Iplanethi yethu inamandla kazibuthe. Kuyaziwa ngegama le- inkambu ye-geomagnetic. Phakathi kokuhlukile izingqimba zomkhathi Sithola ungqimba oluqukethe yonke insimu kazibuthe Yomhlaba. Lesi singqimba sibizwa magnetosphere. Yilokhu okushiwo yindatshana yanamuhla. Sizokhuluma ngokuthi i-magnetosphere iyini, yenzelwe ini nokuthi ilusizo kanjani.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngemagnetosphere, lokhu okuthunyelwe kwakho.
Yini i-magnetosphere
Njengokungathi sikhuluma ngozibuthe osenkabeni yeplanethi yethu, amandla kazibuthe woMhlaba asebenza ngemisinga kagesi. Imisinga kagesi ikhiqizwa ngu lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-convection currents okwenzeka kufayela le- ingqikithi yangaphandle yeplanethi. Kulesi sisekelo sangaphandle sithola ukuhlangana okukhulu kwensimbi eyinsimbi ehamba kuso sonke isikhala ngenxa yomehluko wokuminyana. Le mizila yokudlulisa iyenzeka futhi engutsheni yoMhlaba futhi inesibopho sokuhamba kwamazwekazi.
Ngaphandle kokucabanga kwakho, engxenyeni engaphakathi yomhlaba kukhona izinga lokushisa eliphakeme. Ukube bekungengenxa yengcindezi yezinto, insimbi ibingancibilikiswa ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, akungenxa yengcindezi ebangelwa amandla adonsela phansi. Ngakho-ke, kumnyombo wangaphandle osendleleni engqimba yamakhilomitha ayi-2000, yebo iqukethe i-iron encibilikisiwe, i-nickel nokunye ukugxila okuncane kwezinye izinsimbi kusimo esimanzi. Ngokuthola ingcindezi encane kunezinye izinto kungatholakala kuncibilikile.
Umehluko kuzinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nokwakheka okuyisisekelo yikhona okubangela ama-convection currents. Njengoba kubanda futhi kushone kakhulu, izinto ezishisa kakhulu ziyakhuphuka. Kukhona futhi okuthiwa amandla e-coriolis okuwumphumela wokuzungeza koMhlaba, okubangela ama-vortex kule ngxube yezinsimbi ezincibilikisiwe. Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu, imisinga kagesi ikhiqizwa ngaphakathi kweplanethi ekhiqiza amandla kazibuthe.
Izinsimbi ezikhokhisiwe ezidlula kulezi zinsimu bese zizakhela imisinga yazo kagesi. Lo mjikelezo, owenele, waziwa njenge-geodynamic.
Izici eziyinhloko
Uma sesazi ukuthi insimu kazibuthe yomhlaba yakhiwe kanjani, singabona ukuthi i-magnetosphere yiyona elawula amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba. Ukuma kwale magnetosphere kuncike esenzweni somoya welanga nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Umoya welanga ubangela ukuthi uhlangothi oluphambene lukhule luye ebangeni eliphindwe izikhathi eziyinkulungwane lebanga eliphakathi kwelanga noMhlaba. Lesi sibhakabhaka esikhulu se-magnetosphere saziwa njengomsila kazibuthe.
Ubukhulu bamandla kazibuthe abufani kuwo wonke amagagasi omhlaba. Isibonelo, amandla aphansi kakhulu e-Equator futhi aphezulu kakhulu ezigxotsheni. Umkhawulo wangaphandle we-magnetosphere, njengakwezinye izingqimba zomkhathi, ubizwa ngokuthi yi-magnetopause. Singasho ukuthi isakhiwo se-magnetosphere sinamandla amakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuncike kakhulu ekusebenzeni komoya welanga. Izigxobo zamagnetic azifani nezigxobo zokuhlala. Kunomehluko olinganiselwa ku-11 degrees phakathi kwabo. Kunezifundo eziningi ososayensi abazitholile ngoshintsho lwendlela ohlangane nayo ngamandla kazibuthe. Isimo samanje esisenyakatho kazibuthe singaphezu kwamamayela angama-600 ukusuka lapho sasikhona ekuqaleni kwawo-XNUMX. Ijubane labo kutholakale nokuthi lenyuke ngamamayela angama-40 ngonyaka.
Kunamarekhodi amaningi okwakheka komhlaba, ikakhulukazi ukuma kwedwala, abonisa ukuthi lo mkhakha kazibuthe uphenduke izikhathi ezingamakhulu amaningana kule minyaka eyizigidi ezingu-500 edlule. Ekuphendukeni ngakunye, izigxobo kazibuthe zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni eziphambene zeplanethi. Lokhu kungabangela ikhampasi evamile ukuthi ikhombe ngaseSizindeni SaseNingizimu esikhundleni se-North Pole. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze uqonde kangcono ukwenzeka kwe-magnetosphere, kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi ihlobana kanjani ne-magnetosphere. umoya welanga.
Ukubaluleka kwe-magnetosphere
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kunomsebenzi welanga obizwa ngokuthi umoya welanga. Lo moya welanga awulutho ngaphandle komfudlana wezinhlayiyana ezishajwe amandla emisebe aphuma elangeni. Ngenxa yobukhona be-magnetosphere, singakwazi ukubona lo moya welanga ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpilo zethu. Ngokuvamile sibona lo moya welanga njengezibani zasenyakatho neziphepho ze-geomagnetic. Ukube bekungengenxa yalesi sendlalelo, bekungalimaza zonke izinhlelo zethu zokuxhumana, njengamasathelayithi namasistimu amaza omsakazo. Ukube besingenawo umkhathi endaweni kazibuthe eMhlabeni, amazinga okushisa oMhlaba ebengahluka ngendlela efanayo nalawo angaphezulu kweNyanga. Lokho kusho ukuthi, emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene kusuka ku-123 kuya ku-153 degrees.
Kunezilwane eziningi, njengezinyoni nezimfudu, ezikwazi ukubona amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba futhi ayisebenzisele ukuzulazula phakathi nezinkathi zonyaka zokufuduka. Kubuye kube usizo kakhulu futhi kubalulekile ukuthi izazi ze-geologists ziphenye izakhiwo zamatshe angaphansi komhlaba. Abahloli yibo abafuna amadiphozi kawoyela, igesi, noma amaminerali, futhi ngenxa yalo mkhakha kazibuthe, bangawathola kalula, ngisho namayelana nokwakheka komkhathi. Njengoba lawa mafutha ayisisekelo samandla oMhlaba kubantu, singabona ukubaluleka kwe-magnetosphere.
Ukufingqa kafushane, singasho ukuthi amandla kazibuthe ayadingeka ukuze iplanethi isekele ukuphila. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, abacwaningi abaningi bakubheka njengokubalulekile ukutadisha Isimo sezulu sasemkhathini kanye nobudlelwano bayo nensimu kazibuthe.
Ukuhluka kwensimu kazibuthe yomhlaba
Lo mkhakha kazibuthe unokuhluka okuncane esikhathini esingamahora angama-24. Ukwehluka kuthinta kakhulu isiqondiso lapho ikhampasi ikhomba khona. Lo mehluko ubonakala kuphela engxenyeni eyodwa kweshumi yesibindi futhi ukuqina okuphelele kuphazamiseka kuphela ku-0,1%.
Nakuba zingasebenzi ngendlela efanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuhlukahluka kazibuthe kunamaphethini athile. Iphethini eyinhloko ukuhlobana okukhona ne-sunscreen futhi kuthatha isilinganiso seminyaka eyishumi nanye.
Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lukusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-magnetosphere nokubaluleka kwayo ekuphileni emhlabeni.