Sijwayele izilwane zethu ezifuywayo eziphila iminyaka engaba ngu-5-20. Nokho, emvelweni kunezilwane eziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu. I izilwane ezinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni zingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-100 ubudala futhi ziyamangalisa ngempela.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izilwane eziphila isikhathi eside kunazo zonke emhlabeni kanye nezici zazo.
Izilwane ezindala kunazo zonke emhlabeni
I-jellyfish engafi
I-Turritopsis nutrica, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-immortal jellyfish, iyisilwane esimangalisayo esitholakala oLwandle lweCaribbean. Naphezu kobukhulu baso obuncane, ukulinganisa okungaphezu kuka-5 mm, lesi silwane sinekhono elimangalisayo elisihlukanisa nazo zonke ezinye. Inesihloko sokuba nesikhathi eside sokuphila kwanoma iyiphi into ephilayo eyaziwayo Emhlabeni, okuyenza icishe ingafi. Ukuphila isikhathi eside okungavamile kwe-jellyfish kuhlaba umxhwele ngempela futhi kuqinisa isimo sayo njengesinye sezidalwa ezingavamile emhlabeni wethu.
Impendulo yokuthi kungani uphila inqobo nje uma uphila ilele ekhonweni lakho eliyingqayizivele lokuhlehlisa inqubo yokuguga. Ifakwe izakhi zofuzo, ingabuyela esimweni sayo se-polyp, empeleni kuvuseleleka futhi kuqale kabusha, kufana nokuthi umuntu eba yingane futhi. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, le jellyfish inesihloko sokuba isidalwa esidala kunazo zonke eMhlabeni.
izipontshi zasolwandle
Naphezu kobuhle bazo, izipantshi zasolwandle ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengezitshalo, ngisho nasezikhathini zanamuhla. Lezi zidalwa ezingavamile zingatholakala olwandle emhlabeni jikelele futhi ziphila kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, kuhlanganise nezinga lokushisa elibandayo kanye nokujula okungafika kumamitha angu-5.000. Izipontshi zazingezona nje izinto eziphilayo zokuqala ukwehlukana, ezisebenza njengokhokho bazo zonke izilwane, kodwa futhi zinendima ebalulekile ekuhlanzeni amanzi ngokuwahluza.
Izipontshi zasolwandle, ngokungangabazeki, ziphethe isihloko sokuba izidalwa ezinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu. Lezi Izilwane ezingajwayelekile sezikhona iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-542, okubenza babe olunye lwezilwane ezindala kakhulu ezikhona, zidlulwa kuphela i-jellyfish engafi. Ngokumangalisayo, ezinye izipontshi zasolwandle ziye zadlula ingqopha-mlando yeminyaka engu-10.000 13.000; I-Scolymastra joubini endala eyaziwayo ilinganiselwa ukuthi yaphila iminyaka eyi-XNUMX emangalisayo. Imfihlo yokuphila kwayo isikhathi eside okumangalisayo ilele ekukhuleni kwayo okunensayo kanye nokukhetha kwayo ezindaweni ezibandayo emanzini.
I-Iceland Clam
Ngenhlanhla, iqembu lezazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo lathola ukuthi imbaza yase-Iceland (i-Artica islandica) inesihloko esithi i-mollusk endala kunazo zonke ezikhona. Lesi sambulo senzeke ngesikhathi kuhlolwa i-"Ming", ehlonishwa njengembaza endala kunazo zonke emhlabeni, impilo yayo Iphele kungazelelwe ineminyaka engama-507 ngenxa yengozi edalwe ngomunye wababukeli. Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela indaba yokuphila emangazayo yalezi zilwane ezithakazelisayo.
Cishe eminyakeni eyisikhombisa ngemva kokutholwa kweMelika nguChristopher Columbus, phakathi nobukhosi bakwaMing, le mollusk yayizovela.
ushaka wasegreenland
Ushaka waseGreenland (Somniosus microcephalus), otholakala ekujuleni okubandayo kolwandle lwase-Antarctic, Pacific kanye ne-Arctic, unesici esihlukile: ukwakheka kwamathambo okuguquguqukayo. Lesi sidalwa esingavamile singakhula sibe ubude obumangalisayo obungamamitha angu-7. Naphezu kobukhulu balo obumangalisayo kanye nemvelo edlayo, lolu hlobo lwezilwane lube nenhlanhla yokugwema ukuthambekela kokulimaza komuntu, oluhlala ezindaweni ezikude ezingavamile ukuvakashelwa ama-bipeds.
