Ku Isikhathi seCenozoic kwakukhona izinkathi eziningana. Yena Isikhathi seNeogene bekungokwesibili kwale nkathi futhi kwaqala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-23 edlule futhi kwaphela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-2.6 edlule. Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, iplanethi yethu yathola uchungechunge lwezinguquko nokuguqulwa ezingeni le-geological kanye nasezingeni lezinto eziphilayo. I- Izilwane zeNeogene Kwakubonakala ngokuba nesinye sezenzakalo eziqakatheke kakhulu emlandweni womhlaba, njengokuvela kwama-hominid okuqala.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici nokuvela kwezilwane zaseNeogene.
Isikhathi seNeogene
Lesi sikhathi seNeogene sithathe cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-20 futhi saba nezinguquko ezinkulu ezingeni lokwakheka komhlaba nasezingeni lezinto eziphilayo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi yisikhathi lapho kuvela khona ama-hominid okuqala abizwa nge-Australopithecus. Lolu hlobo lwama-hominids bamele okhokho babantu abadala kunabo bonke.
Ngesikhathi se-Neogene kwaba noshintsho olukhulu ezingeni leplanethi mayelana nomsebenzi wokwakheka komhlaba. Amazwekazi aqhubekile nokukhukhuleka kancane ezindaweni esinazo namuhla. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwezwekazi kwabangela ukuba imisinga yolwandle ishintshe futhi kwavela izithiyo ezithile ezibonakalayo, njenge-Isthmus of Panama. Lokhu kunyakaza kokuma komhlaba kwakuyizehlakalo ezibalulekile ezaba nomthelela ekwehleni kwamazinga okushisa e-Atlantic Ocean.
Zonke lezi zinguquko ezingeni lokwakheka komhlaba nezinga lokushisa zibe nomthelela ekuveleni nasekukhuleni kwezinhlobonhlobo ezithile zezinto eziphilayo. Sonke lesi sikhathi kwabonwa ukuhlukahluka kwezilwane. Amaqembu ezilwane enza ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu kwakuyizilwane ezincelisayo zasemhlabeni nezasolwandle, izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwempilo eNeogene
Sonke lesi sikhathi kwakukhona ukunwetshwa kwamafomu akhona okuphila. Ngenxa yesimo sezulu, amazinga okushisa omhlaba ayenakho ithonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni nasekwakheni okusha kwezinto eziphilayo. Zombili izitshalo nezilwane zibe nezinguquko ezahlukahlukene, nezilwane zibhekana nokwehluka okukhulu. Izimbali zihlala zimile ngokwengeziwe.
Izimbali zeNeogene zigqame ngokuba ziziningi ngenxa yesimo sezulu. Njengoba isimo sezulu ngalesi sikhathi sasibanda kancane, sanciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlathi namahlathi amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kwehla kwamazinga okushisa nakho kudale ukunyamalala kwezindawo ezinkulu zazo. Ngenxa yalezi zimo zemvelo, ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo bekufanele zikhule ezingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nendawo ephansi yokushisa.
Izitshalo ezingachuma ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu yilezo zomndeni we-herbaceous. Abanye ochwepheshe babheka inkathi yeNeogene njengenkathi yamakhambi. Akukhona konke okwakungalungile ngezitshalo. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-angiosperms nawo asungulwa ngempumelelo futhi athuthukiswa.
Izilwane zeNeogene
Sizobona ukuthi isimo sezulu nentuthuko yezomhlaba izithinte kanjani izilwane zaseNeogene. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaqembu ezahlukahlukene ezilwane ahlukahlukene, phakathi kwawo esibona njengokuthuthuka okuningi njengezilwane ezincelisayo, ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni. Imvelo yasolwandle ibinentuthuko enkulu, ikakhulukazi iqembu lama-cetaceans.
Ake sihlaziye ngamunye ngamunye amaqembu ezilwane ezathuthuka kakhulu ngesikhathi sezilwane ze-Neogene.
