Siphila eplanethini lapho kukhona okuncane kwakho konke: izifunda lapho imvula ina kakhulu kangangokuthi izikhukhula ziyinkinga enkulu, ezinye lapho imvula ina khona ngokusesilinganisweni, kanti ezinye lapho imvula ina amasentimitha ambalwa kuphela ... hhayi minyaka yonke. Lezi zindawo ezihlukahlukene nesimo sezulu zenza umhlaba ube ikhaya elimangalisayo.
Wake wazibuza ukuthi izulu lina kancane kangakanani? Uma kunjalo, ungaphuthelwa yilesi sihloko. Hlanganyela nathi kulolu hambo ukuze uthole indawo eyome kakhulu emhlabeni.
Indawo eyome kakhulu emhlabeni: uMaría Elena Sur
Indawo eyome kakhulu emhlabeni wethu UMaria Elena Sur (INYANGA). Itholakala esifundeni I-Yungay, e-(e-Chile), INYANGA indawo eyome kakhulu eplanethini enguMhlaba. Ngomswakama ophakathi komkhathi (RH) ongu-17.3% kanye ne-RH yenhlabathi engashintshi engu-14% ekujuleni kwemitha elilodwa, ungase ucabange ukuthi impilo ngeke iphile lapha… kodwa uyobe unephutha.
Izici zalesi sigcawu ziyafana neplanethi yethu engumakhelwane, i-Mars, kodwa ososayensi bathole amagciwane ahlala kulezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu. Njengoba ishicilelwe kumagazini Imibiko ye-Environmental MicrobiologyLawa ma-microorganisms ayinkomba yamandla okuphila okuguquguqukayo.
Ama-Microorganisms kanye nokumelana kwawo okumangazayo
Lezi zinambuzane ezincane, ezitholwe kusetshenziswa amasu ebhayoloji yamangqamuzana, zingasisiza siqonde ubudlelwano phakathi kokuphila namanzi. Abagcini nje ngokusinda endaweni eyome kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa futhi banokubekezelela okuphezulu emisebeni ye-ultraviolet.
Uma kukhona impilo ku-MES, kungaba khona eyodwa ku-Mars? Nokho, kuyinto engenzeka. Usosayensi waseChile u-Armado Azúa-Bustos wathi “uma kunendawo efanayo eMhlabeni lapho siye sathola khona ama-microorganisms aphilayo, ukutholakala kwamanzi akubonakali kunciphisa ukuphila ku-Mars,” okumangalisayo, awucabangi?
Ukuqonda isisekelo samangqamuzana sokubekezelela isomiso okuphezulu kungasisiza ukuba sithuthuke izitshalo ezimelana kakhulu, ngakho-ke kwazi bani, mhlawumbe singagcina sinezihlahla zezithelo noma izitshalo zemifino ezingawadingi amanzi amaningi, into engaba ebalulekile kwezolimo ezindaweni ezomile.
I-Atacama Desert: isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu
El Ugwadule lwase-Atacama Ayidumile nje ngokuba yiyona eyome kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa nangenxa yezindawo zayo ezihlaba umxhwele kanye nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-European Space Agency, le ndawo emhlabeni yazi kuphela imvula phakathi kwezikhathi ezimbili nezine ekhulwini ngalinye. Kwezinye izindawo ogwadule kuthiwa imvula ayizange line iminyaka engu-500. Kwamanye, alikho imvula elake laqoshwa. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalesi simo sokuna kwemvula encane, vakashela Okufanele wonke umuntu akwazi ngesimo sezulu sasogwadule.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Atacama Desert iyingxenye yogu oluwugwadule lwasePacific eNingizimu Melika. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi ithunzi lemvula, lapho ukhahlamba lwezintaba zase-Andes luvimba umoya onomswakama ovela e-Amazon, kanti umsinga wasePeruvia (Humboldt) ukhiqiza amanzi abandayo akhuphukayo akhuphuka olwandle abangele ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Uma ungathanda ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezimo zasogwadule, vakashela Sinjani isimo sezulu ogwadule?.