Isidalwa esiyivelakancane nesingavamile, ushaka waseGreenland uhlala ungaziwa emphakathini uwonke. Nokho, iqembu labacwaningi muva nje limemezele ukutholakala komuntu ophawulekayo phakathi kwalolu hlobo lwezilwane, okubikwa ukuthi ufinyelele iminyaka emangalisayo engu-392. Uma kuqinisekiswa, lokhu okutholakele okungajwayelekile kungasungula ushaka waseGreenland njengesilwane esiphila nomgogodla esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
i-bowhead whale
Umkhomo we-bowhead (i-Balaena mysticetus) ugqama ngombala wawo we-ebony ohlaba umxhwele, ngaphandle kwesilevu sawo, esinethoni emhlophe ebabazekayo. Abesilisa bangafinyelela ubude obumangalisayo obungamamitha ayi-14 kuye kwayi-17, kanti abesifazane bangakhula babe bakhudlwana, bafinyelele phakathi kwamamitha ayi-16 no-18. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, lesi sidalwa esihle kakhulu singumdondoshiya wangempela, enesisindo esingamathani angama-75 kuya kwangu-100. Ukwengeza, i-bowhead whale inomehluko wokuba esinye sezidalwa eziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu, esinesikhathi sokuphila esingadlulela eminyakeni engu-211 emangalisayo.
Ukuphila kwalo mkhomo okungavamile kuye kwakhanga ososayensi, ikakhulukazi ukumelana kwawo nomdlavuza ngendlela emangalisayo. Naphezu kokuba namangqamuzana aphindwe izikhathi eziyinkulungwane kunabantu, uyawaphika amathuba futhi akathinteki. Lokhu kuphila isikhathi eside kuwubufakazi balokho. Ngokuhlaziya izakhi zofuzo zomkhomo, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi lesi sidalwa esihle kakhulu senziwe izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi hhayi nje zokuzivikela kumdlavuza, kodwa futhi nokulwa nezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-neurodegenerative, zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
I-Koi carp
I-carp evamile iveza inhlanzi echibini ethandwayo neyigugu eyaziwa ngokuthi i-koi carp (Cyprinus carpio), ebamba indawo ekhethekile ezinhliziyweni zabathandi emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi e-Asia. Lolu hlobo oluhlonishwayo Kungumkhiqizo wokuzalanisa ngokucophelela kwabantu abakhethiwe.
Ngokuvamile, i-Koi carp iphila iminyaka engaba ngu-60. Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona i-Koi carp eyodwa ehlukile ebizwa ngokuthi "u-Hanako" owadlula konke obekulindelekile futhi waphila iminyaka ephawulekayo ye-226. Le ndaba iyisibonelo sokuphila isikhathi eside ezilwaneni ezimangaza abaningi.
I-Giant Red Bristle
Lesi sidalwa esingavamile sinobubanzi obungaba amasentimitha angu-20 futhi sihlotshiswe ngomgogodla ongafinyelela ku-8 cm ubude. Empeleni, Inesihloko sokuba i-urchin yasolwandle enkulu kunazo zonke ekhona. Ukudla kwayo kuqukethe ikakhulukazi ulwelwe futhi idume ngokudla okunolaka ngendlela emangalisayo.
I-hedgehog ebomvu enkulu ayigqami nje ngobukhulu bayo kanye nomgogodla, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuphila kwayo okungavamile, njengoba inamandla okuphila kuze kube ngamakhulu amabili eminyaka.
Ufudu olukhulu lwaseGalapagos
Ochwepheshe bacabangela ufudu olukhulu lwe-Galapagos (Chelonoidis spp) ukuthi lunezinhlobo ezingu-10 ezihlukene ezisondelene kakhulu kangangokuthi ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezincane.
Iqembu leziqhingi elidumile liyikhaya lalezi zimfudu ezinkulu ezinhle, ezihlukile kule ndawo. Lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zinesikhathi esimangalisayo sokuphila, esisukela eminyakeni eyi-150 kuya kwengama-200. Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwalezi zimfudu kungafaniswa nokwezinye izilwane eziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu emhlabeni.
Iwashi lase-Atlantic
I-Atlantic clockfish (Hoplostethus atlanticus) ingatholakala kuzo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, ijwayele ukuhlala ezifundeni ezithile okungenani ezingamamitha angama-900 ngaphansi komhlaba, ngakho-ke ayivamisile ukubonakala kithi.
Ngokumangalisayo, leli washi le-Atlantic elingavamile, eli Yafinyelela ubude obungaba ngu-75 cm futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-7, Wayenekhono elimangalisayo lokuphila iminyaka engu-150. Ubude besikhathi eside kangaka bokuphila buyinto engavamile ngempela ezinhlanzini zohlobo lwayo!
I-Tuatara
Iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200, Umhlaba ubulokhu uyikhaya le- tuatara ( Sphenodon punctatus ), uhlobo oluphila isikhathi eside ngendlela emangalisayo. Phakathi kwezinto zayo eziyingqayizivele kubalwa neso lesithathu, elengeza uzungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela ye-tuatara yokuhamba iwubufakazi bemvelaphi yayo yasendulo.
Lapho ineminyaka engu-50, i-tuatara iyayeka ukukhula, ifinyelela ubude obungaba ngu-45 noma 61 cm futhi inesisindo esingamagremu angu-500 noma ikhilogremu eyodwa. Ngokumangalisayo, i-tuatara endala erekhodiwe isidlule iminyaka eyi-111.