Aves
Ngaphakathi kweqembu lezinyoni ezazithuthuke kakhulu kwakukhona lezo babengabaseqenjini labantu abadlulayo. Ezinye zezinyoni zenkathi ye-Neogene zaziwa nangokuthi izinyoni ezisabekayo. Leli qembu elikhulu lezilwane lahlala ezwenikazi laseMelika. Namuhla, izinyoni eziseqenjini le-passerine ziyiqembu elihluke kakhulu futhi elibanzi. Ikwazile ukugcina izinga eliphezulu lokusinda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Phakathi kwezici zazo eziyinhloko, sinakho ukuthi ziyizilwane ezibonakala ngokuba nemilenze okufanele zihlale ngayo emagatsheni ezihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banekhono lokucula. Lawa makhono asebenza ekusunguleni amasiko okukhwelana ayinkimbinkimbi. Iqembu lama-passerines laziwa nangokuthi iqembu lezinyoni eziculayo. Ngesikhathi seNeogene Iqembu lezinyoni laqala ukuthola amandla amaningi futhi lasakazeka kakhulu.. Njengoba amazwekazi aqhubeka nokuya kulesi simo esikhona manje, lezi zilwane zehlukene.
Ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Melika yilapho kutholwe khona inani elikhulu lamarekhodi ezinsalela. La marekhodi afakaza ngokuba khona kwezinyoni ezinkulu. Eziningi zalezi zinyoni zazizinkulu ngobukhulu kodwa zingakwazi ukundiza. Nokho, baba izisulu ezinkulu zalesi sikhathi. Leli qembu lezinyoni laziwa nangokuthi izinyoni ezisabekayo.
Izilwane zeNeogene: izilwane ezincelisayo
Izilwane ezincelisayo zaziyiqembu lezilwane ezaba nezinguquko ezinkulu. Elinye lamaqembu aguquke kakhulu kwaba izilwane zomndeni wakwaBovidae noCervidae. Kula maqembu amabili ezilwane sithola izimbuzi, izimvu, izinyamazane, izinyamazane nezinyamazane. Zonke lezi zilwane zandisa indawo yazo yokusabalalisa ngokumangazayo.
Ngokunjalo, zikhona ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu ezifana nezindlovu, amabele kanye nobhejane abathola intuthuko enkulu. Ezinye zalezi zinhlobo, njengama-mammoths, azange zikwazi ukusinda kuze kube manje ngenxa yezinguquko ezithile ezafika kamuva.
Kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe ukuthi ezimfanelweni zeNeogene amanye ama-primates avelele, ikakhulukazi izinkawu. Iqembu ngalinye lezinkawu lalinendawo ethile yokuhlala futhi labhekana noshintsho oluthile enqubweni yazo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Iningi lama-primates lalitholakala emazwenikazi ase-Afrika naseMelika.
Ezilwaneni ze-Neogene siphinde sithole ukuthuthukiswa kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu ezifana nezinsikazi nezinja. Ezinye izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhere nezimpisi nazo zahlukene ngalesi sikhathi. Ngaphakathi kweqembu lezilwane ezincelisayo, esinye sezenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo kwabantu senzeka. Futhi yilokho i-hominid yokuqala yavela futhi yathuthuka.
I-hominid yokuqala eyakhiwe yabhabhadiswa ngegama le-Australopithecus. Kwakubonakala ikakhulu ngokuba nosayizi omncane nokunyakaza kwe-bipedal.
Iziqubuzelayo
Ekugcineni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo nazo zavela ezilwaneni zeNeogene. Phakathi kwabo siyathola amaxoxo, amasele nezinyoka ezazikwazi ukwandisa ukubusa kwazo. Lokhu bekungenxa yenani elikhulu lokudla okutholakalayo. Ukudla kwabo ngokuyinhloko kusekelwe ezinambuzaneni, ezaziziningi kakhulu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezilwane zaseNeogene.