Emhlabeni wethu kunezingozi eziningi zemvelo okufanele sizicabangele ngoba imiphumela yazo imibi impela. Imayelana ne- inhlekelele yemvelo. Imvamisa kuyimicimbi enomthelela omubi empilweni nakubantu ngendlela ejwayelekile futhi idalwa kakhulu yizinto eziza ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu unesibopho somthelela wemiphumela yezenzo ezimbi, kungaba ukuhlela ezobuchwepheshe noma okungalungile.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlekelele zemvelo, izici zazo, imiphumela kanye nezibonelo.
Yini inhlekelele yemvelo
Izinhlekelele zemvelo yizigameko ezenzeka ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu, ezinomthelela omubi empilweni nakubantu. Ezimweni eziningi, abantu banesibopho semiphumela yokungasebenzi kahle kobuchwepheshe, ubudedengu, noma imiphumela yezinhlelo ezimbi.
Ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezinto zemvelo ezibangela izinhlekelele ezihlobene, kunezizathu eziningi zezinhlekelele zemvelo. Ngokuvamile, inhlekelele yemvelo kubangelwa yizimo zezulu, izinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba, izinto zebhayoloji noma izenzakalo zomhlaba. Lezi zigigaba zibhekwa njengezinhlekelele lapho zifinyelela ezingeni elidlulele. Izinhlekelele zemvelo ezihlobene nesimo sezulu zihlanganisa iziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo, izikhukhula, isomiso, imililo yequbula, iziphepho, amagagasi okushisa namagagasi abandayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinezinhlekelele zasemkhathini, ezingavamile kakhulu, njengemithelela ye-meteorite ne-asteroid. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana izinhlekelele zemvelo ezibhubhisa kakhulu, ungabheka lesi sihloko mayelana izinhlekelele zemvelo ezithinta kakhulu umhlaba futhi ufunde mayelana nezici, izimbangela kanye nezinhlobo zalezi zenzakalo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Inhlekelele isehlakalo esenzeka esikhathini esifushane uma kuqhathaniswa, esingajwayelekile futhi esinomthelela omubi empilweni. Izinhlekelele zingenzeka ngokwemvelo, zibangelwe yizinto zabantu, noma zibangelwe yimvelo kanye nezinto ezingabantu.
Lapho umcimbi, ngqo noma ngokungaqondile, kunomthelela ongemuhle esintwini, kuba yinhlekelele. Lapho umcimbi uvela ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu, uthathwa njengemvelo ngokwemvelo. Lo ngumqondo we-anthropic lapho abantu betholakala njengezinto ezingaphandle kwemvelo. Ngale ndlela, umuntu uhlukanisa phakathi kwezenzo zakhe nemiphumela etholakala kweminye imicimbi endaweni yonke.
Izimbangela
Phakathi kwezimbangela ezidala lezi zinhlekelele sinezinto ezilandelayo:
- Izimbangela zesimo sezulu: Zenzeka ngokuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu ngokwezinga lokushisa, imvula, imimoya, ukucindezela komkhathi, njll. Ngokuvamile yilezi zinguquko ezingazelelwe eziguquguqukayo zomkhathi ezibangela izenzakalo ezifana neziphepho, ukuduma kwezulu, iziphepho, kanye namaza abandayo noma okushisa. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, ungafunda ngaso izinzuzo zeziphepho nobudlelwano bayo nezinhlekelele zemvelo.
- Izimbangela ze-Geomorphological: Zivame ukwenzeka lapho ukunyakaza kwamapuleti e-tectonic kanye nokuguquguquka koqweqwe lomhlaba kanye nengubo yoMhlaba kubangela ukuzamazama komhlaba, ama-tsunami nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, thintana ukuzamazama komhlaba nama-tsunami.
- Izimbangela zezinto eziphilayo: Ukungalingani ku-ecosystem kungaholela ekukhuleni kwezinto eziphilayo ze-pathogenic kanye nama-vectors azo. Ngale ndlela, ukukhula kwamagciwane namagciwane kungadala izifo eziwumshayabhuqe noma izifo eziwubhadane, njengoba kufakazelwa yizinhlekelele zemvelo eziningana ezihlobene. Ukuze uthole umbono obanzi, hlola isomiso eSomalia.
- Isikhala sangaphandle: Ama-meteorites nama-asteroid angena emkhathini womhlaba angadala umonakalo omkhulu.
Izinhlobo zenhlekelele yemvelo
Noma yisiphi isenzakalo esithinta amazinga adlulele sithathwa njengenhlekelele yemvelo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:
- I-Avalanche: ukuwa kwenqwaba yeqhwa elinendawo eweni ngenxa yomphumela wamandla adonsela phansi. Uma kwenzeka ezindaweni ezinabantu noma ezihanjwa ngabantu, kungaholela enhlekeleleni enkulu.
