Unyaka wezi-2016 bekuwunyaka odabukisayo ophawuleka ngokwenzeka kwezinhlekelele zemvelo ezishiye uphawu olukhulu ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Kusukela eziphephweni ezibhubhisayo kuye ekuzamazameni komhlaba okuyinhlekelele, lezi zenzakalo ziye zabangela ukulahlekelwa kwezinkulungwane zabantu nomonakalo ongenakubalwa wempahla. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwenza ukubuyekezwa okuphelele Yiziphi izinhlekelele zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu ngo-2016?, ihlaziya isenzakalo ngasinye nemiphumela yaso.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba eTaiwan
Unyaka waqala kabuhlungu ngo Taiwan, lapho ngo-February 6 ukuzamazama komhlaba okulinganiselwa ku-6.4 esikalini sikaRichter kwagadla kulesi siqhingi, kwaphumela ekufeni kuka-. Abantu abangu-26 nokushiya abantu abangaphezu kuka-258 bedinga ukutakulwa. Le nhlekelele ayivezanga nje kuphela ubungozi bengqalasizinda yalesi siqhingi, kodwa iphinde yagqamisa ukubaluleka kokulungela izinhlekelele esifundeni, njengoba kushiwo esihlokweni sethu esimayelana izinhlekelele zemvelo ezithinta kakhulu umhlaba. Lo mcimbi ugqamisa isidingo sokufunda ezinhlekeleleni, into echazwe kabanzi kuyo izinhlekelele zemvelo ezibhubhisa kakhulu.
Izikhukhula ePakistan
Ngo-Ephreli, iPakistan yabhekana nobunzima obukhulu izikhukhula ngenxa yezimvula ezinamandla ezivame ukuvela entwasahlobo ezweni. Lesi sigameko esibuhlungu sidale ukushona kuka Abantu abangu-92, enama-23 awo ngenxa yokudilika kwenhlabathi, ikakhulukazi esifundazweni saseKhyber Pakhtunkhwa. Izikhukhula ePakistan ziyinkinga eqhubekayo, ebhebhethekiswa yi- ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nengqalasizinda enganele yokusingatha umthamo wamanzi. Ngalo mqondo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi i- ukufudumala kwezwe kuthonya ukushuba kwalezi zenzakalo, kanye nomthelela we-. Le ndlela ibalulekile ukuqonda umongo wezikhukhula, njengoba kuchazwe ku amaphrojekthi okubuyisela ukuziphatha.
Imililo yasendle eCalifornia
I-California ihlupheke ngomunye weminyaka yayo emibi kakhulu ngokuya imililo yehlathi Ngo-2016, umlilo ku-Erksine Creek Road wacekela phansi amahektha angaphezu kwe-3,000 ngoJuni, wacekela phansi amakhaya angaphezu kwe-100 futhi washiya izinkulungwane zabantu. Kamuva, omunye umlilo ngo-August wacekela phansi ngaphezu Amahektha angama-14,550, okuphoqa ukuthi izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kuka-82,000 ziphume. Lezi zehlakalo zigqamisa ukwanda nokuqina komlilo wequbula, okuvame ukugqugquzelwa isimo sezulu esibi kanye nokungaphathwa kahle komhlaba. Lokhu kugcizelela isidingo sokuqonda izinzuzo zeziphepho nokuthi zingathinta kanjani amandla emvelo ezindaweni ezithandwa ngumlilo, njengoba kushiwo naku ukuvikelwa kwemvelo ngokumelene neziphepho. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngomthelela wemililo, ungabheka isihloko sethu esithi amafilimu mayelana nezinhlekelele zemvelo.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba e-Italy
Ngo-August 24, a enamandla ukuzamazama komhlaba ye-magnitude engu-6.2 ihlasele maphakathi ne-Italy, ngengqophamlando eduze kwase-Accumoli. Le nhlekelele yathatha ukuphila okungenani Abantu abangu-247 futhi kwashiya abangaba ngu-400 belimele. Ukuzamazama ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba kwaqhubeka nokuthinta isifunda, okwenza kwaba nzima imizamo yokuhlenga nokwakha kabusha. Izifundo ezitholwe kulesi sigameko esibuhlungu zihlanganisa isidingo sokuqinisa ingqalasizinda futhi sithuthukise ukulungela izinhlekelele zesikhathi esizayo, isihloko okukhulunywa ngaso esihlokweni esithi Indlela izinhlekelele zemvelo ezidala ngayo ubumpofu futhi igcizelela ukubaluleka ukuxhumana phakathi kokuzamazama komhlaba nama-tsunami.
