Siyazi ukuthi iJupiter iyiplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwelanga. Kuningi okubhekiwe okwenziwe ukuthola ukuthi Iziphuphutheki zeJupiter. Kuze kube manje, kuyaziwa ukuthi kunezinyanga ezingu-79 kule planethi. Amasathelayithi emvelo abizwa nangokuthi izinyanga futhi ayindikimba yasezulwini ezungeza iplanethi. Esigungwini sonozungezilanga kunamaplanethi ayi-6 kuphela anamasathelayithi emvelo ngaphandle kweMercury neVenus.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici nokutholwa kwama-satellite e-Jupiter.
Izici ze-Jupiter
Ubuningi beJupiter bucishe kube yikota ukuminyana kweplanethi yethu. Noma kunjalo, ingaphakathi lakhiwe kakhulu amagesi i-hydrogen, i-helium ne-argon. Ngokungafani noMhlaba, awukho umehluko ocacile phakathi komhlaba noMkhathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amagesi asemkhathini aguquka kancane kancane abe uketshezi.
I-Hydrogen icindezelwe kangangokuthi isesimweni se-metallic liquid. Lokhu akwenzeki eplanethi yethu. Ngenxa yebanga nobunzima bokufunda ingaphakathi lale planethi, akwaziwa okwamanje ukuthi i-nucleus yakhiwa yini. Kucatshangelwa okwezinto ezinamatshe ezinjengeqhwa, uma kubhekwa amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelene namandla ayo, inguquko eyodwa ezungeze iLanga njalo eminyakeni engu-11,9 yoMhlaba. Ngenxa yebanga nokuzungeza kwayo okude, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuzungeza iLanga kuneplanethi yethu. Itholakala ebangeni le-orbital elingamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-778. Umhlaba kanye neJupiter kunezikhathi lapho zisondelana futhi ziqhelelana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imigudu yazo ayifani minyaka yonke. Njalo eminyakeni engama-47, ibanga phakathi kwamaplanethi liyahlukahluka.
Ibanga elincane phakathi kwamaplanethi amabili ngamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-590. Leli banga lenzeke ngonyaka wezi-2013. Kodwa-ke la maplanethi angatholakala ebangeni eliphezulu elingamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-676.
Iziphuphutheki zeJupiter
Kusukela ukufunda kwaqala ngonyaka Kusukela ngo-1892 kuze kube namuhla, uhlu lwamasathelayithi e-Jupiter lungama-79. Ziye zatholwa kancane kancane futhi izici zazo ziye zatholakala. Baqanjwe ngezithandwa, ngemibono namadodakazi kaNkulunkulu kaJupiter. Lawa masathelayithi ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana: njalo futhi okungajwayelekile. Ngaphakathi kweqembu lokuqala sinezinyanga zaseGalile kanti kwezinye ezingajwayelekile sinezinyanga ezithuthukisa kanye nezibuyisela emuva. Kunezinyanga ezingu-8 ezivamile, zonke ezinomjikelezo we-prograde. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ku-orbit ukunyakaza komzimba wasezulwini kuzungeza ohlangothini olufanayo lapho iplanethi izungeza khona. Akuwona wonke amasathelayithi ayindilinga, kodwa amanye ane-amorphous ngokuphelele.
Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi iziphuphutheki zakhiwa kuyi- circumplanetary disk, indandatho yegesi enqwabelanayo nezingcezu eziqinile ezifana nediski ye-protoplanetary ezungeze inkanyezi. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokwakheka kwalezi zindikimba zasezulwini, ungathintana nesihloko amanzi kwamanye amaplanethi namasathelayithi futhi uhlole okwengeziwe mayelana ukwakheka kanye neziphepho zeJupiter.
