Uma ukhuluma ngobubanzi bezintaba ezinkulu emhlabeni uhlala ukhuluma ngabo izindlalifa. Iwukhahlamba lwezintaba oluhlanganisa iziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni wethu, kuhlanganise ne-Everest edumile kanye ne-K2. Iphinde ibe nezinguzunga zeqhwa eziningi zezintaba, njenge Izinguzunga zeqhwa zase-Himalayan, enamanani aphezulu emvelo. Nakuba inkulu ngobukhulu, ibhekwa njengenye yezintaba ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngazo zonke izici, i-geology, izitshalo nezilwane ezikhona e-Himalayas kanye nokubaluleka okunakho ngemvelo. Ingabe uyafuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngezintaba ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni? Qhubeka ufunda ngoba uzofunda konke
Okuvamile
AmaHimalaya atholakala kuyo yonke i-Asia eseningizimu emaphakathi. Lezi zintaba zigcina ezinye zezinto ezinhle kakhulu eMhlabeni ziphila. Ihamba ibanga elide elihlala emazweni ama-5 okwengezwa: I-India, iNepal, iChina, iBhutan nePakistan. Ngenxa yesimo sezulu nokuphakama kwezintaba zayo, kunamadiphozi amakhulu e-ice okwenza ukuthi ibe sezingeni lesithathu ezingeni lomhlaba. I-Antarctica ne-Arctic ukuphela kwento engadlula lezi zintaba ngokweqhwa. Yize ingangeni eqhweni eliphezulu emhlabeni, igqame ngobuhle bayo obungenakulinganiswa Izintaba ze-Appalachian.
Naphezu kwesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu kulezi zintaba, amadolobha amaningi nezindawo zokuhlala ezihlukahlukene ziye zasungulwa lapha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isiko elithuthukayo kulezi zindawo lihlukile, njengoba lingatholakali kwenye indawo. Ngaphezu kwesiko layo eliyingqayizivele kanye nokukhethekile kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, inendawo enkulu eheha izivakashi, hhayi ezivakashini ezisuka kwamanye amazwe kuphela kodwa nabaqwali abaqeqeshiwe abazama ukufinyelela esiqongweni bese bephula amarekhodi omhlaba.
Izakhamizi zale ndawo zaziwa njenge USherpas futhi ungungoti kakhulu ezintabeni zaseNepal. Eqinisweni, abaningi bazinikele ekufundiseni abagibeli be-novice konke abadinga ukukwazi ukuze baphile ezindaweni eziphakeme ze-Himalaya. Futhi ukuthi emazingeni aphezulu izinga lokushisa lehla kanye nengcindezi yasemkhathini futhi bakhiqiza izimo ezinzima kakhulu zemvelo ukuthi bakwazi ukukhuphuka.
I-Los USherpas wazalelwa kulezi zindawo Ngakho-ke, baye baba nenqubo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo ezithatha iminyaka eminingi. I-Himalayas nayo iyisici senkolo esinamandla kubo bonke abantu abaseduze nezintaba. Akukhona nje ukuthi kubusa inkolo eyodwa kulezi zindawo, kodwa amaHindu, amaJain, amaBuddha namaSikh enza imicikilisho yawo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ubude obuphelele beHimalaya bungamakhilomitha angama-2400 ubude futhi buqala empumalanga buye entshonalanga yoMfula i-Indus. Idabula wonke amazwe asenkabeni-mpumalanga ye-Asia futhi iphelela eBrahmaputra. Ububanzi bayo obukhulu ngu-260 km.
