Siphila ezweni elinesimo sezulu esihluke kakhulu. Kusukela ezifundeni ezipholile kuya ezindaweni ezifudumele nezibandayo, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esincane lapho amazinga okushisa engase angahambisani nalokho okulindelekile ngokusekelwe endaweni akuyo, kuyisenzakalo esithakazelisayo. Isibonelo esicacile yi-Antarctica, lapho amakhaza ehlasela ngamandla, noma indawo ephethe isihloko esithi indawo efudumele emhlabeni.
El Ugwadule LwakwaLut, etholakala e-Iran, indawo okungafanele uye kuyo uma ungakubekezeleli kahle ukushisa. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe ngabakwa NASA, amazinga okushisa kulesi sifunda angafinyelela kalula Ama-50 degrees Celsius, futhi na ngaphezulu! Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisa kwezifunda eziseningizimu yeSpain, lapho amazinga okushisa azungezile I-40 kuya kuma-45 degrees, ukwenyuka kwamadigri angu-5 ngaphezulu kungase kube nzima kakhulu. Kunjengokungathi othile uvule i-heater endaweni efudumele kakade, inselele yangempela kunoma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo.
Okumangaza nakakhulu ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu elake laqoshwa ogwadule lwaseLut kwaba I-70.7ºC. Ngamazinga anjalo okushisa, i- ukuphila cishe akukho; Abantu bebengakwazi ukubekezelela lezi zindawo imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokubhekana nokwehluleka kwezitho, futhi kokubili izitshalo nezilwane azikho ngokuphelele kulezi zindawo eziyingozi kakhulu.
Ihlobo kule ndawo liba nzima kakhulu. Nakuba umswakama cishe ungekho, i amatshe amnyama Izitshalo zasogwadule zinamandla amakhulu okumunca ukushisa, okwenza amazinga okushisa anyuke. Lezi zimo ziyingozi kangangokuthi uma unquma ukuvakasha, ngisho nasebusika, kufanele uhlale uletha amanzi kanye ne-sunscreen ukuvimbela ukushisa kokushisa.
Ukuqhathanisa nezinye izindawo ezishisayo
Ngisho nerekhodi elimangalisayo le-Lut Desert, akuyona ukuphela kwendawo ohlwini lwabashisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Kunezifunda ezimbalwa ezinqobe amazinga okushisa adlulele futhi bekugxilwe kuzo ezifundweni ezahlukahlukene ezenziwa yizinhlangano ezifana ne Inhlangano Yezwe Yezulu (WMO).
I-Death Valley, eCalifornia
Le ndawo kade yaziwa ngokuthi ishisa kakhulu emhlabeni, enerekhodi lokuthi I-56,7 ºC eFurnace Creek, eyaqoshwa ngoJulayi 1913. Ngo-2023, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu 53,3 ° C. Lesi sigodi, esimamitha angu-86 ngaphansi kwezinga lolwandle, sibonakala ngesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, esithonywa izimo zezwe ukuthi babamba umoya oshisayo.
Ugwadule iSahara
E-Sahara, idolobha lase-Ouargla liqophe amazinga okushisa afika phezulu 55 ° C ngo-July 2018. Lolugwadule, oluwugwadule olukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, luphinde lubhekane nezimo ezinzima ezinemvula encane kakhulu, okwenza ukuphila kube nzima.
I-Sonoran Desert, eMexico
Lolu gwadule lwaziwa futhi ngokufinyelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngo-2023, isathelayithi ye-NASA yathola izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu 80,8 ° C, idlula izimbangi zayo eziningi. Inhlanganisela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nezimo ezifana I-El Niño ziye zaqinisa lezi zimo, okwenza amazinga okushisa adlulele avame kakhulu esifundeni.
Izimbangela Zokushisa Okudlulele
Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kulezi zifunda abangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa:
- IJografi: Izindawo eziphansi zivame ukufudumala ngenxa yokucindezela okuphezulu komkhathi, okwandisa izinga lokushisa lomoya.
- Isimo sendawo: Izintaba eziseduze nalezi zingwadule zidala umgoqo obamba umoya oshisayo, onomthelela ekwandiseni amazinga okushisa.
- Umswakamo Ophansi: Umswakama ophansi kanye nesibhakabhaka esicwebile kuvumela imisebe yelanga ukuba imuncele ngqo emhlabathini, okuqhubekisele phambili ukukhulisa amazinga okushisa angaphezulu.
- Inhlabathi Eyomile: Umhlabathi kulezi zifunda unamandla amakhulu okugcina nokukhulula ukushisa ngokushesha, okwandisa izinga lokushisa phakathi nosuku.
Amazinga Okushisa Okulinganisa Ubuchwepheshe
Indlela yamanje yokulinganisa amazinga okushisa isithuthuke kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-mercury thermometers. I-WMO nezinye iziteshi zisebenzisa izilinganiso ezisekelwe phansi kanye nezesathelayithi, zisebenzisa amakhamera we-infrared ukuskena umhlaba. Le ndlela ivumela ukuqapha kwezindawo eziyingozi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba khona komuntu okuqondile, okubalulekile ezindaweni ezingenamoya ezinjalo.
Izilinganiso zokushisa zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili:
- Izinga lokushisa lomoya: Le parameter ikala ukushisa okusemoyeni endaweni ethile. Inembe kakhulu ekunqumeni ukuthi akuphi amazinga okushisa aphezulu emhlabeni.
- Izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu: Nakuba ingahluka kakhulu, ibalulekile ekuhloleni ukutholakala kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye namandla ezolimo esifunda.
Umthelela Empilweni Yomuntu Nemvelo
Ukushisa okudlulele kunomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomuntu nasezinhlelweni zemvelo. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu ayithinti impilo yomphakathi kuphela, kodwa futhi nezolimo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni ezivame ukushisa. Ezifundeni ezinjengeNew Delhi, nayo eqophe amazinga okushisa aphezulu, amagagasi okushisa abe necala lokufa kwabantu abaningi.
Ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zimo ezimbi kubalulekile. Imiphakathi esezifundeni ezishisayo kumele isebenzise amasu okunciphisa isimo sezulu kanye nokuvumelana nezimo, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamanzi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokupholisa ekhaya.
- Ukuhlelwa kwedolobha okunciphisa umphumela wesiqhingi sokushisa.
- Imfundo ngezingozi zokushisa okukhulu kanye nempilo yomphakathi.
Ngokwandayo, izimo zesimo sezulu kanye namarekhodi okushisa asibonisa ukuthi iplanethi iyashintsha. Njengoba ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuyanda, hhayi ezingwadule kuphela kodwa emhlabeni wonke, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivumelanisa nalezi zimo ezintsha ezingokoqobo. Kokubili izici zemvelo namathonya abantu ekugcineni achaza ukuthi la mazinga okushisa adlulele atholakala kanjani futhi kuphi.
Ukuphatha ukushisa okudlulele akuyona nje inselele ezifundeni ezithinteke kakhulu, kodwa kuso sonke isintu njengoba sibhekene nalezi zinguquko. Ikusasa leplanethi lincike ekhonweni lethu lokuqonda nokuzivumelanisa nalezi zindawo ezinobutha.