Isikhathi se- Mesozoic iqukethe izikhathi ezintathu lapho ama-dinosaurs asakazeka khona futhi aqothulwa. Lezi zikhathi ezintathu yilezi: I-Triassic, I-Jurassic y Okuhle kakhulu. Esikhathini ngasinye kwakukhona ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwezilwane nama-dinosaurs, ikakhulukazi i- Izilwane ze-Jurassic. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa nokwandiswa kwezilwane zaseCretaceous.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngokwandiswa kwama-dinosaurs kanye ne Nezilwane Cretaceous, lokhu okuthunyelwe kwakho.
Nezilwane Cretaceous
Kuyo yonke iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-79 leso sikhathi saqhubeka futhi izinkathi ezimbili eyayinazo, izilwane zaseCretaceous zazibuswa ikakhulukazi ama-dinosaurs. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezibankwakazi, zasolwandle nezasemhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlanzi nezilwane ezingenamgogodla nazo zisakazeka. Izilwane ezincelisayo kule nkathi zaziyiqembu elincane kodwa zaqala ukwanda enkathini elandelayo.
Sizohlaziya ngazinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezavela ngesikhathi seCretaceous.
Ezingenamgogodla
Kuwo wonke ama-invertebrate athuthukile, ikakhulukazi kwimvelo yasolwandle, singabala ama-mollusk. Phakathi kwama-mollusk, ama-ammonoid ayengama-cephalopods abonakala. Amanye ama-invertebrate asakazekile ama-coleoid nama-nautiloid.
I-phylum yama-echinoderms yanda phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngaphakathi kwale phylum siqokomisa ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko ze- i-starfish, ama-echinoids, nama-ophiuroids. Lonke lolu lwazi luqoqwe ngenxa yezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-amber deposits. Lezi zingosi ziqukethe ingcebo yolwazi mayelana nama-arthropods, okuhlanganisa nezibonelo ezingase zihlobane ukushabalala kwama-dinosaurs. Kutholakale izibonelo zezicabucabu, ojekamanzi, izinyosi, iminyovu, izimvemvane, izintuthwane, izintethe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lezi zilwane ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle zihlobene kanjani Izilwane zePaleocene eyabalandela.
Ama-Vertebrates
Ama-Vertebrate nawo abe nokwanda okukhulu ngesikhathi seCretaceous. Abavelele kakhulu kuleli qembu kwakuyizilwane ezihuquzelayo. Eqenjini lezilwane ezihuquzelayo, ama-dinosaurs ayegqama, emhlabeni nasendaweni yasolwandle. Lawa ma-dinosaurs ayehlala nezilwane ezihuquzelayo zasolwandle nezinhlanzi.
Ezinhlelweni zemvelo yasemhlabeni, iqembu lezilwane ezincelisayo laqala ukukhula kancane, futhi ukuhlukahluka kwalo kuhlobene nezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ebezilokhu zivela endaweni yasolwandle. Kwenzeka okufanayo ngeqembu lezinyoni owaqala ukuthatha indima evelele.
Ukubaluleka kwama-dinosaurs ezilwaneni eziCretaceous
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ama-dinosaurs akha ingxenye ebalulekile yezilwane zaseCretaceous. Futhi kungalesi sikhathi, ithathwa njengonyaka wegolide wama-dinosaurs, Kokubili ama-dinosaur asemhlabeni, ayedla izilwane ezidla uhlaza nezilwane ezidla inyama, kanye nezibankwakazi zasolwandle, zathuthukiswa. Ake sihlaziye ngayinye yazo.
Ama-dinosaurs omhlaba
Bekuyiqembu elihluke kakhulu phakathi naso sonke lesi sikhathi. Bahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu ngokusekelwe ekudleni kwabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sasinama-dinosaurs adla inyama, kanti ngakolunye, izilwane ezidla uhlaza. lokho kusivumela ukuba siqonde umlando kanye nokushabalala kwazo.
