Uma uzishisekela ngalezi zimo zezulu, cishe uyazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka yini lokho amafomu enkanyamba ye-F5 eSpain, akunjalo? Kungaba kuhle ukubona abanye, inqobo nje uma kwakhiwa ezindaweni lapho kwakungekho muntu osengozini.
Ingabe kungaba neziphepho eSpain? Yebo, kunjalo, kodwa akekho uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezibonwa e-United States, enezimo ezivumayo kakhulu zokwakheka kwezishingishane emhlabeni. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe izivunguvungu eSpain, uzothola ulwazi oluthakazelisayo mayelana nezici zayo.
I-United States, ikakhulukazi i-Oklahoma, yaziwa ngezenzakalo zayo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, kuhlanganise neziphepho. Njalo ngonyaka, kuqoshwa iziphepho eziningana ezishiya abazingeli benkanyamba bemangele. Lezi zenzakalo ziyamangalisa futhi ngokuvamile ziyi-photogenic, kodwa futhi zingabangela umonakalo. Uma unethuba lokuya kulezo zindawo, akufanele neze usondele ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-2.
E-Spain, iziphepho azidluli isigaba F1.. Nakuba zingadala umonakalo othile wezinto ezibonakalayo, lokhu ngokuvamile kuncane futhi asikho isidingo sokwethuka ngokweqile. NgokukaJerónimo Lorente, uprofesa wesayensi yesimo sezulu eNyuvesi yaseBarcelona, amathuba okwakhiwa kwenkanyamba ye-F4 noma i-F5 ezweni lethu aphansi kakhulu, nakuba kukhona umkhawulo omncane ongenzeka. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nokwakheka kwenkanyamba, ungathintana Kungani iziphepho zenzeka eSpain.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ogwini lwethu okulandelayo kuvame kakhulu: iziphethu zamanzi, evame ukwakheka eMedithera ngaphansi kwesisekelo samafu e-cumuliform, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuphela kwehlobo. Nakuba kuyizinto ezifanayo nezishingishane, umehluko omkhulu ukuthi ama-waterspout ahlala olwandle futhi isivinini sayo somoya siphansi kakhulu, ifinyelela phakathi kuka-110 no-130 km/h. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngalezi zakhiwo, ungabona ama-waterspout amangalisayo.
Noma kunjalo, umlando wesimo sezulu waseSpain uye wabona izishingishane zidala umonakalo omkhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, isishingishane esagadla eCádiz ngo-March 1671, okulinganiselwa ukuthi sasinobukhulu be-F4, sikhunjulwa njengesinye esicekele phansi kakhulu emlandweni wezwe. Nakuba sekudlule iminyaka eminingi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lokhu kusikhumbuza ukuthi iziphepho ezinamandla, nakuba zingavamile, zisengenzeka.
Ngingathanda ukubona ifomu le-F5 tornado, ungangi? Okungenani okwamanje, kuzodingeka sibhekane neziphepho ze-F1 nama-waterspout.
Izibalo zeTornado eSpain
Ucwaningo lwakamuva luqokomisa ukuthi, ngemva kweminyaka engu-20 yokuqoqa ulwazi ngezishingishane eSpain, kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi lezi zimo zezulu aziyivelakancane njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili. Ngokomcwaningi we-Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), cishe iziphepho ezingama-22 kuye kwezingama-29 zenzeka minyaka yonke eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia kanye naseziqhingini zaseBalearic. Sekukonke, kubhalwe phansi iziphepho ezingaphezu kuka-1.000, okubonisa ukuthi indawo yaseSpain ingathonywa yilezi zenzakalo.. Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okujulile, ungavakashela izishingishane ezibhubhisa kakhulu emlandweni.
Ukuhlaziywa kukaMiquel Gayà, isazi sesimo sezulu esaziwayo saseSpain, kuveza ukuthi phakathi kuka-1826 no-1975, kwaqoshwa inani elikhulu leziphepho eMadrid, okusikisela ukuthi Ukuminyana kwabantu kuthonya inani lezehlakalo lokho kungabhalwa phansi. Ukuminyana kwabantu abaningi ezindaweni ezifana neMadrid kwenza kube lula ukuthi lezi zigigaba ziqoshwe., ngokungafani nezindawo ezinabantu abambalwa. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuqonda isimo senkanyamba eSpain.
