Isikhathi se-Triassic

Ngaphakathi kwenkathi ye- Mesozoic sinezikhathi eziningana lapho lokhu kwehlukaniswa khona isikhathi sokuma komhlaba. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho I-Triassic. Kukwahlukaniswa kwesilinganiso sesikhathi sokuma komhlaba kulezi zikhathi ezintathu lapho iMesozoic ihlukaniswe khona. Iqale cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-251 edlule futhi yaphela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-199 edlule. Lezi zinsuku zokuqala nezokugcina azinembile kepha zimakwa yimicimbi ebalulekile kusukela ekubukeni komhlaba nokwakheka kwezinto. Kulokhu sithola ukuqothulwa kwesisindo se- I-Permian-triassic kanye ne-triassic-jurassic.

Kulesi sihloko sizogxila ekuchazeni konke izici, biology kanye nesimo sezulu se-Triassic.

Izici eziyinhloko

Lesi sikhathi sibonakala kakhulu ngokuvela kwama-dinosaurs okuqala. Lezi zilwane zazimelwe amafomu e-bipedal, ukudla okudla ngokugcwele, nosayizi omncane. Noma kunjalo, ekupheleni kweTriassic base bevele bathole ukuhlukahluka okukhulu futhi base beyizilwane ezinomgogodla ezibusa yonke iplanethi. Ukusabalala kwama-dinosaurs kwaholela ekushabalaleni kwamanye amaqembu ezilwane zangaphambili njengama-archosaur asendulo kanye nezilwane eziningi ezihuquzelayo ezinjengezilwane ezincelisayo ezazisakazeke ngalesi sikhathi. Esimweni sokuqothulwa kwenqwaba, kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula izimbangela zalokhu kushabalala maqondana nama-ecosystem akhona.

I-geassia ye-Triassic

Ngalesi sikhathi cishe wonke amazwe eplanethi yethu ayegxile ezwenikazi elilodwa elibizwa ngePangea. Leli zwekazi lalinomumo ongu-C futhi empumalanga kwakunguTethys Ocean kanti elizungezile kwakunguPanthalassa Ocean. Lolu lwandle lubhekwa njengolwandle lwasemhlabeni wonke ngoba lumboze umhlaba wonke.

Phakathi nalezi zikhathi, kwakunezinsalela eziningi ekujuleni kolwandle ezafakwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi futhi eziye zanyamalala ngokuthuthwa kwezingcwecwe zasolwandle ngokunyakaza okubangelwa ama-convection currents esembathweni soMhlaba. Lezi yizizathu zokuthi kungani kungaziwa okuningi mayelana nolwandle oluvulekile noma ngesikhathi se-Triassic. Isici esifanelekile se-Triassic geology ukuxhumana kwayo nomqondo wokuthi Ukukhukhuleka kwezwekazi okuguqule ngokuphawulekayo ukucushwa kwamazwekazi.

Izwekazi lasePangea laqala ukuhlukaniswa ngalesi sikhathi ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi seTriassic esedlule. Futhi ingabe lesi yisikhathi Ihlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezintathu ezaziwa njengeLower Triassic, Middle Triassic, neUpper Triassic. Ngale ndlela i-supercontinent yahlukaniswa yaba iLaurasia neGondwana. Ingxenye yokuqala yayihlanganisa lonke izwekazi lase-Asia, eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu. Ingxenye yesibili ye-supercontinent yayihlanganisa i-Afrika, i-Arabia, i-India, i-Australia, i-Antarctica neNingizimu Melika.

I-supercontinent yayihamba kancane kakhulu enyakatho ngesikhathi seTriassic. Yilapho i-supercontinent yaqala khona ukubonisa izimpawu zokuqala zokuhlukana zibe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko. Izinsalela zokuqala ezazitholakala ngaphandle kolwandle zazibangelwa ukuqhekeka okwakuyimbangela yokuhlukaniswa kokuqala kwezwekazi elikhulu. Lokhu kuhlukana yikho okudale ukuhlukana kokuqala kwePangea futhi kwazile ukuhlukanisa esikwaziyo namuhla njengeNew Jersey neMorocco.

