La Isikhathi se-Eocene wayengomunye walabo abakha inkathi yePaleogene ye- Isikhathi seCenozoic. Ngalesi sikhathi kube nezinguquko ezinkulu kusukela ekubukeni komhlaba nokwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo, ngoba kwakhiwa izintaba ezinkulu ngenxa yokushayisana kwezwekazi. Lokhu kuhamba kwamazwekazi kudale ukuthi Izilwane ezinomsoco ingathuthukiswa futhi ihlukaniswe ngamabanga abanzi.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici nokuthuthukiswa kwezilwane ze-Eocene.
Izici eziyinhloko
Isikhathi se-Eocene yathatha cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-23. Yasatshalaliswa eminyakeni emi-4 emakwe ngoshintsho oluthile lwesimo sezulu, ukwakheka komhlaba kanye nezilwane. Kubhekwa njengesikhathi sezinguquko lapho iplanethi yathola khona ukuguqulwa okuthile ezingeni lokwakheka komhlaba kusukela izwekazi elikhulu iPangea lenziwa ukuthi liphule. Yile ndlela okwakhiwa ngayo amazwekazi njengoba siwazi namuhla.
Kube nezinguquko eziningi zesimo sezulu ezibaluleke kakhulu njengoba ezinye izenzakalo eziphambene ne-Paleogene zenzeka. Isibonelo, sinomcimbi we-Azolla, obangele ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa le-ambient emhlabeni wonke kangangokuthi wadala izimo ezintsha okwakudingeka ukuthi izidalwa eziphilayo zivumelane nazo. Kwaba nolunye futhi ushintsho ekuguquguqukeni kwezinga lokushisa okwabangela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa. Zombili izehlakalo zesimo sezulu zilethe imiphumela kubantu abaphilayo abagcwele iplanethi ngalesi sikhathi.
Izinyoni bekungelinye lamaqembu ahlangabezane nokuhlukahlukana okukhulu ngalesi sikhathi. Eziningi zalezo ezazihlala kule planethi zaziyizilwane ezesabekayo ezinobukhulu obukhulu. Ukuhlukana okuphelele kwePangea yezwekazi elikhulu yikona okwabangela ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kungabonwa futhi ku Izilwane zePaleogene.
Sizohlaziya ukuthi izimbali nezilwane ze-Eocene ziguquke kanjani.
Flora
Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi izimo zemvelo zale planethi zavumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane. Kwakuyisikhathi lapho izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zazichichima khona ngenxa yesimo sezulu esiswakeme nesifudumele.
Lapho sihlaziya izitshalo sathola ukuthi kwakuwushintsho oluphawulekayo. Lapho amazinga okushisa efudumele futhi enomswakama ekuqaleni kwe-Eocene, iplanethi yayinenqwaba yamahlathi namahlathi. Kunobufakazi obuthi izigxobo nazo zazinamahlathi ngalesi sikhathi.. Okuwukuphela kwento eyagcina ukushoda okuncane kwezitshalo kwakuyizinto eziphilayo zasogwadule ezimaphakathi nezwekazi.
Izitshalo ezakhula kakhulu phakathi nalesi sikhathi kwakuyi-metasequoia kanye nomndeni wakwaCupressaceae. Ezokugcina yilezo eziyingxenye yeqembu lama-gymnosperm, ngokuyisisekelo ama-conifers. Kuyiqembu lezitshalo ezishintshashintshashintshayo njengoba zingaba zincane futhi zibe zinkulu. Amaqabunga awo afana nezikali futhi ahlelwe eduze kakhulu. Abanye babo bakhipha okuthile okujabulisa kakhulu.
Izilwane ezinomsoco
Yilapho sigxila khona ezilwaneni ze-Eocene. Singasho ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi izilwane zazihlukene kakhulu. Amaqembu ezilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni ayephawuleka kakhulu. Ake sihlaziye wonke amaqembu.
Ezingenamgogodla
Iqhubeke yahlukahluka impela ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasolwandle. Kukhona inani elikhulu lama-mollusks, phakathi kwawo ama-gastropods, ama-bivalve, ama-echinoderms nama-cnidarians avelele. Ama-arthropod nawo aguquke ngalesi sikhathi, izintuthwane zimelele kakhulu.
