Njengoba inani labantu landa, nesidingo siyakhula: kudingeka izindlu eziningi, ifenisha eyengeziwe, iphepha eliningi, amanzi amaningi, ukudla okwengeziwe, phakathi kwezinye izinto eziningi. Ukwanelisa, bekukhethwe iminyaka eminingi uku amahlathi amahlathi, elinye lamaphaphu oMhlaba. Amahlathi awagcini nje ngokumunca i-carbon dioxide futhi akhiphe umoya-mpilo emkhathini, njengoba sazi, igesi esiyidingayo ukuze siyiphefumule, ngakho-ke, ukuze siphile, kodwa futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni isimo sezulu kanye nokongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokufudumala komhlaba
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunomthelela ekwenzeni ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kube kubi kakhulu. Kepha, Kanjani? Izifundo ezimbili ezishicilelwe ephephabhukwini lesayensi iScience ziveza lokho ukugawula izihlahla kwandisa ukushisa komhlaba ngaphezu kokukholelwa phambilini. Owokuqala, ovela kwi-Institute for the Environment and Sustainability of the European Commission's Joint Research Center (JRC), uchaza ukuthi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kukuthinta kanjani ukuhamba kwamandla namanzi phakathi komhlaba nomkhathi, njengoba sekuvele kwenzeka ezifundeni ezishisayo
Endabeni yesibili, eyalungiselelwa umcwaningi uKim Naudts weLabhorethri Yezimo Zezulu Nezemvelo e-Pierre Simon Laplace Institute (eFrance) nethimba lakhe, kuboniswa ukuthi nakuba ikhava yezihlahla eYurophu iyanda, iqiniso lokuthi kutshalwa izinhlobo ezithile kuphela. idala umphumela ophikisayo we-cascade. Kusukela ngo-2010, ama-85% amahlathi aseYurophu aphethwe abantu, kodwa laba bantu bathanda kakhulu labo abanenani elikhulu lezohwebo, njengamaphayini nama-beeches. Amahlathi e-Broadleaf ehliswe ngo-436.000 km2 kusukela ngo-1850.
Ukushintshwa kwamahlathi avuthuluka ngamahlathi e-coniferous kuye kwaholela ekushintsheni kwe-evapotranspiration kanye ne-albedo, inani lamandla elanga elibonakala libuyela emkhathini. Lezi zinguquko ziba kubi kakhulu ukufudumala komhlaba. Ngokusho kwababhali, Izinhlaka zesimo sezulu kufanele zibheke ukuphathwa kwenhlabathi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo ukuze ukubikezela kunembe kakhudlwana.
Ukubaluleka kwamahlathi ku-ecosystem
Ngaphandle kwezitshalo umuntu akanalo ithuba, ngakho-ke Kubalulekile ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kugwenywe ukuhlala endaweni ecishe ibe ugwadule. Amahlathi anikeza okungaphezu nje kwezingodo; Ziyindawo ebalulekile yezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, zilawula umjikelezo wamanzi, futhi zisebenza njengendawo yokucwiliswa kwekhabhoni, okusiza ekwehliseni ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Umthelela wokugawulwa kwamahlathi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Ukulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi kungenye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu ezisongela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo emhlabeni wonke. Minyaka yonke, izinkulungwane zezitshalo nezilwane ziphonswa onqenqemeni lokushabalala ngenxa yokulahlekelwa indawo yazo yemvelo. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunciphisa amandla ezinto eziphilayo ukuze zilulame ezinhlekeleleni, okunomthelela emjikelezweni wokuwohloka kwemvelo.
Ngokwesibonelo, e-Afrika Ephakathi, ukulahlekelwa kwezinhlobo ezinjengama-gorilla nezimfene kunciphisa amandla azo okuvuselela ihlathi, njengoba lezi zinhlobo zinengxenye ekutshalweni kwembewu nasekuvuseleleni indawo ephansi yehlathi ngokukhipha indle yazo. Ukulahleka kwalezi zithutha impova ezibalulekile nezihlakazisi zembewu kuba nomthelela omubi ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ezintsha kanye nempilo ye-ecosystem.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi akubangeli nje kuphela ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngokukhulula i-CO2 egciniwe, kodwa futhi ngokunciphisa amandla amahlathi okumunca ikhabhoni eningi. Ngempela, amahlathi asebenza njengamasinki ekhabhoni, agcina inani elikhulu le-CO2 kukho konke ukuphila kwawo. Lapho zigawulwa, ikhabhoni egciniwe idedelwa emkhathini, iqinise umphumela we-greenhouse.
Ukususa amahlathi ashisayo, okungamanye anezinto eziphilayo ezinothe kakhulu emhlabeni, kukhipha okungaphezu kwalokho. amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.600 zamagesi abamba ukushisa, okungaphezu kokuphindwe kane ukukhishwa kwezimboni zomoya nezokuthutha emhlabeni wonke. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana ne-Amazon, kubala inani elikhulu lokukhishwa kwe-CO2 emhlabeni jikelele.
Izenzo zokulwa nokugawulwa kwamahlathi
Ukumisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kungenye yezinyathelo ezisebenza ngempumelelo esingazithatha ukuze silwe nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ukonga imvelo yamahlathi nokubuyisela imvelo eyonakele kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi yekhabhoni emkhathini. Ngezansi amanye amasu okuxazulula le nkinga:
- Ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi: Ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi kuhlanganisa ukutshala izihlahla ezindaweni lapho zigawuliwe khona. Lesi senzo sisiza ukubuyisela izindawo zokuhlala futhi sithwebule ngempumelelo i-CO2.
- Ukuvikelwa kwamahlathi akhona: Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezivikela amahlathi ekugawulweni ngokungemthetho kanye nokwanda kwezolimo.
- Khuthaza izinqubo zezolimo ezisimeme: Thuthukisa amasu anciphisa isidingo sokugawula amahlathi ukuze kwezolimo, njenge-agroforestry.
- Imfundo nokuqwashisa: Fundisa imiphakathi ngokubaluleka kwamahlathi nokuthi ukulondolozwa kwawo kusithinta kanjani isimo sezulu kanye nezinga lempilo.
Izithombe zokugawulwa kwamahlathi nomthelela wako
Kubalulekile ukuthi sonke sazi ukubaluleka kwamahlathi. Ukuqaliswa kwemithetho efana nomthetho we-European Union wango-2022 ovimbela ukungeniswa kwemikhiqizo ehlobene nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyisinyathelo esihle. Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo emiphakathi yendabuko kanye neqhaza layo ekuphathweni kwamahlathi kufanele kubekwe eqhulwini.
Ngokungeziwe esenzweni somthetho, umuntu ngamunye angenza umehluko ngokukhetha imikhiqizo eqinisekisayo kanye nezinhlelo ezisekelayo ezikhuthaza ukusimama. Ukubuyiselwa okusebenzayo kwezinhlelo zemvelo zamahlathi kungahlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo zomdabu kanye nokususwa kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo.
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