Imvula, ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, yamukelekile kakhulu, kepha lapho amanzi ewa ngamandla amakhulu noma isikhathi eside, kufika isikhathi lapho umhlaba noma imigudu yokuhambisa amanzi emadolobheni nasemadolobheni iyeka ukukwazi ukuwumunca.
Futhi-ke, njengoba amanzi ewuketshezi futhi, ngakho-ke, into ehamba lapho iya khona, ngaphandle uma amafu ehlakazeka ngokushesha, asizukukhetha ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngezikhukhula. Kepha, Ziyini futhi zibangelwa yini?
Bayini?
Izikhukhula kuhlala ngamanzi ezindaweni ezivame ukungabi nalokhu. Ziyizinto zemvelo ebezilokhu zenzeka selokhu kunamanzi eplanethi yoMhlaba, ebumba ogwini, okufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwamathafa ezigodini zemifula nasemazweni avundile.
Kubangelwa yini?
Zingadalwa yizimo ezahlukahlukene, okuyilezi:
- Ukwehla okubandayo: kwenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlaba libanda kunalawo olwandle. Lo mehluko udala inqwaba yomoya oshisayo, oswakeme ukuba ukhuphuke uye endaweni ephakathi nendawo nangaphezulu, okubangele izimvula ezinkulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, okungenzeka kube nezikhukhula. ESpain kuyinto yaminyaka yonke eyenzeka kusukela ekwindla.
- Monsoon: I-monsoon umoya wesizini okhiqizwa ukugudluzwa kwebhande lenkabazwe. Kubangelwa ukuphola komhlaba, okushesha kunalokhu kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ehlobo izinga lokushisa lobuso boMhlaba liphakeme kunalelo lolwandle, okwenza umoya ongaphezu komhlaba ukhuphuke ngokushesha, kubangele isiphepho. Umoya, njengoba uvunguza usuka kuma-anticyclone (izindawo zomfutho ophezulu) ubheke eziphephweni (izindawo ezinomfutho ophansi) ukuze ulinganisele zombili izingcindezi, umoya onamandla uvunguza njalo usuka olwandle. Ngenxa yalokho, izimvula zinetha kakhulu, okubangela ukukhuphuka kwemifula.
- IziphephoIzivunguvungu noma izivunguvungu ziyizimo zezulu okuthi, ngaphandle kokukwazi ukudala umonakalo omkhulu, ziphinde zibe phakathi kwalezo eziwisa amanzi amaningi. Kuyizinhlelo zesiphepho ezinomjikelezo ovaliwe ozungeza isikhungo esinomfutho ophansi kuyilapho zikhipha ukushisa kolwandle, okukumazinga okushisa okungenani angama-20 degrees Celsius. Kulesi simo, i- Iziphepho zingadala umonakalo omkhulu.
- Thaw: ezindaweni lapho kuneqhwa kaningi kakhulu futhi futhi ngobuningi, ukukhuphuka okungazelelwe kokushisa kubangela izikhukhula emifuleni. Kungenzeka futhi uma ukuwa kweqhwa kube nzima futhi kungavamile, njengalezo ezingavamile ukwenzeka ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esomile noma esomile.
- Amagagasi olwandle noma ama-tsunami: Lezi zigigaba zingezinye ezingaba imbangela yesikhukhula. Amagagasi amakhulu abangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba angacekela phansi ugu, abangele izinkinga eziningi kubo bobabili abahlali kanye nezitshalo nezilwane zendawo. Zenzeka kakhulu olwandle lwasePacific nolwase-Indian, olunomsebenzi omkhulu wokuzamazama komhlaba.
Yini esivikela ngayo?
Selokhu ubuntu baqala ukuhlala phansi kakhulu, bahlala eduze nemifula nezigodi, bekulokhu kunenkinga efanayo: ungazivikela kanjani izikhukhula? EGibhithe, ngesikhathi soFaro, uMfula iNayile ungadala ukulahleka okukhulu kwabaseGibhithe, ngakho-ke basheshe bafunda ukuthi bangazivikela kanjani izitshalo zabo ngemigudu edlulisa amanzi namadamu. Kodwa ngokudabukisayo babejwayele ukubhujiswa ngamanzi ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa.
Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi eSpain nasenyakatho ne-Italy, amachibi nezinqolobane zase zivele zakhiwa ezazilawula ukuhamba kwemifula. Kepha kuze kube manje, kule nkathi yamanje, lapho emazweni abizwa ngokuthi yiFirst World empeleni sikwazi ukuvimbela izikhukhula. Amadamu, izithiyo zensimbi, ukulawula amadamu, ukwenziwa ngcono kwamanzi emiseleni yemifula… Konke lokhu, okungezwe ekubikezelweni kwesimo sezulu okuthuthukile, kusivumele ukuthi silawule kangcono amanzi.
