Ubuhlakani bukaMars Yindiza enophephela emhlane ehlakaniphile inhloso yayo enkulu ukundiza phezu kweplanethi iMars. Inesisindo esingaba ngu-1.8 kg kuphela, okwenza kube lula nokuhamba kalula. Kodwa-ke, inezimo ezinkulu ezazizoletha intuthuko enkulu ekutholeni indawo yonke.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke Izici, ukusebenza, nokubaluleka kwe-Ingenuity Mars.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zale ndiza enophephela emhlane ehlose ukuya kwenye iplanethi. I-Ingenuity Mars rover inobuchwepheshe obuphambili obushintsha ukuhlola indawo. Isekelwe kuphrojekthi efuna ukugunyaza amandla amasha anobubanzi obunomkhawulo. Ihlanganisa ama-4 enziwe ngokukhethekile ama-carbon fiber blades ahlelwe ngama-rotor amabili azungeza izinhlangothi ezahlukene. iziphikiso ezizungeze ijubane lama-2.400 XNUMX rpm. Lesi sivinini sishesha kaningi kunendiza enophephela emhlane yabagibeli emhlabeni wethu.
Iphinde ifake amaseli amasha elanga, amabhethri asezingeni eliphakeme, nezinye izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi. Akaphathi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwensimbi yesayensi kusukela lapho isivivinyo esehlukile ku-Perseverance of Mars 2020. Yindiza yokuqala ukuzama ukulawulwa kwendiza kwenye iplanethi. Futhi ukuthi indiza enophephela emhlane ye-Ingenuity Mars izokwenza umzamo wokuqala emlandweni wokuqhumisa enye iplanethi.
Ubunzima be-Ingenuity Mars
Okwenza kube nzima ngendiza enophephela emhlane ukuthi indize kuyi-Mars umkhathi wayo omncane. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuzuza ukuphakama okwanele. Futhi umkhathi we-Mars uminyene kancane ngo-99% kunoweplanethi enguMhlaba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi idinga ukulula, ifakwe ama-rotor amakhulu kakhulu futhi akwazi ukuzungeza ngokushesha kunalokho obekungadingeka endizeni enophephela emhlane yale modeli eMhlabeni.
Kumelwe futhi sicabangele amazinga okushisa asemhlabeni. Kujwayelekile kakhulu amazinga okushisa kwezinye izindawo ezifana okokwehla kokwehla okungenani okungu-130 degrees Fahrenheit okungu -90 degrees Celsius. Yize iqembu le-Ingenuity Mars livume amazinga okushisa afana nalokhu, kukholakala ukuthi kufanele lenze kahle njengoba kuhlosiwe. Amakhaza azodudula imikhawulo yokwakhiwa kwezingxenye eziningi zale ndiza enophephela emhlane.
Futhi, isilawuli sendiza ye-JPL ngeke sikwazi ukulawula i-helicopter ngenduku yokudlala. Ukubambezeleka kwezokuxhumana kuyingxenye yemvelo yokusebenza kokuhamba komkhathi emabangeni aphakathi kwamaplanethi. Ama-oda kufanele athunyelwe kusengaphambili futhi imininingwane yobunjiniyela izobuyiswa isuka esikhumulweni semikhumbi isikhathi eside ngemuva kwendiza ngayinye. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubuhlakani buzoba nokuzimela okuningi ekunqumeni ukuthi ungandiza kanjani uye endaweni yokuhlala futhi ufudumale.
I-Ingenuity Mars isivele ikhombisile ezinye izinto zobunjiniyela. Onjiniyela bakhombisile ukuthi kuyenzeka kwakhiwe indiza elula ekwaziyo ukuphakamisa okwanele kulo mkhathi omncane kakhulu futhi ikwazi ukuphila endaweni efanayo. Bazohlola amamodeli athuthuke kakhulu kuma-simulators athile wesikhala e-JPL. Ithimba lonke lizobala igxathu negxathu lempumelelo ukuze lihlale lisesikhathini ngokutholwa okuzokwenziwa.
Amandla we-Ingenuity Mars
Ososayensi bazokwazi ukugubha impumelelo ngayinye efinyelelwa yile divayisi. Futhi ukusinda nje kwethulwa usuka e-Cape Canaveral nokusebenzisa lonke uhambo lokuya e-Mars ufika kule planethi eshiwo ukuthi sekuyimpumelelo. Uma isisemhlabeni obomvu, kufanele igcinwe ifudumele ngokuzenzakalelayo phakathi nobusuku obubanda kakhulu baseMartian. Inzuzo yalokhu ukuthi ingashajwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngenxa yokuba khona kwephaneli yelanga. Uma indiza enophephela emhlane iphumelele kusukela endizeni yokuqala, izindiza ezengeziwe zokuhlola zizozanywa ngaphakathi iwindi lezinsuku ezingama-30 zeMartian, ezilingana cishe nezinsuku ezingama-31 Zomhlaba.
Uma lo msebenzi uphumelela, ukuhlola ngokuzayo kweplanethi ebomvu kungabandakanya ubukhulu bezindiza. Kuhloswe ukukhombisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo ukundiza emkhathini bungakhiwa. Uma kuphumelele, bangavumela ukwakhiwa kwezinye izimoto ezindizayo ezinamarobhothi ezingafakwa ohambweni oluzayo lwerobhothi nolwenziwe ngabantu eMars. Bangaphinde banikele ngephuzu eliyingqayizivele le-vantage elinganikezwanga ama-orbiters anamuhla aphezulu.
Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe, sizokwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezithombe ezinencazelo ephezulu kanye nokuqashelwa kokugetshengwa kwabantu, sivumele ngisho nokufinyelela endaweni okunzima ngama-rover ukufinyelela kuzo. Iqembu lonke Uzame konke okusemandleni akhe ukuhlola ubuhlakani kwi-Mars yethu. Ukubaluleka kwakho konke lokhu ukufunda ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze kube ngumvuzo omuhle kakhulu futhi ukwazi ukusingatha omunye ubukhulu bendlela esihlola ngayo eminye imihlaba ngokuzayo.
Idatha ethakazelisayo
I-Ingenuity Mars izongena endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Jezero crater, imbobo ebanzi engamakhilomitha angama-45 ebekwe ebusweni beplanethi ebomvu onqenqemeni olusentshonalanga ye-Isidis Planitia, indishi enkulu yomthelela enyakatho ye-equator yaseMartian. Esikhathini esingekude esedlule, kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sigodi sasiyindawo enhle. Phakathi kweminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu kuya kwezi-3 eyedlule, umfula ugelezela emanzini alingana neLake Tahoe e-United States futhi wafaka inhlabathi egcwele amatshe e-carbonates namaminerali obumba. Ithimba lePerseverance Science likholelwa ukuthi leli delta lasendulo lomfula kungenzeka ukuthi laqoqa futhi lagcina ama-molecule wezinto eziphilayo nezinye izimpawu ezingaba khona zokuphila kwamagciwane.
Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu, ngezinyathelo ezincane, ezikhulayo, onjiniyela be-JPL bakhombisile ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bakhe umshini osindayo ongakhiqiza ngokwanele emkhathini omncane we-Mars. Ingaphila futhi endaweni enokhahlo yomhlaba. Uhlobo lokugcina ludinga ukuhlola amakhulu amamodeli akhula ngokuthuthuka ku-JPL space simulator. Uma enye yalezi zinyathelo yehluleka, iphrojekthi izokwehluleka.