Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe ithimba lososayensi bamazwe ngamazwe eliholwa yiNyuvesi yaseLeeds, e-UK, likuvezile lokho Izinhlayiya ezisemkhathini zingathonya isimo sezulu seplanethi ngokumunca noma ukukhombisa ukukhanya kwelanga. Lezi zinhlayiya, ezisuka emisebenzini yabantu njengezimoto nezimboni, ngaphezu kokuba ezemvelo, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa loMhlaba.
Ngokusho komsebenzi oshicilelwe kumagazini wesayensi I-geoscience yemvelo, Izinhlayiya ze-atmospheric zivame ukupholisa isimo sezulu eminyakeni efudumele, okunganciphisa kancane izinga lokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nemiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ungathintana lesi sixhumanisi.
Ukuze kufinyelelwe lokhu okutholakele, abacwaningi bahlanganisa izilinganiso zomkhathi namamodeli ekhompiyutha ukuze babonise imiphumela yemithombo emibili yemvelo yezinhlayiya ezisemkhathini: intuthu yomlilo wehlathi namagesi akhishwa izihlahla, ezingahlangana ukuze zakhe izinhlayiya ezincane. UDkt. Catherine Scott, umbhali oholayo walolu cwaningo, wathi: “Njengoba uMhlaba ufudumala, izitshalo zikhipha amagesi aguquguqukayo engeziwe emaqabunga azo, amagesi anikeza amahlathi kaphayini iphunga lawo eliwahlukanisayo. Uma esemoyeni, la magesi angakha izinhlayiya ezincane, ezibonisa amandla elanga futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukusiza ukupholisa iplanethi. " Intuthu yomlilo ingaba nomthelela omkhulu kule nqubo.
Le nqubo yokupholisa, eyaziwa ngokuthi impendulo yesimo sezulu esingesihle, kunciphisa, ngokwezinga elithile, ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa lomhlaba wonke. Ngakho-ke, amahlathi asebenza njengama-air conditioner amakhulu, esiza ekwehliseni ukufudumala okubangelwa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, into ebuye ihlotshaniswe ne ihlathi liyavutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufakazelwe lokho ibhalansi yamandla omhlaba Futhi idlala indima ebalulekile endleleni amazinga okushisa alawulwa ngayo.
UDominic Spracklen, umbhali kanye naye walolu cwaningo, uveza ukuthi ngokuvamile, ukusabela kwesimo sezulu ekufudumaleni kokuqala kuvame ukukhulisa lokho kufudumala, okungukuthi, impendulo eyakhayo. Kodwa-ke, umcwaningi uphinde agcizelele ukuthi ukuncipha kokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kuyadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe amazinga okushisa omhlaba ukuthi afinyelele emazingeni ayingozi, okuhlobene nesidingo esiphuthumayo yeka ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukucabangela ukuthi kanjani amafu nomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu umthelela wokungabikho kwamafu esimweni sezulu.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwama-aerosol nokufudumala komhlaba
Ama-aerosol ayizinhlayiya ezincane ezitholakala emkhathini futhi zingaba zemvelo noma i-anthropogenic. Ithonya layo esimweni sezulu libonakala ngezindlela eziningana:
- Ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya kwelanga: Ama-aerosol angabuyisela imisebe yelanga emkhathini, abe nomthelela ekupholiseni kwesimo sezulu okwesikhashana.
- Ukwakhiwa kwamafu: Asebenza njenge-condensation nuclei yokwakheka kwamafu, okuthinta umjikelezo wemvula namaphethini wesimo sezulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi kanjani amafu ayashabalala ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene.
- Umthelela kwikhwalithi yomoya: Ama-aerosols angalimaza ikhwalithi yomoya, athinte impilo yomuntu kanye nemvelo.
Ngokocwaningo, ukushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi kukhipha i-sulphur dioxide (SO2), eguqulwa ibe ama-aerosol e-sulfate. Lawa ma-aerosol ehlise ukufudumala komhlaba cishe ngo-0.5°C, ngokusho kwedatha ye-IPCC. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi ofanayo okhiqiza ama-aerosol nawo unomthelela ekwandeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, njengoba kushiwo ekuhlaziyeni ukwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa eColombia. Ukuqonda ukuthi kanjani ama-aerosols athonya isimo sezulu somhlaba wonke kubalulekile ukubhekana nalesi simo.
Imiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu endaweni ezungezile
Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kudale izinguquko ezinkulu ku amaphethini sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu ezingeni lomhlaba wonke. Eminye yemiphumela ephawuleka kakhulu ihlanganisa:
- Ukukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle: Ngenxa yokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa nokwanda okushisayo kwezilwandle, ukunyuka kwamazinga olwandle kungase kugcwale izindawo ezisogwini.
- Imicimbi yesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu: Kuye kwaphawulwa ukwanda kwezinga nokuqina kwezenzakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, njengeziphepho, isomiso namagagasi okushisa.
- Izinguquko ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo: Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zikuthola kunzima ukujwayela izinguquko endaweni yazo, okuholela ekufudukeni kwezinhlobo zezilwane kanye nokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi ukungcola okuhambisana nalezi zigameko kungayithinta kanjani imiphakathi, okuhlobene nomthelela wokungcola empilweni yomphakathi. Ngalo mqondo, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi kanjani Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kungakhuphula ukusetshenziswa kwesimo somoya. Futhi, njengoba isimo sezulu siqhubeka sishintsha, Kubukeka sengathi sesihlulekile ukulawula ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngezindlela eziningi, kuhlanganise izinhlobo zemisebe yelanga ezithinta imvelo.
Ukunukubezeka komoya kanye nempilo yomphakathi
Ukunukubezeka komoya kungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zoku izifo nokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi emhlabeni wonke. Ngo-2016, balinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-4.2 abashonile ngenxa yezinga lomoya elibi. Izinto ezingcolisayo ezinkulu zihlanganisa:
- I-Particulate matter (PM)2.5): Yakhiwa izinhlayiya ezinhle ezikwazi ukungena ekujuleni ohlelweni lokuphefumula, okubangela izinkinga zempilo.
- I-Tropospheric ozone: Yakhiwa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kokungcola lapho kukhona ukukhanya kwelanga futhi kungathinta ukusebenza kwamaphaphu.
- I-nitrogen dioxide (NO2): Igesi ekhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko izimoto nezitshalo zezimboni ezingabhebhethekisa isifuba somoya nezinye izifo zokuphefumula.
Abantu abasengozini enkulu emiphumeleni yokungcoliswa komoya yizingane, abantu abadala, nalabo abanezimo ezivele zikhona. Ukuqhubeka nokuchayeka kulezi zinto ezingcolisayo kungaholela ekwandeni kokufa kwabantu kanye nokuvela kwezifo ezingelapheki, okuhlobene kakhulu nemiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke empilweni yomphakathi. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile Lesi isici esidinga ukunakwa.
Izinyathelo zokulwa nokungcoliswa komoya
Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokunciphisa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Amanye amasu ahlanganisa:
- Nyusa amandla avuselelekayo: Gqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ahlanzekile nasimeme ukuze kuthathelwe indawo amafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
- Thuthukisa ezokuthutha zomphakathi: Ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuthutha ezisebenza kahle nezisimeme ezinciphisa ukuncika ezimotweni ezingcolisa umoya.
- Lawula ukukhishwa kwezimboni: Misa izindinganiso eziqinile zokukhishwa kwezimboni futhi uthuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukunukubezeka.
- Khulisa ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi: Izihlahla zisebenza njengamasinki ekhabhoni futhi zisiza ukuhlunga ukungcola okuvela emoyeni.
Kuyacaca ukuthi izinhlayiya zomkhathi, kokubili okungokwemvelo kanye ne-anthropogenic, zidlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba zingasiza ukupholisa iplanethi, ukuba khona kwazo kuhlobene nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo nezendawo ezungezile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi izinqubomgomo zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu zihlanganise ukulawulwa kokungcoliswa komoya ukuze kuvikelwe impilo yomphakathi kanye nokuphila kahle kweplanethi. Lolu daba luhlobene nokukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana izimo ezimbi kakhulu uMhlaba obhekene nazo namuhla.
