Phakathi kwezingqimba zomkhathi esinazo kukhona esisivikela emisebeni yelanga eyingozi. Imayelana nongqimba lwe-ozone. Isendlalelo se-ozone ngesinye esitholakala ku-stratosphere futhi sakhiwa ikakhulu yi-ozone. Inkinga ukuthi kubangela i- ukubhujiswa kongqimba lwe-ozone ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu yezimboni. Ngenxa yezivumelwano ezihlukahlukene, i imbobo edalwe kulolu ungqimba iyancipha. Nokho, usemkhulu umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela ukuthi ukucekelwa phansi kwe-ozone kuyithinta kanjani iplanethi yethu nokuthi yini esingayenza ukuze siyivikele.
Ukubhujiswa kongqimba lwe-ozone
Ingqimba evikelayo etholakala ku-stratosphere. Sisebenza njengesihlungi semisebe yelanga eyi-ultraviolet eyingozi ezintweni eziphilayo. Yize lolu ungqimba lubaluleke kakhulu ekusindeni, thina bantu sisabonakala sizimisele ukuluchitha. Ama-chlorofluorocarbon amakhemikhali aqeda i-ozone ku-stratosphere ngokusabela okuhlukahlukene. Kuyinto igesi eyenziwe nge-fluorine, i-chlorine ne-carbon. Lapho le khemikhali ifinyelela ku-stratosphere, iba nokusabela kwe-photolysis ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ama-molecule aphule futhi adinge ama-athomu e-chlorine. I-klorine iphendula nge-ozone ku-stratosphere, ibangele ukuthi ama-athomu e-oxygen akhe futhi aqhekeze i-ozone.
I-ozone itholakala ku- i-stratosphere futhi iphakathi kwamakhilomitha aphakathi kuka-15 no-30 ukuphakama. Lolu ungqimba lwenziwa ngama-molecule e-ozone, nawo akhiwe ngama-athomu e-oksijini ama-3. Umsebenzi walolu ungqimba ukumunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet B futhi wenze njengesihlungi ukunciphisa ukulimala.
Ukucekelwa phansi koqweqwe lwe-ozone kwenzeka lapho kwenzeka ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okubangela ukubhujiswa kwe-ozone ye-stratospheric. Imisebe yelanga yesigameko ihlungwa ungqimba lwe-ozone, lapho ama-molecule e-ozone angena khona ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet B. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ama-molecule e-ozone ahlehlela phansi abe yi-oxygen ne-nitrogen dioxide. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-photolysis. Kusho ukuthi ama-molecule aphuka ngaphansi kwesenzo sokukhanya.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokubhujiswa okusheshayo kongqimba lwe-ozone ukukhishwa kwama-chlorofluorocarbon. Yize sesivele sishilo ukuthi lesi sigameko ukukhanya kwelanga kuqothula i-ozone, sikwenza ngendlela elinganiselayo nengathathi hlangothi. Okusho ukuthi, inani le-ozone eboliwe yi-photolysis lilingana noma lingaphansi kwenani le-ozone elingakhiwa yinhlangano ye-intermolecular.
Ukubaluleka kokugwema ukubhujiswa kongqimba lwe-ozone
Ungqimba lwe-ozone lunabela kuyo yonke i-stratosphere emhlabeni jikelele. Akukhona ukushuba okufanayo kuzo zonke izindawo zomhlaba, kepha ukugxila kwayo kuyahlukahluka. Imolekyuli ye-ozone yakhiwe ngama-athomu amathathu e-oksijeni futhi itholakala ifomu legesi kokubili e-stratosphere nangaphezulu. Uma sithola i-ozone eshisayo, okungukuthi, ezingeni lomhlaba, kungcolisa futhi kuyingozi empilweni.