Ngokufanayo, ama-dinosaurs eCretaceous ayeyisihluthulelo sokuqonda i-Cretaceous nokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Izibankwakazi Herbivorous
Zazaziwa futhi ngegama lama-ornithopods. Leli qembu lama-dinosaurs lalinokudla okwakuhlanganisa izitshalo kuphela. Kuleli qembu sithola izinhlobo ezivelele njenge:
- Ama-Ankylosaurs: Lawa ma-dinosaur ayemakhulu ngobukhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi ayefinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-7 nobude obucishe bube ngamamitha angu-2. Isisindo esijwayelekile salezi zinhlobo sasingamathani angu-4. Ukuze izivikele ezilwaneni ezidla inyama, umzimba wayo wawumbozwe amapuleti angamathambo asebenza njengezivikelo. Lonke lolu lwazi lutholakale ngenxa yezinsalela ezitholakele lapho kwakungenzeka khona ukubona ukuthi izitho zangaphambili zazimfushane kunezitho zangemuva. Ikhanda layo lalifana nonxantathu, njengoba ububanzi balo babungaphezu kobude balo.
- AmaHadrosaurs: Lezi dinosaurs zaziwa nangokuthi amadada. Futhi babenosayizi omkhulu ophakathi kwamamitha angaba ngu-4 no-15 ubude. Bangaba nenani elikhulu lamazinyo okuzokwazi ukugaya utshani kahle. Kwesinye isikhathi izinsalela zitholakale ngomhlathi wamazinyo afinyelela ku-2000 ahlelwe ngemigqa kanti wonke ayeluhlobo lwe-molar. Umsila wawude impela futhi uyisicaba. Inhloso enkulu yalomsila kwakuwukugcina ibhalansi lapho ihamba ngemilenze emibili ukuze ibalekele izilwane ezidla ezinye.
- Ama-Pachycephalosaurs: Kwakungamadayinaso amakhulu isici sawo esiyinhloko kwakuwukuthambekela kwamathambo okwakufana nokuthi kuyisigqoko sokuzivikela. Umsebenzi wawo omkhulu kwakungowokuvikela. Kwezinye izibonelo, i-bulge ingafinyelela ukushuba kwamasentimitha angama-25. Kwakuwuhlobo lwe-dinosaur eyi-bipedal futhi yayingafinyelela ubude obufinyelela kumamitha ama-5 nesisindo samathani ama-2, cishe.
- AmaCeratopsids: Lawa ma-dinosaur ayenama-quadruped. Babenezimpondo ebusweni babo. Babebuye bakhule ingemuva lekhanda elifinyelela entanyeni. Zakhula zaba amamitha angu-8 ubude futhi zinesisindo esingamathani angu-12.
Izibankwakazi ezidla inyama
Izilwane ezidla inyama zihlanganisa iqembu le-theropod. Lawa kwakungama-dinosaur amakhulu adla inyama futhi ayemelela izilwane ezidla ezinye ezivelele. Iningi lawo lalilikhulu ngosayizi futhi linezitho zomzimba ezithuthuke kakhulu futhi eziqinile. Ayengama-biped futhi isici sawo esiyinhloko ukuthi ayenamabili abheke phambili futhi eyodwa ebheke emuva.
Kuleli qembu lama-dinosaurs adlayo kungenzeka i-Tyrannosaurus Rex eyaziwa kakhulu. Ukubaluleka kwayo kusekutheni isisiza kanjani siqonde ukushabalala kwama-dinosaurs.
Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezindizayo
Ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo ezindizayo eyaziwa kakhulu i-Pterosaur. Nakuba eziningi zihlanganisa lezi zilwane eqenjini lama-dinosaur, akunjalo. Lezi zilwane kwakuyizilwane zokuqala ezinomgogodla ezazikwazi ukuthola ikhono lokundiza. Ubukhulu bayo bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-12 wamaphiko.
Ezihuquzelayo zasolwandle
Elinye iqembu elakhula kakhulu ezilwaneni zaseCretaceous kwakuyizilwane ezihuquzelayo zasolwandle. Ngokuvamile zazizinkulu, ziphakathi kwamamitha ayi-12 kuya kwangu-17 ubude. Abaziwa kakhulu kwakungama-mosasaurs nama-elasmosaurids. Ama-elasmosaurids ayenezici ezithile eziyinhloko lapho ayegqama khona ngokuba nentamo ende ngenxa yokuba nenani elikhulu lama-vertebrae. Babedla ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi nama-mollusk, okwakubenza bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nendawo yabo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-mosasaur kwakuyizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezazijwayele ukuphila olwandle, futhi zazinomsila omude kakhulu kanye nephiko eliqondile. Lezi zilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye ziyingxenye yezinto ezihehayo Izilwane zasolwandle zaseCretaceous.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezilwane zeCretaceous.