Impucuko yamaMaya yayingenye yezithuthuke kakhulu ezikhathini zasendulo, njengoba kufakazelwa ingcebo emivubukulo eminingi eye yasinda kuze kube namuhla. Nokho, isici esisodwa esibucayi ababebhekene naso kwaba umthelela we amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Eqinisweni, lezi kwakungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokungqubuzana kwezikhali ngasekupheleni kokuba khona kwayo.
Ngokwethimba labavubukuli kanye nezibalo ze-Simon Fraser University yaseCanada, abashicilele ucwaningo lwabo kujenali. Ukubuyekezwa Kwesayensi Yequaternary, the ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu Kuxhumene ngokujulile nezingxabano zomphakathi kanye nezingxabano kule mpucuko. Umbuzo ophakamayo uthi: ingabe ikusasa elifanayo lisilindele?
Abacwaningi bahlaziya idatha phakathi kweminyaka engu-363 no-888 AD, isikhathi lapho izakhiwo zamaMayan zafinyelela phezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani le izimpi futhi anda kakhulu. Lisebenzisa amamodeli ezibalo, ithimba lathola ukuthi nakuba imvula ingabonakali inomthelela wodlame, amazinga okushisa akhuphukayo. UMark Collard, umbhali kanye naye walolu cwaningo, waphawula ukuthi “ucwaningo oluningi luthi isimo sezulu esifudumele siyandisa ulaka phakathi kwabantu.” KumaMeya, lesi senzakalo sasihlobene ikakhulukazi nomthelela wokushisa ezitshalweni zawo eziyisisekelo, ikakhulukazi. ummbila.
Ummbila nokubaluleka kwawo empucukweni yamaMeya
Ummbila wawuwukudla okuyisisekelo komnotho wamaMaya. Ayigcinanga ngokuhlinzeka ngokudla, kodwa futhi yayiwuphawu lwesikhundla kubaholi bomphakathi. Udumo lwabo lwaluncike kakhulu empumelelweni ezimpini njengasekhonweni lokuphakela abantu. Ngezikhathi ze isomiso noma amagagasi okushisa, lapho izitshalo ziqala ukwehluleka, impendulo yayiwukuhileleka ezingxabanweni ezengeziwe zezikhali. Lokhu kuba umjikelezo ononya: ukuntuleka kokudla okukhuthazwayo ukungezwani komphakathi, okwaholela ezingxabanweni ezengeziwe. Le miphumela yamazinga okushisa aphezulu empucukweni yamaMaya ibalulekile ekuqondeni umlando wayo, okuguquguqukayo okungatholakala naku inkathi efudumele yenkathi ephakathi.
Namuhla, ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuphakamisa izinkathazo eziningana ezifanayo. Abanye ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi enye yezimpi ezilandelayo ingaba phezu kwamanzi, uma kubhekwa ukuthi abantu bayaqhubeka nokukhula ngenkathi imithombo yamanzi incipha. Izifundo zempucuko yamaMeya zisimema ukuthi sicabange ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kungabhebhethekisa kanjani ukungezwani nezingxabano esikhathini esizayo.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nezingxabano
Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngabavubukuli baseCanada lwembula ukuthi phakathi kuka-363 no-888 AD kwaba nokwanda okuphawulekayo kwenani lezimpi. Ngokusetshenziswa kwe Amarekhodi omlando kanye nedatha ye-paleoclimatic, bakwazi ukubonisa ukuthi inani lezingxabano lenyuka lisuka ku-0 laya ku-24 njalo ngemva kweminyaka engu-25 ekupheleni kwenkathi, libonisa ukuhlobana okuqondile nokwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa. Lolu hlobo lokuhlaziya luqinisa umqondo wokuthi isimo sezulu sidlala indima ebalulekile endleleni impucuko esabela ngayo ekuntulekeni kwezinsiza, njengezinye izikhathi zobunzima njengaleso esithinte umhlaba. ngonyaka we-2017.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaboniswa ukuthi uguquko emazingeni okungqubuzana aluhlobene nokuna kwemvula. Kunalokho, ukunyuka kwamazinga okushisa kwakuyimbangela eyinhloko ekwandeni ubutha. Lokhu kutholakala kuphonsela inselelo umbono ojwayelekile wokuthi isomiso yisona esibangele udlame, okuphakamisa ukuthi umthelela wokushisa kufanele ubhekwe eduze kakhulu.