Futhi, kancane kancane kwenqatshelwe ukwakha ogwini, okuyizindawo ezisengozini enkulu yezikhukhula. Futhi uma indawo engokwemvelo ishiywa ingenazo izitshalo, amanzi ayoba nesikhathi esilula kakhulu sokushanela yonke into, ngaleyo ndlela afinyelele ezindlini; Nokho, uma kungakhiwanga lutho, noma uma indawo ezungezile eyonakaliswe kakhulu umuntu ibuyiselwa kancane kancane ngezitshalo zomdabu, mancane amathuba okuba isikhukhula sicekele phansi yonke into. Ngalo mqondo, ukwanda kokuqiniswa kubalulekile ukuvimbela imiphumela emibi yezikhukhula ezizayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, emazweni asathuthuka, izinhlelo ezinjengokuvimbela, ukuxwayisa kanye nezinyathelo ezalandela azithuthukiswa kangako, njengoba ngeshwa kubonakale eziphephweni ebezihlasela amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Kodwa-ke, ukubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba kuvuna izenzo zokwenza abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinobungozi baphephe.
Izikhukhula eSpain
ESpain sibe nezinkinga ezinkulu ngezikhukhula. Okubi kakhulu emlandweni wethu wakamuva kube yilokhu okulandelayo:
Isikhukhula sango-1907
NgoSepthemba 24, 1907, abantu abangama-21 balahlekelwa yizimpilo zabo eMalaga ngenxa yezimvula ezinamandla. Umcengezi waseGuadalmedina wachichima, uthwele iqwaba lamanzi nodaka efike ngamamitha ama-5 ukuphakama.
Isikhukhula esikhulu seValencia
Ngo-Okthoba 14, 1957, abantu abangama-81 balahlekelwa yimiphefumulo yabo ngenxa yokuchichima koMfula iTuria. Kwakunezikhukhula ezimbili: owokuqala wamangaza wonke umuntu, ngoba eValencia kwakungakaze kube khona imvula; owesibili wafika emini esifundeni saseCamp del Turia. Kulesi sikhathi sokugcina I-125l / m2 inqwabelene, angu-90 kubo ngemizuzu engu-40. Umfula ubunokugeleza okungama-4200 m3/s. E-Begis (Castellón) 361 l/m2 aqoqwe.
Isikhukhula sango-1973
Ngo-Okthoba 19, 1973, I-600l / m2 inqwabelene eZúrgena (Almería) nase-Albuñol (eGranada). Kwakunabantu abaningi ababulawa; ngaphezu kwalokho, omasipala baseLa Rábita (eGranada) nasePuerto Lumbreras (Murcia) babhujiswa ngokuphelele.
Isikhukhula saseTenerife
Mashi 31, 2002 I-232.6l / m2 inqwabelene, ngamandla angu-162.6l / m2 ngehora elilodwa, okudale ukufa kwabantu abayisishiyagalombili.
Izikhukhula eLevante
Isithombe - Ecestaticos.com
Phakathi kukaDisemba 16 no-19, 2016 isiphepho iLevante esathinta umphakathi waseValencian, iMurcia, i-Almería neBalearic Islands sabangela ukufa kwabantu aba-5. Ezindaweni eziningi ngaphezu kuka-600l / m2 okuqoqiwe.
Izikhukhula eMalaga
NgoMashi 3, 2018 isiphepho kukhishwe kufika kumalitha ayi-100 emaphuzu esifundazweni saseMalaga, njengetheku laseMalaga, iNtshonalanga ne-Inland Costa del Sol, iSerranía kanye neGenal Valley. Ngenhlanhla, akukho ukulahleka komuntu okufanele kuzisole ngakho, kodwa abezimo eziphuthumayo babhekele izehlakalo ezingaphezu kwe-150 ngenxa yokuwa kwezihlahla nezinye izinto, nokudilika komhlaba.
Akukhona okokuqala kwenzeka into efana nalena. Eqinisweni, le micimbi ijwayelekile kakhulu ngokudabukisayo. Isibonelo, ngoFebhuwari 20, 2017 Amalitha ayi-140 amanzi anqwabelene ngemitha skwele ngalinye ngobusuku obubodwa. Izimo eziphuthumayo zihambele izehlakalo ezingama-203 ngenxa yokugcwala komhlaba phansi, ukuwa kwezinto nezimoto ezibhajwe emgwaqeni.
Inkinga ukuthi isifundazwe sizungezwe izintaba. Uma lina, wonke amanzi aya kulo. Abantu baseMalaga kudala becela ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuyivimbela.