I-Iberian Peninsula kanye neziQhingi zaseBalearic zibhekwa njengezifunda lapho umsebenzi wenkanyamba uvame kakhulu khona, futhi izehlakalo ziqoshwe ezindaweni ezifana neGulf of Cádiz kanye nogu lwaseMedithera. Isibonelo, ngo-2009, iziphepho ezintathu zabhalwa esiqhingini saseMallorca. Futhi, kuyathakazelisa ukutadisha lapho kuvela khona izishingishane eziningi.
Izimo Zezulu Ezivuna Izivunguvungu
Iziphepho eSpain zivame ukwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zezulu ezivumela ukwakheka kwazo. Ukuhlaziywa kabusha kwe-ERA5 kuhlonze amaphethini omkhathi angu-12 ahlotshaniswa nokwakheka kwezishingishane enhlonhlweni naseziqhingini. Lezi zenzakalo ngokuvamile zenzeka ezimweni lapho kukhona:
- Iminikelo yomswakama wasolwandle: Umswakama osezingqimbeni ezingezansi ubalulekile ekwakhekeni kwalezi ziphepho.
- Amandla e-Convective: Ukungazinzi okukhulu kwesimo sezulu esivumela umoya oshisayo ukuthi ukhuphuke.
- Ukugunda umoya: Ukuhlukahluka kokuqondisa komoya kanye nesivinini esinobude, okubalulekile ekwakhekeni kwama-supercell, uhlobo lwesiphepho esihlotshaniswa kakhulu neziphepho.
Esigodini saseMedithera, izishingishane zivame ukwakheka phakathi kwezinyanga zasehlobo nasekwindla. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, lesi simo sivame ukuhlotshaniswa nomoya oheleza olwandle, kuyilapho ekwindla, ukwakheka kwesiphepho kungathonywa yi-DANA (Isolated Upper-Level Lows). Uma ufuna ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nalesi simo, ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ukuthi kwakheka kanjani isiphepho.
E-Atlantic, izivunguvungu zivame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi esibandayo, ikakhulukazi kusukela ekwindla ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa nokucindezeleka okujulile kwe-Atlantic.
Amacala Omlando We-Tornado eSpain
Kunezimo eziningana zomlando zeziphepho ezibhubhisayo eSpain ezifanele ukukhunjulwa, kanye nomthelela wazo kubantu nengqalasizinda:
- I-Cádiz Hurricane (1671): Lesi sishingishane sithathwa njengesicekeleke phansi kakhulu eSpain, nokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-60 nokucekeleka phansi kwengxenye yesithathu yezakhiwo zedolobha.
- I-Madrid Tornado (1886): Lo mcimbi awugcinanga ngokubulala abantu abangu-47, kodwa ushiye nezibazi ezijulile edolobheni, okuhlanganisa nokuwa kwezakhiwo nokuwa kwezinkulungwane zezihlahla.
- I-Seville Tornado (1978): Lesi simo sidale umonakalo omkhulu esikhumulweni sezindiza saseSeville, ikakhulukazi ukucekelwa phansi kwe-Avión Bar edumile.
- I-Maestrazgo Tornado (1999): Inkanyamba yesigaba se-F3 yawela isifunda sase-Maestrazgo futhi, nakuba yadala umonakalo endaweni yemvelo, ngenhlanhla ayizange ithinte ngokuqondile izindawo okuhlalwa kuzo.
- I-Mallorca Tornado (2007): Lesi sishingishane sidale ukufa komuntu oyedwa kanye nomonakalo omkhulu wempahla esiqhingini, okugqamisa amandla okubhubhisa iziphepho ezindaweni zaseMedithera.
Lezi zenzakalo ziyisikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kokutadisha nokuqonda izishingishane eSpain, kanye nokulungiselelwa imiphumela yazo engase ibe khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukwazi ungasinda kanjani enkanyaneni.
Nakuba izivunguvungu eSpain zingajwayelekile noma zingenamandla njengakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ukuba khona kwazo kuyindaba engathi sína edinga ukunakwa. Ngolwazi oluthe xaxa lwamaphethini akhuthaza ukwakheka kwazo kanye nomlando walezi zigigaba ezweni, sizolungela kangcono ukubhekana nanoma yisiphi isenzakalo esingase sivele.
