Isikhathi esikuso namuhla saziwa njenge Holocene. Lesi yisikhathi sokugcina esakha i- Isikhathi seCenozoic futhi eyaqala cishe eminyakeni eyi-12.000 edlule. Lesi sikhathi sihlanganisa iningi lentuthuko yesintu, kusukela esikhathini sokuzulazula kuze kube namuhla. Kuso sonke lesi sikhathi, izilwane ziye zaba nezinguquko ezinkulu ezingeni lomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, sizohlaziya izilwane zeHolocene.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, ukuvela kwefayela le- Izilwane ze-Holocene.
Umongo jikelele
Ukuze sichaze izilwane ze-Holocene kufanele sethule umongo esizithola sikuso namuhla. Sonke lesi sikhathi sikwazile ukubona ukukhula komuntu, okubandakanya zonke izigaba zesintu selokhu kwasungulwa amaqembu okuqala omphakathi nempucuko, ukuthuthukiswa kokubhala, uhambo lokuhlola kanye nentuthuko enkulu yamasiko. nezifundiswa.
Kusukela umuntu abe ngumhambuma kuze kube namuhla kube nokuvela okuningi. Njengoba bekulindelekile isidalwa esingumuntu siyisiqeshana sokhiye esenzakalweni esinezilwane ze-Holocene. Izilwane zenze izinguquko ezahlukahlukene ezithonywe abantu kanye nokujwayela obekufanele bakwenze. Futhi ukuthi isimo njengoba sazi siguqulwe kaningi ngokwakhiwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nabantu.
Izikhala zemvelo, njengoba kungabonwa ku ICape Horn, aya ngokuya eba mancane futhi ukungcola kuyingxenye yalesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo. Izilwane nezitshalo kuye kwadingeka ukuthi zivumelane nezimo ezihlukahlukene esikhathini esifushane kakhulu kunesivamile. Ngaphambi kokuba abantu babe khona, kwakukhona izinguquko ezimila nezilwane emhlabeni wonke, kodwa zenzeka isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukuze izinhlobo zezilwane ziguquke futhi zivumelane nezindawo ezintsha kungadlula izigidi zeminyaka. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sibona namhlanje, umuntu uyishintshile yonke le mbono. Izinhlobo kufanele zivumelane nezikhathi zamakhulu eminyaka nangaphansi nangaphansi.
Izilwane zeHolocene ziye zashabalala ngobuningi lapho inqubo eqhubekayo ingabonwa. Akuzona kuphela izilwane, kodwa nezitshalo, ezibhekene nokushabalala komhlaba wonke okubangelwa isenzo somuntu. Ochwepheshe abaningi bahlukanise le nqubo yokushabalala njengeshesha kakhulu emlandweni womhlaba ngenxa yesikhathi esishiwo ngenhla. Futhi izimbangela zalokhu kushabalala akuzona izinguquko ezicini zemvelo, kodwa kunalokho isenzo somuntu.
Umongo esizithola sikuwo ku-Holocene uyisikhathi sobuhlanga. Lesi sikhathi saqala ekupheleni kwenkathi eqinile ekuqaleni, futhi enye inkathi yeqhwa kulindeleke ukuthi yenzeke esikhathini esizayo esingekude kakhulu.
Izilwane ze-Holocene
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, izilwane azishintshile kangako ngalesi sikhathi, kodwa kuye kwadingeka zivumelane nezinguquko eziningi. Zonke izinhlobo ezikwazile ukuphila ngokuhamba kwesikhathi azikaze zibe noshintsho oluphawulekayo noma ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. Lezo zinhlobo eziye zachuma futhi zaphikelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yilezo ezikwazile ukusinda kulokhu kushabalala kwezinhlobo eziphila emhlabeni nasolwandle. Izenzo zabantu nesifiso sabo sokunqoba iplanethi yikona okubeka engozini kokubili izilwane nezitshalo.
