Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kube yinto ekhona kuwo wonke umlando weplanethi yethu, kodwa lesi esibhekene naso manje siye sadlondlobala ikakhulukazi ngenxa umsebenzi womuntu. Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni liqhubeka landa, nesidingo sezinto ezinjengokudla, izindlu namandla siyanda. Lokhu kwanda kwesidingo kunethonya elikhulu esimweni sezulu sekhaya lethu, iplanethi enguMhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, sibhekene nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke okusheshayo, okunomthelela ekuncibilikeni kwezinguzunga zeqhwa, bese kubangela ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kwezinga lolwandle.
Abantu baqala nini ukuthonya isimo sezulu?
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lusikisela ukuthi ithonya lomuntu esimweni sezulu laqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ngaphambili. Ngokocwaningo olushicilelwe ngabakwa I-American Geophysical Union, inkinga yamazinga okushisa aphezulu ihlotshaniswa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kusukela ngonyaka 1937. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwabhalwa iminyaka eminingana ebucayi, efana ne-1940, 1941, 1943-1944, 1980-1981, 1987-1988, 1990, 1995, 1997-1998, 2010 kanye no-2014, okuye kwabhalwa ngokungavamile izinga lokushisa.
Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwama-aerosols ezimbonini kuye kwawufihla kancane umthelela wabantu esimweni sezulu, njengoba lawa ma-aerosol ane kupholisa. Kodwa-ke, ukubheka izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene zezulu ezedlula ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kuye kwaholela esiphethweni sokuthi amarekhodi amaningi aphulwa phakathi neminyaka eyisithupha edlule, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezifana ne-Australia, engathonywa kangako ukugxiliswa kwe-aerosol.
Ukunyamalala kwama-aerosols emkhathini kuholele ekubuyeni kokufudumala. Lo mphumela uye wabonakala ezindaweni ezifana neYurophu Ephakathi, e-United States, eMpumalanga Asia, nase-Australia, lapho kuye kwaphawulwa khona ukwanda okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa. Ngaphandle kwase-Australia, lapho kungazange kube khona izikhathi zokupholisa ngeminyaka yawo-70s, zonke ezinye izindawo ezishiwo ziye zehlela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa okubangelwa ama-aerosol.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu akuzivezi ngokwanda kwamazinga okushisa kuphela. Kuthinta futhi eziphilayo, lo ukutholakala kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nebhalansi ye-ecosystem, okuholela imvelo esimweni esibucayi. Izinguquko ezinkulu ziyabonakala endleleni izilwane ezifuduka ngayo, ukuqhakaza kwezitshalo, nezinye izenzakalo zemvelo.
Ithonya Lomuntu Ekuguquguqukeni Kwesimo Sezulu
Ithonya labantu esimweni sezulu liye laba yinkulumompikiswano yesayensi amashumi eminyaka. Umsebenzi wezimboni, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kungezinye zezinqubo ezibe nomthelela ekwandeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, njenge-carbon dioxide (CO2) ne-methane (CH4). Lokhu kwanda kokugcwala kwala magesi emkhathini kuye kwaholela emphumela omubi we-greenhouse, okubangela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke okubeka ukuzinza kwezimiso zemvelo engcupheni. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nendlela Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kubangela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke esihlokweni sethu esiqondile.
Isibonelo, i Iphaneli Yohulumeni Bezizwe Ngezinguquko Zesimo Sezulu (IPCC) iye yagomela ngokuthi imisebenzi yabantu inembangela yokunyuka kwamazinga okushisa embulunga yonke kusukela ngawo-1950 Ikakhulukazi, i-IPCC iye yagqamisa ukuthi umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwezinkathi zonyaka ubulokhu uncipha, okuwuphawu olucacile lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa abacwaningi e-Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences lwaphetha ngokuthi ithonya lomuntu esimweni sezulu laqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu kunangaphambili. Lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuthi umehluko wezinkathi zonyaka ekushiseni kwehle kakhulu kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, okuphakamisa ukuthi umthelela womuntu esimweni sezulu mdala kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambilini.
