Kukhona impilo emafwiniNgaphandle kwezinhlayiya zamanzi, ama-aerosol, amakristalu e-ice, noma uthuli, iqembu lase-United States lithole ukuthi impilo ikhona emafwini. Yize bekusolwa kusukela kudala, manje sinobufakazi bangempela bokuthi kunjalo sibonga isivivinyo abasenzile.
Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthi kusukela manje uma siphakamisela amehlo ethu esibhakabhakeni futhi sibona amafu, akunakugwenywa ukucabanga ukuthi nakuwo kukhona izidalwa eziphilayo. Kepha kunjalo, futhi namhlanje sizochaza ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani lokhu. Ngoba lomhlaba uyaqhubeka nokuba nezimanga nezimanga lapho bekubonakala sengathi konke sekuvele kutholakele.
Ngubani futhi kanjani lesi silingo?
Ithimba laseCalifornia, eSan Diego, nase-US Scripps Oceanographic Institution, bathatha amathonsi emvula namaconsi amanzi acwebezelayo (iqhwa) phakathi nokundiza emafwini. Ekuhlaziyeni, bathole ukuthi zakhiwe izinhlayiya zothuli nezinye izinto eziphilayo, kanye namagciwane, izinhlamvu zesikhunta, nezinye izinsalela zezitshalo. Ukuhlaziya empeleni Bekuwumzamo wokucacisa ukuthi zithonya kanjani ukwakheka kwamafu., okusiholela ekuqondeni ukubaluleka izinhlobo zamafu nokwakheka kwawo nobuhlobo bayo ne ukuphila emafwini.
Indiza ka-C-130
Ukuhlaziywa kuthathwe ngendiza eyi-C-130 emafwini. Indiza yayifakwe i-mass spectrometer ne-ice chamber. Izilinganiso zesampula zithathwe "in situ," ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukunquma ukuthi ukulinganisa kulungile ngaphandle kokuvumela ezinye izici ukuthi zikuthonye. Lolu hlobo locwaningo lungasiza ukuqonda ukuguquguquka kwe ukwakheka kwamafu kumongo wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu nokuthi zihlobana kanjani ukuphila emafwini.
Bavuke kanjani lapho?
Esinye seziphetho ososayensi abafinyelela kuzo yizo imisinga yomoya. Isibonelo, izivunguvungu zesihlabathi ezingabangelwa e-Asia, zisiza ukwakheka nokwakhiwa kwamaconsi amanzi emafini. Lezi lapho zivuka zithwala izinhlayiya zothuli, sichaze kanjani, futhi phakathi kwabo izinhlamvu zesikhunta, amabhaktheriya, njll Lokhu kulandela ukuthi imvula ewela eMelika ingathwala amagciwane asuka e-Asia. Lokhu kuhlobene nezifundo eziye zabonisa ukuhlukahluka kwebhayoloji ezinhlelweni zamafu, ukudala indawo evumela ukuphila emafwini.
U-Anne-Marine Schmoltner we I-American National Science Foundation (I-NFS), okuyibo abaxhasa lo msebenzi, uthe: "manje sekutholakele ukuthi hhayi kuphela uthuli lwezinto ezingaphili, kepha nezinhlayiya zebhayoloji uqobo zidlala indima enkulu ekwakhekeni kwamafu."
Impela, kusukela manje kuqhubeke, lapho ubheka "phezulu lapho," uzobona okuthile okungaphezu komphunga wamanzi ojiyile.