Sizoklelisa lezo zilwane ezazikhona ku-Holocene yakuqala futhi esevele zanyamalala:
- omkhulukazi: Ziyizinhlobo ezifanayo kakhulu nezindlovu esinazo namuhla futhi zingabomndeni owodwa. Isici sayo esiyinhloko kwakuwukuthi yayinesiqu esinamazinyo amakhulu aphuma ohlangothini ngalunye. Umzimba wawumbozwe izinwele njengoba wawuzijwayeza ukuze uphile emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ubukhulu be-mammoth babushintshashintsha futhi izinsalela zamathambo ziye zaqoqwa kwezinye izibonelo ezinkulu kunezindlovu zanamuhla. Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ezincane ngosayizi futhi zibizwa ngokuthi i-dwarf mammoth. Ungathola ulwazi mayelana nalesi sikhathi ku- I-quaternary.
- UDodo: Kwakuwuhlobo lwezinyoni ezitholakala esiqhingini saseMauritius. Zazincane kakhulu ngobukhulu futhi zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-12. Yayingafinyelela ubude bemitha elilodwa nakuba yayingenalo ikhono lokundiza. Umzimba wakhe wawubukeka ugcwele. Abanye ochwepheshe bale nyoni bayibiza njengesibonelo esiwuphawu lokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane ngenxa yesenzo somuntu. Futhi lolu hlobo lwezilwane lwalukwazi ukuhlala endaweni yalo futhi luthuthuke kahle kwaze kwaba yilapho umuntu efika kulesi siqhingi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. Ngemva kokuba abantu befikile endaweni yabo, inani labantu lancipha kakhulu laze lashabalala. Indaba yabo iyafana neyezinye izilwane eziningi ezisengozini, njengoba kushiwo esihlokweni esithi ukushabalala kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
- UMoa: Lolu olunye uhlobo lwezinyoni olwahlala eNew Zealand kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-3. Yilapho eyashabalala khona ngenxa yabantu. Ngokubukeka, yayifana kakhulu nentshe. Ingakhula ibe ngamamitha angu-275 ubude futhi ifinyelele isisindo esilinganiselwa ku-XNUMX kilos. Njengoba kwakulindelekile, abantu baqala ukuzingela lezi zilwane ukuze zidliwe. Ukuhlasela kwabazingeli bamaMaori endaweni yabo yemvelo kwakuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokushabalala kwalolu hlobo lwezilwane.
Izilwane ze-Holocene ezisengozini yokuqothulwa
Njengamanje kunomgwamanda wamazwe omhlaba ophethe ukuhlola izinhlobo zezinhlobo ngokwezinga lokusongela kwazo nokuthi zingaphela yini. Lesi sidalwa saziwa ngokuthi inyunyana yamazwe omhlaba yokongiwa kwemvelo (IUCN). Lo mzimba usungule izigaba ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngokuncipha kwabantu kanye nomphumela wezinto eziphilayo. Singathola imikhakha kusuka engcupheni, ingozi yokuqothulwa, ingozi ebucayi yokuqothulwa, ukuqothulwa endle, ukuqothulwa, hhayi ukusongelwa, kokukhathazeka okuncane futhi ngaphandle kwemininingwane eyanele.
Manje sizobala ezinye zezinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala futhi ezaziwa kakhulu:
- I-lynx yase-Iberia
- Ikamela lasendle
- I-Orangutan
- Inhlwathi yase-Asiatic
- Inqe elikhokhelwe izithunywa
- I-albatross ebrown emnyama
- Isivumelwano noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- I-tiger-tailed seahorse
Zonke lezi zinhlobo zingezilwane eziHolocene futhi zisengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa. Injalo inqubo yayo yokuqothulwa kancane kancane ukuthi ukumenyezelwa okukhulu kwesithupha kumenyezelwa. Okuthusa kakhulu ukuthi lesi sikhathi sesikhathi esifushane kakhulu ngenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezilwane ezisuke seziphelile.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezilwane zeHolocene.