Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa amaphakathi emhlabeni jikelele sinezinguquko ezihlukene emkhathini naselwandle. Kulokhu, i-Atlantic Ocean ixwayisa ngoshintsho olubhekene nalo ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. I iziphepho e-Atlantic bayanda futhi kanye nabo ukwakheka kweziphepho kanye neziphepho ezinamandla.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela ukuthi yini ebangela ukwanda kweziphepho e-Atlantic nokuthi iyini imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean eya ngokuya ishisa.
Iziphepho e-Atlantic
I-Atlantic Ocean iyaxwayisa. Lesi isifinyezo sezinguquko zokuguquguquka komkhathi ezibonwe eminyakeni yamuva nje ezithinta inyakatho yeMacaronesia, indawo ehlanganisa i-Azores, iCanary Islands, iMadeira neziqhingi eziwugwadule, kanye neningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Konke kukhomba esimweni sezulu sesifunda esishintshashintsha sibe shisayo.
Selokhu kwafika umlando ngo-2005 wesiphepho se-tropical Delta kuya e-Canary Islands, inani leziphepho ezishisayo ezidlula kulezi zifunda. liye lenyuka kakhulu kule minyaka engu-15 edlule. Lezi zishingishane izindawo ezinengcindezi ephansi kakhulu futhi azibonisi ukuziphatha okujwayelekile kweziphepho ezimaphakathi ne-latitude noma izishingishane esizijwayele kule ngxenye yeplanethi. Kunalokho, babonisa izici ezifana kakhulu neziphepho ezivamile ezivame ukuba nomthelela e-Caribbean ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic.
Eqinisweni, lezi zigigaba ziya ngokuya zifana neziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo ngesakhiwo nangemvelo. Kangangoba i-U.S. National Hurricane Centre ikhulise ucwaningo lwayo kanye nokuqapha umcengezi wethu eminyakeni yamuva, iqamba iqembu elibalulekile lalezi zenzakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i- ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu idala imiphumela ebalulekile endleleni lezi zivunguvungu ezikhula ngayo, njengoba kuye kwafakazelwa futhi ukwandisa umsebenzi wesiphepho kwezinye izifunda.
Iziphepho ezanda e-Atlantic
I-anomaly eshiwo ngenhla inyukile eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. Sinezibonelo ezithile eziphawulekayo:
- I-Hurricane Alex (2016) Kwenzeka eningizimu ye-Azores, cishe i-1.000 km ukusuka eziQhingini zaseCanary. Ngokuvunguza okuphezulu okusimeme okungamakhilomitha ayi-140 ngehora, ifinyelela isimo sesiphepho futhi ihamba ngomkhumbi ngendlela engavamile ukunqamula iNyakatho ye-Atlantic. Kube yisiphepho sokuqala ukwakheka ngoJanuwari kusukela ngo-1938.
- I-Hurricane Ophelia (2017), isiphepho sokuqala seSaffir-Simpson Category 3 empumalanga ye-Atlantic selokhu kwaqala amarekhodi (1851). U-Ophelia wazuza imimoya ephakeme eqhubekayo engaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-170 ngehora.
- I-Hurricane Leslie (2018), isiphepho sokuqala esafika eduze nogu oluyinhlonhlo (amakhilomitha ayikhulu). Ishaye iPortugal ekuseni nomoya ohamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-100 ngehora.
- I-Hurricane Pablo (2019), isiphepho esiseduzane kakhulu esake saba khona eYurophu.
- Njengegagasi eliphezulu lokugcina, i-Tropical Storm Theta yasongela i-Canary Islands, amakhilomitha angu-300 nje ukusuka ekuthinteni ngokugcwele iziqhingi.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zimo, kunohlu olude oluhambisana nazo, njengoba zixakile ngokwedlulele futhi zithinta izindawo ezishiwo ngenhla. Ngakho-ke, imvamisa ikhuphuke yaba kanye ngonyaka eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, futhi ngisho nangaphezu kokukodwa eminyakeni emibili edlule. Ngaphambi kuka-2005, imvamisa yayiyiyodwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu noma emine, ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni enkulu yomthelela. Lolu shintsho lungabuye luhlobane ne-a ukufudumala kwezwe okuthinta ngqo ugu futhi njengoba kuye kwashiwo ekuqageleni okuhlukahlukene ku isizini yesiphepho esebenzayo e-Atlantic.
