I-cryosphere

Kwezinye izindatshana esikhulume ngazo izingqimba zomkhathi, umkhakha olungele, imvelo nobuhlobo bayo ne isakhiwo somhlaba. Kulokhu sizokhuluma ngenye indawo yomhlaba wethu ebizwa ngososayensi njenge mkhululi. I-cryosphere ibhekisa kuzo zonke izindawo ezibandisiwe eMhlabeni lapho kunamanzi kuphela ngesimo seqhwa eliqinile noma iqhwa. Igama livela egameni lesiGrikhi "kryos" elisho ukubanda. Kungashiwo ukuthi i-cryosphere iyingxenye ye-hydrosphere lapho amanzi ahlala emile ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi.

Ungathanda ukwazi yonke into mayelana ne-cryosphere nokubaluleka enakho ngeplanethi yethu kanye nokuthuthuka kokuphila? Vele uqhubeke ufunda 

Izindawo lapho i-cryosphere ikhona

Izindawo ezibandayo zeplanethi yethu Zithonya kakhulu isimo sezulu somhlaba wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yakha indawo yezitshalo, izilwane kanye nabantu abazivumelanise namazinga okushisa nezimo zemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Le ndawo efriziwe iyanda ngokunwebeka phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika kuwo womabili ama-hemispheres. Izindawo ze-cryosphere zonyaka yilezo lapho iqhwa liwela khona nomhlabathi, imifula namachibi kuba yiqhwa.

Ngokugcwele itholakala kuphela ezigxotsheni. Kodwa-ke, iqhwa elingapheli neqhwa kutholakala kwenye indawo eMhlabeni. Kusukela nge-Arctic, eNyakatho Pole kuneqhwa elikhulu elingapheli elaziwa ngokuthi i-Arctic Ocean. Yilapho iqhwa lolwandle likhula futhi likhule phakathi nobusika. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngesikhathi sehlobo, ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu, le ndawo inezinkontileka neqhwa lincane kakhulu. Iqhwa lase-Arctic nalo liyancibilika ebusika, okungaba nemiphumela ephawulekayo ku-cryosphere nokubaluleka kwayo esimweni sezulu soMhlaba. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu kuthinta kanjani ukudla kwamabhere ase-polar.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi sine-Antarctica. Kutholakala eSouth Pole of the Earth, yizwekazi eliqhwa elihamba phambili. Akuyona nje inqwaba yeqhwa, kodwa futhi ineshalofu lasezwenikazi. Futhi zinezindawo zeqhwa elintantayo futhi zisakazekele olwandle. Ama-Icebergs akha kulezi zindawo. I-Totten Glacier iyancibilika ngenani elisheshayo., okungase kuthinte i-cryosphere nezinga lolwandle.

Phakathi kwezigxobo zomhlaba kukhona ne-cryosphere. Yizindawo eziphakeme kakhulu lapho kuhlala khona iqhwa neqhwa unyaka wonke. Izibonelo zalokhu iqhwa le- Intaba iKilimanjaro e-Afrika, iqhwa ezintabeni zase-United States, enyakatho yeCanada, eChina naseRussia.

Izingxenye nezingxenye ze-cryosphere

Isithwathwa neqhwa yizinto eziyinhloko kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo. Kungaba yiqhwa lasolwandle, izinguzunga zeqhwa, amashalofu eqhwa, inhlabathi efriziwe (i-permafrost), kanye ne-icebergs. Iqhwa Yimvula esesimweni samakristalu eqhwa awela phansi lapho amazinga okushisa ephansi futhi amazinga omswakama ephezulu. Zihlangana zenze lolu hlobo lwemvula.

Phakathi kwezici nokubaluleka kweqhwa esikutholayo:

Ingatholakala emhlabeni wonke, ngisho nase-Equator ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu.

Kubonisa ukukhanya kwelanga futhi kuthinta isimo sezulu seplanethi yethu.
Inikeza indawo yokuhlala izilwane nezitshalo eziningi.
Iphakela abantu, izitshalo nezilwane umhlaba wonke.
Ngokuvamile, kuyisici esibalulekile sezulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqhwa livela lapho amazinga okushisa ehla ngaphansi kwamakhaza. Yilapho-ke lapho amanzi awuketshezi ephenduka isimo esiqinile futhi enza isisindo esihlanganiswe kahle. Iqhwa liyinto ebalulekile ezindaweni ezinezinguzunga zeqhwa, izinguzunga zeqhwa, nomhlabathi ofriziwe. Ukuncibilika kwe-Larsen C kubangela ukungazinzi esifundeni, esikhathaza i-cryosphere kanye nomthelela wayo esimweni sezulu soMhlaba.

