain nokuthi ungazibuka kanjani.
