Kuwo wonke umlando, kuye kwaba khona abesifazane besayensi izenzakalo ezingavamile ezishiye uphawu olungenakucimeka emhlabeni wesayensi. Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselele eziningi nobandlululo lwesikhathi sabo, laba besifazane abanesibindi bashaya indiva ababekulindele futhi bavula isisekelo esisha emikhakheni yabo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokukhombisa ukuthi yiziphi izimanga zososayensi besifazane ababaluleke kakhulu emlandweni.
Ososayensi besifazane Ababaluleke Kakhulu Emlandweni
Marie Curie
UMarie Curie, ngaphandle kokungabaza, uphezulu kulolu hlu. Wazalelwa ePoland ngo-1867. UCurie wayeyiphayona emkhakheni we-radioactivity. Ukutholwa kwakhe okuyisisekelo mayelana ne-elementi ye-radium ne-polonium akuzange nje kumtholele uMklomelo KaNobel ku-Physics, kodwa futhi waba umuntu wokuqala ukuthola imiklomelo kaNobel emikhakheni eyahlukene. Ukuzikhandla kwakhe kwavula indlela yesayensi yesimanje ye-physics ne-chemistry futhi kwabeka isisekelo semithi yenuzi. Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngempilo yakhe, ungafunda incwadi ethi I-biography kaMarie Curie.
URosalind Franklin
Wayengusosayensi waseBrithani ovelele owabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekutholakaleni kokwakheka kwe-DNA. Esebenzisa amasu e-X-ray diffraction, wathwebula izithombe ezibalulekile wavumela uJames Watson noFrancis Crick ukuba benze imodeli ye-DNA eyi-helix ephindwe kabili. Nakuba indima yakhe ekuqaleni yayibukelwa phansi, iqhaza lakhe elibalulekile ezakhini zofuzo zamangqamuzana liye laqashelwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Ada Lovelace
Wayeyindodakazi yembongi u-Lord Byron futhi uthathwa njengomqambi wokuqala emlandweni. Ngawo-1840, esebenza noCharles Babbage kanye ne-Analytical Engine yakhe, U-Ada wenze isethi yemiyalelo yomshini, okumenza abe ngumuntu wokuqala owacabanga ngohlelo lwekhompyutha. Umbono wakhe wokuphayona wavula indlela yekhompyutha yesimanje futhi wabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Florence Nightingale
Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, siqokomisa uFlorence Nightingale, umhlengikazi waseBrithani owaguqula umkhuba wokunakekelwa kwempilo ekhulwini le-XNUMX. nightingale wazinikela ekwenzeni ngcono izimo zenhlanzeko ezibhedlela kanye nokusungula izindinganiso zenhlanzeko, eyasindisa ukuphila kwabantu abaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wenza iminikelo ebalulekile emkhakheni wezibalo kanye ne-epidemiology, ebeka izisekelo zokuphatha impilo yomphakathi yesimanje.
Abanye ososayensi besifazane ababalulekile
Baningi abengeziwe ososayensi besifazane abamisebenzi yabo ifanele ukuqashelwa. Kuwo wonke umlando, abesifazane abanjengo-Emmy Noether, isazi sezibalo esingumJalimane, baye bashiya uphawu olungacimeki emkhakheni wezibalo kanye ne-theoretical physics. Imibono yakhe emkhakheni we-algebra abstract kanye ne-particle physics yabeka isisekelo sentuthuko ebalulekile kuthiyori ye-quantum field.
Emkhakheni wesayensi yezinkanyezi, U-Henrietta Swan Leavitt wenze igalelo elibalulekile emkhakheni wezinkanyezi eziguquguqukayo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, wathola ubuhlobo phakathi kwenkathi nokukhanya kwezinkanyezi ze-Cepheid, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukukala amabanga endaweni yonke ngokunemba okukhulu. Umsebenzi wabo wavulela u-Edwin Hubble indlela yokuthola ukwanda kwendawo yonke.