Isiphepho uMathewu
UMathewu wayebhekwa njengo isiphepho esibhubhisa kakhulu yesizini yeziphepho ze-Atlantic ka-2016 Ifinyelele isimo seSigaba sesi-5, ikhiqiza imimoya efinyelela ku-260 km/h. Lesi siphepho esibhubhisayo sashiya umonakalo odabukisayo Ukufa okungama-1,655, ezingaphezu kuka-1,600 XNUMX zazo zenzeka eHaiti, okuyizwe elithinteke kakhulu. Izithombe zalo monakalo zikhombise yonke imiphakathi idabukile, zigqamisa ukungazilungiseleli kwezwe ukubhekana nengwadla engaka. Ukubuyiselwa kweHaiti nezinye izindawo ezihlaselwe yisiphepho kube yinqubo ende neyinkimbinkimbi. Isimo saseHaiti siphinde sigqamise ukuba sengozini kwezizwe eziningi ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu, okungacutshungulwa kabanzi esihlokweni sethu esithi umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ezinye Izinhlekelele Zemvelo Eziphawulekayo
Ngaphezu kwezenzakalo ezishiwo ngenhla, ezinye izinhlekelele zemvelo eziningi eziphawule ngo-2016. Lezi zihlanganisa:
- En Ecuador, ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-7.8 ngo-April 16 kwabangela ukufa kuka- Abantu abangu-673 futhi kwashiya abalimele abangaphezu kuka-12,000 3,000, ngaphezu komonakalo wezinto ezibonakalayo owedlula amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu, isimo esiqokomisa isidingo .
- En Ethiopia, izimvula ezinamandla zashiya abantu abangu-90 beshonile ngoMeyi, okudale izikhukhula nokudilika kwenhlabathi, udaba olubalulekile kumongo we izinhlekelele zemvelo jikelele.
- El I-Cyclone Winston en Fiji, okwashiya abantu abangu-44 beshonile kwathi izinkulungwane zasala dengwane ekuqaleni konyaka.
- I-Las isomiso esibi kakhulu kuthinte abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-331 India, okubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezolimo.
Umbiko weCenter for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) uveze ukuthi ngaphezu kwalokho Amazwe we-102 wabhekana nohlobo oluthile lwenhlekelele yemvelo ngo-2016, ethinta cishe Abantu abayizigidi ze-411 kanye nokubangela Ukufa okungama-7,628. Ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho kulinganiselwa ukuthi Ama-dollar ayi-97,000. Le datha igqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthuthukisa amasu okuvimbela kanye nokusabela kwenhlekelele, iqiniso eliqondane nolwazi olushicilelwe esihlokweni esikhuluma .
Umthelela Wezomnotho Nezenhlalakahle
Izinhlekelele zemvelo azithinti kuphela imiphakathi ngokomzimba, kodwa futhi zinomthelela omkhulu wezomnotho. Unyaka wezi-2016 ukleliswe njengobiza kakhulu ngokwezinhlekelele zemvelo kusukela ngo-2012, nokulahlekelwa okulinganiselwa ku- Ama-dollar ayi-175,000. Ucwaningo olwenziwe nguMunich Re luveze ukuthi kuphela 30% kwalokhu kulahlekelwa kwafakwa umshwalense, okushiya umkhawulo obanzi wokulahlekelwa okungakamboziwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisengozini.
Izikhukhula zabangela cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yakho konke ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho. Ikakhulukazi, ukukhukhuleka China kanye nezindleko zomonakalo obangelwe iSiphepho u-Matthew eHaiti zibe negalelo elikhulu kulezi zibalo. Ukuhlaziywa kwale micimbi kukhombisa isidingo sokutshala imali ingqalasizinda eqinile, umshuwalense kanye nezinhlelo eziphuthumayo zokunciphisa izinhlekelele ezizayo. Le mizamo ibalulekile esimweni lapho Izinhlekelele zemvelo zidala inani elikhulu lokuphuma kwabantu.
Ukulawulwa kwezinhlekelele kuyinselelo eqhubekayo edinga indlela edidiyelwe emazingeni endawo, kazwelonke, namazwe ngamazwe. Ukufundisa nokuqwashisa ngezingozi ezihambisana nezinhlekelele zemvelo kubalulekile ekulungiseleleni imiphakathi ukubhekana nalezi zinselele.