Umthelela Wegesi Elibamba Ukushisa
Amagesi abamba ukushisa, njenge-CO2, i-methane, ne-nitrous oxide, abalulekile ekuqondeni ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. La magesi anesibopho sokubamba ukushisa emkhathini, okubangela ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa emhlabeni. Naphezu kokuba kubalulekile ekuphileni, ukukhishwa kwegesi okubangelwa abantu kuye kwakwandisa kakhulu ukugxila kwawo emkhathini, okusheshisa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
- I-Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Le gesi ingenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Imisebenzi yabantu, ikakhulukazi ukushiswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, inyuse amazinga abo ngokuthi a 50% kusukela kuNguquko Yezimboni.
- IMethane (CH4): Nakuba incane kakhulu, iyigesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla kakhulu kune-CO2. Ikhiqizwa emisebenzini yezolimo kanye nokubola kwe izinto eziphilayo.
- I-Nitrous oxide (N2O): Le gesi ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi izindlela zezolimo futhi iye yanda a 18% kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule.
- I-Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwehliswe kakhulu ngenxa ye-Montreal Protocol, lezi zinhlanganisela zezimboni ziye zadala umonakalo omkhulu ongqimbeni lolwandle. ozone.
Njengoba isintu siqhubeka nokukhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini, kulindeleke ukuthi amazinga okushisa aqhubeke enyuka. Ososayensi baxwayisa ngokuthi ngaphandle kwesinyathelo esinqala, singase sibhekane nokwanda kokuphakathi 1,5 futhi 4 degrees Celsius ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, okuyoba nemiphumela elimazayo hhayi kuphela endaweni ezungezile, kodwa nasempilweni yabantu kanye nomnotho womhlaba. Uma ufuna ukuqonda kangcono lezi zibikezelo nemithelela yazo, hlola ukuhlaziya kwethu kokuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu samanje kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani.
Imiphumela Yokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu
Imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ihlukahlukene futhi ibonakala ngezigigaba ezifana nokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle, izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi njengeziphepho nesomiso, nokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Abantu abasengozini enkulu emhlabeni yilabo abahlupheka kakhulu ngale miphumela, kanye nemvelo esengozini ngenxa yokulahleka kwemvelo. izindawo zokuhlala nezinguquko ku- amaketanga okudla.
Phakathi kwemiphumela ephawuleka kakhulu yilezi:
- Ukunyuka kwezinga lolwandle: Izinguzunga zeqhwa ezincibilikayo kanye nokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa olwandle kubangela ukuphakama kwamanzi olwandle, kusongela imiphakathi egudle ugu kanye nesimiso sezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
- Imicimbi Yesimo Sezulu Esidlulele: Kube nokukhula kwemvamisa nokuqina kwezinto ezifana neziphepho, amagagasi okushisa, nesomiso, okuthinta kokubili ezolimo nengqalasizinda.
- Ukulahleka Kwezinto Ezihlukahlukene: Izinhlobo eziningi ziphoqeleka ukuba zizivumelanise ngokushesha nezinguquko endaweni yazo noma zifudukele ezindaweni ezintsha, kuyilapho ezinye zisengozini yokushabalala.
- Umthelela Empilweni Yomuntu: Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunomthelela ekwandeni kwezifo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini, futhi kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwezinkinga zempilo. ukuphefumula y kwenhliziyo.
Isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ukuthi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu akuyona inkinga ethinta izizukulwane ezizayo kuphela; Imiphumela iyashesha futhi ingabonwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezwe kanye nemikhakha yezomnotho. Kodwa-ke, isenzo esihlangene kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo ezizinzile kunganciphisa eminye yale miphumela. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinqubomgomo zamanje, ungafunda isihloko sethu kokuthi ingqungquthela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, i-COP29.