Omunye wesifazane ovelele uJane Goodall, isazi sezilwane zaseBrithani esidume ngokufunda isikhathi eside ngezimfene eGombe Stream National Park yaseTanzania. UGoodall uguqule ukuqonda kwethu ama-primates, abonisa ukuthi ayakwazi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi, abe nobuntu obuhlukile, futhi akhe izibopho zemizwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Umsebenzi wabo ube negalelo elikhulu ekuqondeni kwethu ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwabantu nokongiwa kwezilwane zasendle.
Emkhakheni wekhompyutha, singabala uGrace Hopper, usosayensi wamakhompyutha waseMelika. UHopper wayengomunye wabahleli bezinhlelo zokuqala zeHarvard Mark I, enye yamakhompiyutha okuqala e-electromechanical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waphayona ukuthuthukiswa kwabahlanganisi, okuvumela abahleli bezinhlelo ukuthi babhale ikhodi yolimi yezinga eliphezulu esikhundleni sekhodi yomshini. Umsebenzi wakhe wabeka isisekelo sokuthuthuka kwezinhlelo kanye nekhompyutha yesimanje.
Izinkinga zomphakathi zososayensi besifazane
Ososayensi besifazane babhekane nobunzima obuningi ukuze bagqame emphakathini obuswa ukuchema kobulili kanye nezindima zendabuko. Lezi zithiyo zikhawulele ukufinyelela kwabo emfundweni, amathuba ocwaningo, kanye nokuqashelwa kweminikelo yabo yesayensi. Noma kunjalo, abaningi balaba besifazane baye banqoba lobu bunzima futhi bashiya uphawu oluhlala njalo emikhakheni yabo.
Ukufinyelela emfundweni yesayensi kwakukhawulelwe kwabesifazane amakhulu eminyaka. Banqatshelwe ukufinyelela ezikhungweni zemfundo kanye namathuba okufunda, behliselwe emisebenzini yendabuko eyengeziwe futhi bathathwa njengabangakwazi ukubhekana nezifundo zesayensi. Abaningi balaba bososayensi besifazane kwadingeka balwe kanzima ukuze bathole imfundo ehlelekile, bebhekene nokumelana nokucwaswa emphakathini wonkana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba abesifazane bengena emkhakheni wesayensi, bebebhekene nokuntula ukuqashelwa kanye namathuba ocwaningo. Iminikelo yabo yayihlale ibukelwa phansi noma kuthiwa yenziwa ngozakwabo besilisa, okubavimbela ekutholeni ukuhlonishwa okubafanele. Ngisho nalapho bekwazile ukwenza ucwaningo olubalulekile, abakutholile kwakuvame ukunganakwa noma kubukelwa phansi ngenxa yombono owandile wokuthi abesifazane babengakwazi ukwenza iminikelo efanele yesayensi.
Ukushoda kokusekelwa kanye nokwelulekwa nakho kube nenselelo enkulu. Ososayensi besifazane bebentula amanethiwekhi ochwepheshe aqinile namamodeli, okuvimbela intuthuko yabo kwezesayensi. Ukungabibikho kwamathuba oxhaso kanye nokubamba iqhaza okulinganiselwe ezingqungqutheleni zesayensi nemiphakathi yezemfundo nakho kwakhinyabeza intuthuko yabo yobungcweti.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi besifazane ngokuvamile babhekana nokucwasa kanye nemibono egxilile emphakathini. Babuzwa mayelana nekhono labo lokulinganisa umsebenzi wabo wesayensi nezinto ezilindelwe ngokobulili zendabuko, njengokunakekela umndeni. Lezi zingcindezi zezenhlalo nezamasiko zenze kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuthi babambe iqhaza ngokugcwele emkhakheni wesayensi futhi ngokuvamile zibaphoqa ukuthi bagibele imithwalo yemfanelo eminingi.
Naphezu kwabo bonke lobu bunzima, ososayensi besifazane babekezela futhi bakwazi ukwenza kahle emikhakheni yabo. Namuhla, kwenziwa umsebenzi wokuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukungalingani phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ukuze wonke umuntu abe namathuba afanayo futhi aphumelele emkhakheni wesayensi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nososayensi besifazane ababaluleke kakhulu emlandweni kanye nemisebenzi yabo.