Nakuba uGwadule Lwase-Atacama luthola imvula encane kakhulu, kunezindlela ezihlakaniphile izakhamuzi zakulesi sifunda eziqoqa ngazo amanzi. Inkungu, eyaziwa endaweni ngokuthi 'camanchaca', iba umthombo obalulekile womswakama. Le nkungu iqoqwa izitshalo nezilwane ngokufanayo, kuhlanganise nabantu abahlala endaweni, abasebenzisa 'amanethi enkungu' ukuyithumba futhi iguqule ibe amanzi okuphuza, okubonisa ukuzivumelanisa okuphawulekayo nendawo yayo.
Izimo zidlulele kangangokuthi ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa i-'Mars' yomhlaba. “Ungawa ngokoqobo, usike ingalo yakho etsheni, futhi ungakhathazeki ngokuthola izifo ngoba awekho amagciwane asendaweni,” kusho uBrian Glass, umphenyi oyinhloko we-Atacama Rover Astrobiology Drilling Studies (ARADS; 2016–2019).
Eqinisweni, NASA uye wasebenzisa izifunda eziningana Atacama njengoba indawo yokuhlola i-rover, kubhekwa njenge-analogue ephelele yeplanethi ebomvu. Lokhu kugqamisa ukubaluleka kogwadule kusayensi yezinkanyezi nokuhlola umkhathi. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngezinye izingwadule, hlola izingwadule zomhlaba.
Ukuphila Ogwadule lwase-Atacama
Nakuba kunempilo encane ogwadule, isifunda siya ngokuya sinempilo (ngokukhuluma komuntu). Kuze kube muva nje, le ndawo ibinabantu abambalwa. Ku ISan Pedro de Atacama, isango eliya ogwadule, babembalwa kakhulu ababenesibindi sokubhekana nezimo ezinzima ezinikezwa yi-Atacama.
Cishe akekho owake wahlala lapha ngaphambilini. Sasiyidolobhana elinabantu abangaba ngu-200 abangenawo ugesi, abangenawo amanzi. Ngikhumbula umuntu wokuqala owathola isiqandisi. “Ngikhumbula ithelevishini yokuqala,” umqondisi wendawo uMary wachazela iNational Geographic.
Kodwa manje isimo sesishintshe kakhulu. Ukuma kwayo okuyingqayizivele nokumangalisayo kuye kwakhanga abaningi izivakashi. Futhi i ezokuvakasha kwezinkanyezi idonse izinkulungwane zabantu, njengoba ingenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni zokubona izinkanyezi. Njengamanje, iChile ine Amaphesenti angama-40 akho konke ukubonwa kwezinkanyezi emhlabeni jikelele. Uma unesithakazelo kulokho okwenzeka ogwadule oluqhakazayo, ungafunda kabanzi lapha.
Umnotho wesifunda ubulokhu ubuswa yi- izimayini, obekuwumthombo oyinhloko wemali engenayo amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Amadiphozithi we ama-nitrate Baxhashazwa kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-19 futhi iChile yayinamandla omhlaba wonke ekukhiqizweni kwalezi zinto ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Nakuba umthombo omkhulu wemali engenayo esifundeni kuyizimayini, ithusi eChuquicamata, esigodini saseCalama, lapho isizinda senzeka khona endaweni engabhekwa njengendawo eyome kakhulu emhlabeni.
Eminyakeni yamuva, i lithium ibuye yazuza ukubaluleka. I-Atacama Salt Flat iyidiphozithi ye-lithium brine enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, futhi ilandisa cishe kukho konke ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi yaseChile okuzoba ukhiye ekushintsheni kwamandla omhlaba. Le nsiza idonse ukunaka emhlabeni wonke, njengoba i-lithium iyingxenye ebalulekile amabhethri emoto kagesi kanye nezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe.
Isenzakalo sasogwadule esiqhakazayo, esivame ukwenzeka ngemva kwemvula engavamile, siletha ukuqhuma kombala endaweni evame ugwadule. Lokhu akuguquli ngokubukeka kuphela isifunda, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ku-ecosystem yendawo.