Kodwa-ke, i-ozone etholakala ku-stratosphere inayo inhloso yokuzivikela emisebeni yelanga ye-ultraviolet. Le misebe iyingozi esikhunjeni, ezimileni nasezilwaneni zomhlaba. Ukube ungqimba lwe-ozone belungekho, besingeke sikwazi ukuphuma ngaphandle kokuzishisa kanti umdlavuza wesikhumba ubuzokwanda kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Ungqimba lwe-ozone lubangela ukuba imisebe yelanga eningi evela emkhathini ibuyiselwe emuva, ivimbele ukuba ifinyelele phezulu. Ngale ndlela, sivikelekile kule misebe eyingozi.
Uma ungqimba lwe-ozone luba buthaka kangangokuthi ludedela imisebe ye-UVA eyingozi evela elangeni, lungase luthinte kabi amangqamuzana abalulekile ekuphileni, njenge-DNA.
Kubantu, ukuchayeka ngokweqile emisebeni enjalo eqhubekayo kubangela imiphumela emibi yezempilo, njenge ukuvela komdlavuza. Kuhlaza kukhona futhi ukuncipha kwesilinganiso se-photosynthesis, ukukhula okuphansi nokukhiqizwa. Ngaphandle kwe-photosynthesis, izitshalo azikwazi ukuphila noma ukukhiqiza umoya-mpilo, ukumunca i-CO2 kule nqubo.
Ekugcineni, imvelo yasolwandle nayo iyathinteka kuze kufike kumamitha okuqala ama-5 okujula (okuyindawo lapho kunezigameko eziphakeme kakhulu zemisebe yelanga). Kulezi zindawo zolwandle, izinga le-photosynthetic le-phytoplankton liyancipha, okuthile okubalulekile ngoba kuyisisekelo sochungechunge lokudla.
Ungayinakekela kanjani
Ukuze bavikele ungqimba lwe-ozone, ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke kumelwe bathathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwala magesi ayingozi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izitshalo eziningi zingase ziphathwe imisebe yelanga, umdlavuza wesikhumba ungande, futhi kube nezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu zemvelo.
Ezingeni ngalinye, njengezakhamizi, ongakwenza ukuthenga imikhiqizo ye-aerosol engaqukethe noma eyenziwe ngezinhlayiya ezibhubhisa i-ozone. Phakathi kwamagesi abhubhisa kakhulu kule molekyuli kukhona:
- Ama-CFC (ama-chlorofluorocarbons). Ziyingozi kakhulu futhi zikhishwa ngesimo se-aerosol. Banokuphila okude kakhulu emoyeni futhi, ngakho-ke, labo abakhishwe maphakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX basadala umonakalo.
- I-hydrocarbon e-Halogen. Lo mkhiqizo utholakala kwizicisha mlilo. Okuhle kakhulu ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi isicima mlilo esisithengayo asinawo lo gesi.
- I-Methyl bromide. Kungumuthi wokubulala izinambuzane osetshenziswa emasimini ezinkuni. Lapho ikhishelwa emvelweni ibhubhisa i-ozone. Okufanelekile hhayi ukuthenga ifenisha eyenziwe ngalezi zinkuni.
- Musa ukuthenga izifutho eziqukethe ama-CFC.
- Ungazisebenzisi izicishamlilo ze-halon.
- Thenga okokuvikela izinto okungenawo ama-CFC njengokakhokho ohlanganisiwe.
- Uma i- ukugcinwa kahle kwesiphephetha-moya, sizovimbela izinhlayiya ze-CFC ekufinyeleleni ungqimba lwe-ozone.
- Uma ifriji lingapholi njengoba kufanele, ingavuza i-CFC. Okufanayo kuhamba nomoya wemoto.
- Sebenzisa imoto okuncane ngangokunokwenzeka futhi usebenzise izithuthi zomphakathi noma ibhayisikili.
- Thenga amandla okonga amandla.
- Njalo bheka umzila omfushane kakhulu ukuhamba ngemoto uma ingekho enye indlela ngaphandle kokuyithatha. Ngale ndlela sizophinde sibheke ephaketheni.
- Sebenzisa i-air conditioning nokushisa okuncane ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokubhujiswa kongqimba lwe-ozone nokuthi lubaluleke kangakanani.