Izici eziyinhloko zeqhwa zingafingqwa ngokuthi:

Itholakala emhlabeni wonke, kepha yakhiwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme, ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, noma ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu.
Iqhwa kungenzeka lingavamile olwandle, emachibini nasemifuleni uma isimo sezulu sishintsha futhi namazinga okushisa efudumele. Noma kunjalo, kunamachibi nezilwandle lapho iqhwa lijiya khona kangangokuba kudingeka imikhumbi ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi imikhumbi ephihliza iqhwa ukuze idlule kuyo.
Inikeza abantu, izilwane nezitshalo amanzi.
Ivumela ukutadisha kokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu soMhlaba kanye nomthelela wawo esimweni sezulu.

Izinguzunga zeqhwa eSpain nokufudumala komhlaba

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ukuncibilika Okusheshisiwe Kweziqhwa eSpain: Umbiko Ophelele

Iqhwa lasolwandle nezinguzunga zeqhwa

Iqhwa lasolwandle noma izintaba zeqhwa lapho amanzi olwandle epholile njalo ngamazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-zero. Iningi laleli qhwa lolwandle lakhiwa olwandle emapalini.

Naphezu kwalokho okucatshangwayo ngokufudumala kwembulunga yonke nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuncibilika kwalolu hlobo lweqhwa akuwenyusi amazinga olwandle. Lawa manzi ayingxenye yamanzi olwandle ngokwawo. Lezi zingqimba zeqhwa zihlobene eduze nesimo sezulu somhlaba wonke. Badlala indima ebalulekile empilweni nasemasikweni abantu bomdabu basezigxotsheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane eziningi zidinga iqhwa ukuze ziphile. Bona ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe, izimvu zamanzi nezinye izilwane zase-Arctic. Ekugcineni, kungashiwo ukuthi iqhwa lolwandle libalulekile esifundweni sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Amagagasi kaKelvin asheshisa ukuncibilika kwe-Antarctica, okungase kube nomthelela omubi ku-cryosphere.

Ukuhambela izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni, sihlangabezana nezinye izingqimba zeqhwa ezibizwa izinguzunga zeqhwa. Lezi zinguzunga zeqhwa yizinqwaba zeqhwa eliqongelela ezweni kusuka ezikhathini eziningi zeqhwa. Noma kungabonakali, ikhava i-10% yomhlaba wonke. Ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ziya ngokuya zincipha. I-Antarctica ingashiywa ngaphandle kweqhwa elingaphansi ngama-25% ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, okungase kuguqule kakhulu i-cryosphere.

Futhi zingumthombo omuhle wamanzi kubantu abahlala eduze kwabo. Babeka inani elikhulu lamanzi ahlanzekile alungiselelwe ukulenza liphuze.

Umthelela wokuncibilika kwe-Arctic eSpain

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ukufudumala Kwembulunga yonke kanye nomthelela wako eSpain: Ukuncibilika kwe-Arctic

Ama-icebergs kanye neqhwa

I-Icebergs izingcezu ezinkulu zeqhwa ezisuka ezingcwecweni zeqhwa bese zintanta olwandle. Lezi zintaba zeqhwa nazo zibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokungafani neqhwa lasolwandle, izintaba zeqhwa ezincibilikayo ziyawakhuphula amazinga olwandle. Zinikeza isiphephelo se-krill, i-crustacean encane ewumthombo wokudla obalulekile wamaphengwini, izimvu zamanzi, imikhomo nezinyoni zasolwandle. Ukuncibilika kwe-Antarctica kubeka ingozi esintwini, egcizelela ukubaluleka kwe-cryosphere.

Ziphinde zisebenze njengendawo yocwaningo yososayensi abafuna ukuqonda ukuguquguquka koMhlaba kanye ne-paleoclimate, zinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nendlela i-cryosphere nomthelela wayo esimweni sezulu soMhlaba.

I-Permafrost noma inhlabathi efriziwe yindawo yomhlaba efriziwe ngokuphelele ngamanzi aqinile. Phakathi kwezici zayo sithola ukuthi ungqimba olusebenzayo lelo iyakwazi ukugcina amagesi abamba ukushisa njengekhabhoni ne-methane. Ososayensi bacwaninga ukuthi la magesi azosithinta kanjani isimo sezulu njengoba amazinga okushisa afudumele ne-permafrost incibilika.