Aves
Izinyoni kwakuyizinhlobo ezakha kakhulu ngenxa yezimo zemvelo ezivumayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zaziyizilwane ezinonya phakathi kwamaqembu amabili ezidalwa eziphilayo futhi zazisatshwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezakhula kakhulu futhi zanda kakhulu yilezi: Phorusrhacidae, Gastornis kanye namaphengwini. Sizochaza izici zalowo nalowo kubo:
- I-Phorusrhacidae: Iqembu lezinyoni isici sazo esiyinhloko ubukhulu bazo obukhulu. Ezinye izibonelo zafinyelela ku-3 wamamitha ukuphakama. Lokhu kuqinisekiswe amarekhodi amaningi ezinsalela kusukela kulesi sikhathi. Muva nje, ezinye izigebhezi zalezi zilwane zitholakale ukusiza ukuzibona kangcono. Olunye uphawu lwalolu phiko ikhono lalo lokundiza. Nokho, wakulungisa ngesivinini esikhulu. Kucatshangwa ukuthi bafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-50 ngehora. Kwakuyizilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane ezincane, kuhlanganise nezilwane ezincelisayo.
- UGastornis: Yaziwa ngokuthi inyoni esabekayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi babebukeka ngendlela ethusayo. Phakathi kwezici zayo eziphawuleka kakhulu ubukhulu bayo obukhulu, ezinye zezibonelo ezifinyelela kumamitha ama-2 futhi zinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-100. Ikhanda labo elikhulu kanye nomzimba omfushane, oqinile kwabenza besabeka. Uqhwaku lwalufana nalolo opholi abanalo namuhla. Amandla omlomo wayo ayemangalisa futhi yayisetshenziselwa ukubamba inyamazane yayo. Nakuba yayingandizi, yayishesha kakhulu.
- Amaphengwini: Yiqembu lezinyoni ezingandizi. Leli qembu lisekhona kuze kube namuhla futhi litholakala e-Antarctica eSouth Pole. Ngalesi sikhathi kukholakala ukuthi babehlala ezwenikazi laseNingizimu Melika. Lokhu kwaziwa ngenxa yezinsalela ezithile ezitholakale kuleyo sayithi. Kwakukhona ezinye izibonelo ezilinganiselwa ku-1.5 kanye nezinye ezazincane. Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni luhlobene nezinye izinyoni ezazihlala endaweni Nezilwane Cretaceous.
Izilwane Eocene: Ezihuquzelayo kanye Nezilwane Ezincelisayo
Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo zazikhona futhi zakhula ngesivinini esikhulu. Ezazikhona kakhulu kwakuyizinyoka ezinkulu, ezazifinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10 ubude kwezinye izibonelo.
Ngokuqondene nezilwane ezincelisayo, leli qembu liye lakhula ngokuhlukahluka, ikakhulukazi ama-ungulates, ama-cetaceans nezinye izilwane ezidla inyama ezinkulu. Ake sihlaziye ngayinye yazo:
- Iyahlukanisa: Isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuthi iyakwazi ukunyakaza ngokuphumula ezihlokweni zeminwe yayo. Lapha sinezingulube namakamela, izinkomo, izimvu nezimbuzi. Kuleli qembu singathola nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezazibalulekile ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi ezingafundwa maqondana Izilwane ze-Oligocene.
- AmaCetaceans: Zakhula endaweni yasolwandle futhi kwakukhona izinhlobo ezifana nama-archaeocetes. Laba babengabokuqala abathuthukisa izici ezabenza bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuphila kwasemanzini.
- Ama-Ambulocetids: Bayimikhomo yokuqala ekhona kule planethi. Zingaphezu kwamamitha angu-3 ubude futhi isisindo sazo singaba ngu-120 kg. Zifana nezingwenya, nakuba zinemilenze emide. Lezi zitho zazisebenza njengamaphiko okunyakaza. Ukudla kwabo kwakudla inyama.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezilwane ze-Eocene.