Ukuba uhla lwezintaba zalezi zilinganiso, imifula eminingi igeleza ngokugeleza okukhulu ngenxa yamanzi amasha avela ekuncibilikeni kwezinguzunga zeqhwa. Ungajabulela futhi izigodi ezinhle ezimise okwe-U ngenxa yokuguguleka kweqhwa. Lezi zinqubo zangaphandle zokwakheka komhlaba ziyathakazelisa futhi kufanelekile ukuzibona mathupha. Imifula emikhulu egeleza phakathi kwezintaba zeHimalaya yilezi iGanges, i-Indo, i-Yarlung Tsangpo, i-Yellow, i-Mekong, i-Nujiang ne-Brahmaputra. Yonke le mifula inokugeleza okukhulu futhi idume ngamanzi ayo emvelo futhi amsulwa. Banekhono lokulawula isimo sezulu seplanethi futhi bathwale izidalwa eziningi futhi bageleze baye ezindaweni ezizungezile. Lokhu kugeleza kulayishwa ngezinto zemvelo ezinothe kakhulu ngezakhamzimba.
Kwakhiwa kanjani uhla lwezintaba zeHimalaya?
Ukuze lolu hlu lwezintaba lube nobukhulu obunjalo lube khona, inqubo ethile engaphandle yokwakheka komhlaba enobukhulu obukhulu bekufanele ibekhona. Uhla lwezintaba zeHimalaya lwakhiwa ngenxa yokushayisana kwepuleti le-Indic ne-Eurasia. Lezi zingcwecwe ezimbili zezwekazi zashayisana ngamandla amakhulu futhi zathuthukisa zonke izintaba esizibona namuhla. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izintaba ezinkulu emhlabeni wethu, amaHimalaya mancane. Ngithi uma kuqhathaniswa ngoba ngokwesilinganiso somuntu indala kakhulu, kepha masingakhohlwa isikhathi sokuma komhlaba.
Esinye sezizathu ezaziwa njengezikhethi zesimanje kungenxa yokuthi azigqokwa nhlobo. Lapho intaba indala kuyabonakala ukuthi isiqongo siguguleka kakhulu ngemuva kwezinqubo eziqhubekayo zemvula, iqhwa, imvula nomoya. Inqubo eyakhiwe ngayo ayikaqondakali ngokugcwele, kepha ifaniswa ne-Alps ukuzama ukuthola ukuthi ingakanani. Umphakathi wezesayensi ususungule ukuthi, ngenkathi zombili izingqimba zamazwekazi zishayisana, uqweqwe loMhlaba lwakhuphuka kancane kancane eminyakeni eyizigidi.
Ngemuva kwezifundo ze-paleontological kanye ne-geological yendawo kutholakele lokho ukuqala kokwakheka kwalezi zintaba kwaqala eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-55 edlule. Yilapho amapuleti womabili aqala khona ukushayisana. Le nqubo ayikapheleli. Lesi yisizathu esenza kube nokuzamazama komhlaba okuningi kangaka endaweni, njengoba kuye kwabonwa eNepal. Yingakho kuthiwa izintaba zaseHimalaya zisezincane njengoba izintaba zisakhula nanamuhla. Ayikho inqubo yokwakheka komhlaba esheshayo; kulinganiselwa ukuthi izoqeda ukukhula phakathi neminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-60.
Izimbali zaseHimalaya nezilwane
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, le ndawo engokwemvelo igcwele ukwehluka okumangalisayo kwezimbali nezilwane. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo nezinhlobo zamathafa ngokuya ngesimo sezulu esiseduze. Isibonelo, sithola amahlathi asezingeni eliphansi, asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi njengama-alpine landscape. Njengoba sikhuphuka phezulu sithola izindawo lapho kuneqhwa neqhwa kuphela.
I-World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) icwaninge ngokujulile ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi yakha uhlu lapho ikhombisa khona ukuthi zihlala ndawonye Izilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-200, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-10.000 977 nezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-XNUMX. Lokhu kuyingcebo okufanele ilandelwe, ngoba namuhla kunezindawo ezimbalwa ezinokwehluka okunjalo kokubili izimbali nezilwane.
Kuchazwe kafushane nangokuzenzakalela. Kuhle kakhulu. Siyabonga ngokwabelana.
Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngokuphawula kwakho nangokufunda uRicardo!
Ngikufisela okuhle!