Ngokuqhubeka nokuhlukana, sinezinyanga ezingajwayelekile. Ziyizinto ezincane ngosayizi futhi zikude kakhulu kunezijwayelekile. Zinemizila yazo zonke izinhlobo. Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu elikhulu sinezinyanga ezinemizila ye-prograde. Ngaphakathi kokuhlukaniswa kwezinyanga ezingajwayelekile sithola namanye amaqembu. Elokuqala yiqembu le-Himalia. Yiqembu lamasathelayithi e-Jupiter anomjikelezo ofanayo futhi aqanjwe ngenyanga enkulu kunazo zonke kuleso sifunda. Kubizwa kanjalo ngoba IHimalia ingu-170 km ububanzi uma iqhathaniswa no-36, 20 no-80 km kuListea, Leda ne-Elara. Ngokulandelana.
Bese sinelinye iqembu phakathi kwezinyanga ezingajwayelekile. Abizwa ngokuthi ama-retrogrades. Lezi zinyanga ziqanjwe kanjalo ngoba zinomjikelezo ophambene nokuzungeza kweJupiter. Kuleli qembu sinazo zonke ezinye izinyanga ezifika ku-79. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana namasathelayithi esimiso sethu sonozungezilanga, ungabheka isihloko esithi. Amasathelayithi eSaturn.
Iziphuphutheki eziyinhloko zeJupiter
Izinyanga eziyinhloko zale planethi ziyi-4 futhi zibizwa ngokuthi i-Io, i-Europa, i-Ganymede ne-Callisto. Lezi zinyanga ezine zingezaseGalile futhi ziyingxenye yezinyanga ezivamile futhi zingabonakala ngesibonakude esivela emhlabeni wethu.
Inyanga Io
Iyinyanga eseduze neminyene kunazo zonke ezinyanga zaseGalile. Lapha singathola amathafa abanzi kakhulu nezinye izintaba, kodwa ayinawo ama-craters abangelwa umthelela we-meteorite. Njengoba ingenawo ama-craters, kucatshangwa ukuthi ineminyaka encane ye-geological. Inezintaba-mlilo ezingaphezu kuka-400 ezisebenzayo, okuyizinto zasezulwini ezisebenza kakhulu ngokwesimiso sonozungezilanga sonke.
Inomoya omncane, omncane omncane owakhiwe yi-sulphur dioxide, phakathi kwamanye amagesi. Ayinawo amanzi ngenxa yokuba seduze neplanethi kanye nomthelela enawo kule nyanga. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana namasathelayithi e-Jupiter, ungavakashela lesi sihloko mayelana ne iziphuphutheki zemvelo kanye nezigaba zayo.
Inyanga Europa
Incane kunazo zonke ezinyangeni ezi-4 eziyinhloko. Inoqweqwe oluneqhwa kanye nomnyombo cishe owakhiwe ngensimbi ne-nickel. Umkhathi wayo nawo mncane futhi mncane futhi wakhiwe ikakhulukazi umoya-mpilo. Ingaphezulu libushelelezi, futhi lokhu kuthungwa kuye kwenza ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi yayinolwandle ngaphansi kwamanzi olwalungasetshenziselwa ukudala ukuphila. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphila kuyenzeka, i-Europa isibe isathelayithi ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuyihlola kuwo wonke amasistimu sonozungezilanga. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, bheka isihloko ku ijupiter inezinyanga ezingaki.
I-Jupiter Satellites: Inyanga Ganymede
Iyisathelayithi enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwonozungezilanga futhi ukuphela kwayo enamandla ayo kazibuthe. Iphindwe kabili ubukhulu benyanga yethu futhi naye cishe ulingana ngeminyaka. Yakhiwa ikakhulukazi ama-silicates neqhwa. Umnyombo wawo ucwile futhi ucebile ngensimbi. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi kunolwandle lwangaphakathi olungabamba amanzi amaningi ukwedlula zonke izilwandle eziseMhlabeni. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nale planethi ethakazelisayo, vakashela isihloko esithi iplanethi Jupiter.
INyanga yeCallisto
Iyisathelayithi yesibili ngobukhulu yeJupiter. Ayikutholi ukushisa ngenxa yamandla olwandle abangelwa amandla adonsela phansi e-Jupiter. Ikude kakhulu. Inomjikelezo ohambisanayo futhi ihlale ikhombisa ubuso obufanayo emhlabeni, njengoba kwenza inyanga yoMhlaba.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana neziphuphutheki ze-Jupiter nezimpawu zazo.