Izindlela zodlame ngokwengqondo nezomnotho
Abacwaningi bahlongoza izindlela ezimbili lapho izinga lokushisa elikhuphukayo lingandisa khona inani lezingxabano. Esokuqala singokwengqondo; Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angaqinisa ukungaphatheki kahle nolaka lwabantu. Ucwaningo oluningana kusayikholoji yezenhlalo lubonise ukuthi ukushisa kungakhuphula amazinga olaka kubantu ngabanye.
Indlela yesibili nebaluleke kakhulu ihlobene nomnotho, ikakhulukazi ekulinyweni kommbila. Kuso sonke iSikhathi Esijwayelekile, lapho izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lenyuka laya ku-28°C noma ngaphezulu, izitshalo zombila zaqala ukwehluleka. Lokhu kwabangela a inkinga yokudla eyayikhuthaza izingxabano nezingxabano esikhundleni sokubambisana. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okubangelwa ukwanda kwamadolobha kwabhebhethekisa ukutholakala komswakama wenhlabathi, kwabhebhethekisa le nkinga.
Umthelela wokufudumala kwembulunga yonke ezimpucukweni zamanje
Ucwaningo lwamaMayans lwembula iphethini ebaluleke kakhulu kumongo we ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu samanje. Namuhla, imiphakathi eminingi ibhekene nezinselele ezifana nalezo impucuko yamaMeya eyabhekana nazo. Isibonelo, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuholela inkinga yokudla kanye namanzi angagcina edale izingxabano. Imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu empucukweni yamaMaya ilotshwe emlandweni, efana nezixwayiso ezivela ngesikhathi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ezwenikazi laseMelika.
I-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change isixwayise ngokuthi imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ingase ibhebhethekise ukungezwani emphakathini. Lokhu kubandakanya udlame phakathi kwabantu, impi yombango, nokwanda kobuphekula. Umlando wamaMeya usikhumbuza ukuthi ukwehluleka ukuphendula izimpawu zoshintsho kungaba nemiphumela ebuhlungu.
Amasu okuzivumelanisa namaMayan
AmaMaya asendulo ayengezona nje izisulu zesimo sezulu esibi; Baphinde bakhombise a umthamo omangalisayo wokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Basebenzise amasu ayinkimbinkimbi okuphatha imvelo yabo nokwandisa umkhiqizo wezolimo. Isibonelo, bakha amadikhi namadamu ukuze balawule amanzi futhi bakhulise umkhiqizo ngezikhathi zesomiso.
Lawa maxhaphozi aphethwe asivumele ukuthi sisebenzise ithuba lezikhukhula zemvelo nemijikelezo yesomiso, okusiza ekwehliseni imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ekukhiqizweni kokudla. Izindlela ezintsha zobuchwepheshe zamaMayans, njengokulawula ukugeleza kwenhlabathi kanye nokuphathwa kahle kwemithombo yamanzi, kuwubufakazi bokuthi ubuhlakani bomuntu lapho sibhekene nobunzima.
Ikusasa lapho sibhekene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Umlando wempucuko yamaMeya uyisixwayiso mayelana nezingozi zokungenzi lutho kanye nokuntuleka kokulungela lapho kubhekene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Njengoba singena esikhathini esizayo esingaqinisekile, kubalulekile ukufunda ezifundweni zesikhathi esidlule. Imiphakathi yesimanje kumele idale izinqubomgomo namasu azobhekana ngempumelelo nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ikhuthaze ukubambisana nokusimama kunokungqubuzana.
Iqiniso lamanje liphakamisa ukuthi imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ihlobene nezingxabano zomphakathi. Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ezisekelwe kudatha yesayensi ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo ezinzile futhi enokuthula esikhathini esizayo.
Izithombe zesiko lamaMayan
Ukuqonda umlando namasiko amaMaya, kanye nokusebenzelana kwawo nemvelo, kubalulekile ukuze siqonde ukuthi izenzo zethu zamanje zinganquma kanjani ikusasa lempucuko yethu. Ngeke sikwazi ukungazinaki izifundo zesikhathi esidlule.