Okudidayo ngesizini ka-2020
Lokhu kuyivelakancane kuhambisana nokwenzeka ngesikhathi seziphepho kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuNovemba kulo nyaka. Izibikezelo sezivele zikhomba isizini esebenza kakhulu efinyelela umvuthwandaba ngeziphepho ezingama-30, irekhodi langempela. Lokho kusho ukuthi baqanjwe kusetshenziswa izinhlamvu zesiGreki, ngale kwesizini yomlando ka-2005.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isizini futhi ibonakala ngeziphepho ezinkulu ezisebenzayo zeSigaba 3 noma ngaphezulu. Eqinisweni, ijoyina amasizini amane okuqala okokuqala selokhu kwaqala amarekhodi (1851) lokho okungenani isiphepho esisodwa seSigaba 5 sakhe amasizini amahlanu alandelanayo. Lesi sakamuva sihambisana kakhulu nokuqagela kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwanda kweziphepho e-Atlantic, futhi kubonakala ukuthi iziphepho ezinamandla kakhulu zinamandla ngokulinganayo futhi zivame kakhulu, njengoba kubonakala ekuhlaziyeni isizini yakamuva yomlando.
Izifundo zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwanda kweziphepho e-Atlantic kanye nezindawo ezishisayo zale ngxenye yomhlaba kuhlobene nemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Impendulo inguyebo, kodwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka.. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sidinga ukwazi ubudlelwano nemicimbi ebhekiwe, futhi e-Spain sisantula amandla obuchwepheshe okuqhuba uhlobo lwezifundo zesichasiso ezisebenzayo ezenziwa kwamanye amazwe. Esingakwazi ukukusungula ubuhlobo obusekelwe ocwaningweni lokuqagela kwezimo zezulu zesikhathi esizayo ezithatha ukuthi lezi zenzakalo zenzeka kaningi ezindaweni zethu zamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukusho lokho ukujwayela izitshalo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu futhi idlala indima ekusebenzisaneni nalezi zimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.
Yilapho esingakha khona ubudlelwano, nakuba ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuhlonzwe futhi kuthuthukiswe imininingwane yalezi zenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlela ukuzivumelanisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okulindelekile. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi kungenzeka lokho ungalokothi ufinyelele ukuqina okuphezulu njengesigaba 3 noma ngaphezuluIziphepho neziphepho ezincane zasezindaweni ezishisayo nazo zikhathaza kakhulu ngenxa yomthelela wazo omkhulu ogwini lwase-US futhi kufanele kwengezwe ukuthi eSpain besingakakulungeli ngokugcwele lokhu.
Esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe ukuthi bethula ukungaqiniseki okukhulu kwizibikezelo zabo. Ngokungafani nezindawo ezishisayo, lapho amathrekhi esishingishane ethonywa yizinto ezingabikezelwa, njengoba lezi zishingishane ziqala ukusondela ku-latitude yethu emaphakathi, zithonywa izici ezingabikezeleki kancane, nokwanda kokungaqiniseki.
Esinye isici esibalulekile amandla okuba nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu lapho ziqala ukuguqukela eziphephweni eziphakathi nendawo, inguquko eyaziwa ngokuthi i-extratropical transition, engase ibangele ukuthi bakhulise ububanzi bawo.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukunaka nokungaqiniseki okungenzeka kumathrendi akhona kule nto esikhuluma ngayo. Nakuba zonke lezi zinguquko zihlale zicatshangelwa ngokubhekisela kumarekhodi omlando kusukela ngo-1851, empeleni kusukela ngo-1966 lapho la marekhodi. zingabhekwa njengeziqinile futhi eziqhathanisekayo nalezo zenkathi yethu yamanje, ngoba lokho kuyisiqalo salokho okungenzeka. Zibhekisise ngamasathelayithi. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kufanele kuhlale kukhunjulwe lapho kuhlaziywa amathrendi abonwa eziphepho ezishisayo neziphepho.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezimbangela zokwanda kweziphepho e-Atlantic.