- Isiphepho saseTropical: Ziyizivunguvungu ezizungezayo ezinobukhulu obukhulu. Lezi zishingishane zihambisana nemvula enamandla kanye nomoya onamandla. Imimoya ingabangela izinxushunxushu olwandle, izikhukhula, ibhidlize ingqalasizinda, futhi ingabangela nokufa. Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngeziphepho, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde isihloko esithi amafilimu mayelana nezinhlekelele zemvelo.
- Amaslayidi aphansi: Kungumnyakazo ofana ne-avalanche kodwa enobuningi bezwe emithambekeni eyimiqansa. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa yemvula enamandla futhi ehlala isikhathi eside egcwalisa umhlabathi ngamanzi futhi ibangele ukudilika komhlaba. Zingenzeka futhi ngenxa yokuba khona kokuzamazama komhlaba.
- Ubhadane lwezifo nobhadane lwezifo: Izifo ezithathelwanayo zingadala izinkinga ezinkulu. Izifo eziwumqedazwe zisakazeka ngokutheleleka futhi zingaholela kubhubhane.
- Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo: kungukuxoshwa okukhulu kwemagma, umlotha kanye namagesi aqhamuka ezingubeni Zomhlaba. I-magma ikhukhuleka ibe ukugeleza okunqamula ebusweni bomhlaba bese kushisa konke okusendleleni yayo.
- Isichotho Isichotho esinamandla esinetshe leqhwa elingu-5-50mm singaba nomthelela futhi sidale umonakalo omkhulu. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ukulinganisa kwesichotho.
- Imithelela yemeteorite neye-comet: akuvamile kodwa kungadala umonakalo omkhulu. I-meteorite ingumzimba omncane wasezulwini osayizi wamamitha angama-50 ububanzi.
- Imililo yehlathi: Imililo eminingi yamahlathi ibangelwa abantu, nakuba eminingi yenzeka ngokwemvelo. Izimo zesomiso ezimbi kakhulu zingabangela ukuvutha ngokuzenzekelayo kwezitshalo ezomile, ngaleyo ndlela kuqale umlilo. Ngalo mqondo, ungabonisana kabanzi mayelana ne- umonakalo odalwe umlilo.
- Izikhukhula: Adalwa ukugcwala kwemifula namachibi amakhulu uma kunemvula eningi. Ikhava ende ingacekela phansi ingqalasizinda, ihudule izilwane nabantu, isiphule izihlahla, njll. Uma ufuna icala lakamuva, ungafunda ngalo. izikhukhula eSri Lanka.
- Isomiso: Ukungabikho kwemvula isikhathi eside kanye nomphumela wokushisa ophakeme. Izitshalo ziyalahleka, izilwane ziyafa, futhi abantu bayaphoqeleka ukuba bayishiye indawo ngenxa yendlala nokoma. Ungathola amacala afana nalawa isomiso eKenya.
- Ukuzamazama komhlaba: Zesatshwa impela ngoba aziqageleki futhi zingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ingabhidlika izakhiwo, ibangele ukuqhuma, iphule amapayipi amanzi, amadamu nezinye izingozi. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalokhu kuxhumana, ungafunda mayelana .
- Iziphepho zesihlabathi nothuli: Zenzeka ezindaweni eziwugwadule kanye neziwugwadule. Izingwadule ikakhulukazi zibangelwa umoya onamandla onyakazisa isihlabathi bese wenza amafu angabangela ukufa kwezidalwa eziphilayo ngenxa yokuminyanisa nokuhuzuka.
- Izinhlayiya ezimisiwe- Kubangelwa yisiphepho sesihlabathi nothuli futhi kungaba yizinto ezingcolisa kakhulu eziyinkinga ezibanga izinkinga ezinkulu zokuphefumula.
- Iziphepho zikagesi: Zenzeka ngenxa yokuqongelelwa kokuvuselelwa komoya oshisayo nomswakama ongena endaweni engazinzile impela. Ngenxa yalokhu, umbani nombani kukhiqizwa kuhambisana nemvula enkulu, umoya kanye nesichotho.
- Iziphepho: kungukunwetshwa kwefu okwakha isigaxa somoya ekuguqukeni. Zingonakalisa ingqalasizinda, zilimaze imizila yezokuxhumana futhi zisongele izimpilo zezilwane nabantu.
- Ama-tsunami: zibizwa nangokuthi amagagasi olwandle. Zibangelwa ukuba khona kokuzamazama komhlaba ngaphansi kwamanzi okudala amagagasi amakhulu ahamba ngejubane elikhulu. Ngomthelela ogwini bangaveza izinhlekelele ezinkulu ngenxa yomthelela nezikhukhula.
- Ukushisa kwegagasi: Kuqukethe ukwanda okujwayelekile kokushisa kwesifunda ngaphezu kwesilinganiso esejwayelekile kule ndawo efanayo nesikhathi sonyaka. Imvamisa kuhambisana nesomiso.
- Igagasi elibandayo: Kuphambene negagasi lokushisa futhi ngokuvamile kuhambisana nesimo sezulu esibi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini inhlekelele yemvelo nezimpawu zayo.