Ngalesi sikhathi izinga lolwandle lakhuphuka kancane yize umthamo wezindawo ezavelayo wawusaphakeme impela. Futhi ukuthi ulwandle iTethys lwakha igebe elibanzi ebeliba yindlela yokuhlasela kwasolwandle.

Isimo sezulu seTriassic

Isimo sezulu salesi sikhathi sasivame ukushisa futhi somile. Lawa mazinga okushisa aphezulu abeyimbangela yemvelaphi nokwandiswa kwezingwadule kanye nama-evaporites. Njengoba iPangea yayinkulu, umphumela wokulinganisela wolwandle wawulinganiselwe kakhulu. Futhi ukuthi ulwandle lusebenza njengomengameli wamazinga okushisa omhlaba jikelele. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe singathola ushintsho olukhulu ngokuzumayo emazingeni okushisa ngoba akukho ukusondela olwandle okungenzeka kulawula izinga lokushisa ngenxa yokusebenza kwemisinga yolwandle.

Isimo sezulu sezwekazi besinenkathi enkulu kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi ngamahlobo ashisayo kakhulu nobusika obubanda kakhulu. Njengoba ulwandle lwalungakwazi ukusebenza njengomlawuli oshisayo, kwakunezinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu kuzo zombili izinkathi zonyaka. Izimvula ezinamandla cishe zazikhona eduze kwenkabazwe, nakuba kungekho bufakazi bokuthi kuneqhwa eduze noma kunoma iyiphi indawo. Eqinisweni, phakathi nalesi sikhathi izifunda ezimaphakathi nezwe zazinomswakama futhi zinesimo sezulu esipholile. Lesi simo sezulu sasilungele ukuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke izidalwa ezihuquzelayo ezinegazi elibandayo, kanye nama-dinosaurs okuqala aqala ukuhlukahluka.

Izimbali nezilwane

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ulwandle lukhuphuke kancane ngesikhathi seLower Triassic. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi kwaba nokuqothulwa okukhulu lapho ama-conodonts nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ze-placodont zaphela khona. Kulokhu kuqothulwa Ama-20% ezilwane zasolwandle anyamalala yize wonke la maqembu ebengatholakala ngesikhathi seJurassic. Iningi lezisulu ezaqothulwa ngenxa yokwanda kwama-dinosaurs kwakuyizizukulwane zezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezincelisayo nezilwane eziphila ezweni.

Njengoba kulindelekile emvelweni, kunezilwane nezitshalo okuyizo ezizuza ngokuyinhloko ekuqothulweni kwezinye izinhlobo, njengoba zonke lezi zingaba izilwane ezidla ezinye zemvelo. Ngaphandle kwezilwane ezidla ezinye zemvelo, inani labantu bazo lingakhula ngesivinini esisheshayo. Lezi zinzuzo zokushabalala emhlabeni kwakuyizibankwakazi ezikhula ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi seJurassic, futhi kwakulawula izindawo zokuhlala zasemhlabeni kuyo yonke inkathi yeMesozoic.

Okuwukuphela kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezakwazi ukusinda ekwandeni kwezibankwakazi kwakuyi-ichthyosaur nama-plesiosaur. Ubufakazi besayensi bubonisa ukuthi kwakukhona izenzakalo eziningana zokuqothulwa ku-Triassic. Enye yayisekuqaleni kwenkathi kanti enye yayisekupheleni. Isikhathi sokuqothulwa kwalokhu kuqothulwa olwandle akucaci ngokuphelele kwisayensi, kodwa kunezimbangela zokuqothulwa kwe-Triassic ezingaziwa. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukusho ukuthi lokhu kuhlobana kanjani nokushabalala kwePermian, okube nomthelela omkhulu ezitshalo nasezilwaneni zangaleso sikhathi.

Olunye lwezifundo eziphambili olwenziwa enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Arizona ngo-2002 alukwazanga ukukhombisa ushintsho olungazelelwe emvelweni noma emazingeni okushisa, ngakho-ke akunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi imbangela yokuqothulwa kwesimo sezulu iyisimo sezulu. Kulezi zikhathi ama-conifers namanye amaqembu ama-gymnosperms yiwo athatha indawo yezitshalo zezitshalo ngezimbewu ezazisabalele futhi zagcwala ezindaweni eziphansi ngalezi zikhathi.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesikhathi se-Triassic.