Umcwaningi owaziwa ngokuthi u-Hans Christian Oersted waphawula ngo-1819 ukuthi inaliti kazibuthe ingaphambukisa kanjani umphumela womsinga kagesi. Inaliti kazibuthe yayiwukwakheka kukazibuthe omise okwenaliti. Lokhu kuhlolwa bekwaziwa ngokuthi Ukuhlolwa kwe-Oersted futhi waveza ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kukagesi kanye nozibuthe. Kuze kube manje bekuyizinto ezimbili ezihlukene kanjalo namandla adonsela phansi nogesi.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela ukuthi isivivinyo se-Oersted siqukethe ini nokuthi yiziphi izici nokuboniswa kwaso.
Umsuka wesivivinyo se-Oersted
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, ngaleso sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bamanje babungekho ukuze bakwazi ukwenza ucwaningo nezitatimende ngendlela yesayensi. Ukuhlolwa kuka-Oersted Uveze ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kukagesi nozibuthe. Imithetho echaza ngokwezibalo ukuhlangana kukazibuthe nogesi yathuthukiswa ngu-André Marie Ampère owayephethe ukutadisha amandla ayekhona phakathi kwezintambo ezazisakazwa yimisinga kagesi.
Konke kuqhamuke ngenxa yesifaniso esikhona phakathi kukazibuthe nogesi. Yilesi sifaniso esidale ukuthi kuseshwe ebudlelwaneni obukhona phakathi kwabo futhi obungachaza izici ezifanayo. Imizamo yokuqala yokuphenya ngobudlelwano obukhona phakathi kwezindleko zikagesi zikazibuthe ayizange inikeze imiphumela eminingi. Abakwenzile bakhombisa ukuthi ngokubeka izinto ezazikhokhiswa ngogesi eduze kwamazibuthe, kwenziwa ibutho elilodwa phakathi kwabo. Lo mbuso ungowokuheha umhlaba wonke njengalowo okhona phakathi kwanoma iyiphi into ekhokhiswe ugesi nento engathathi hlangothi. Kulokhu, into uzibuthe.
Uzibuthe nento efakwe ngogesi iyaheha kepha ayikwazi ukuqondiswa. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwawo. Uma kunjalo, uma bezokuqondisa. U-Oersted uqale wenza ucwaningo olukhombise usizo lobudlelwano phakathi kukagesi namandla kazibuthe. Kakade unyaka U-1813 wayebikezele ukuthi kungaba nobudlelwano phakathi kwalaba bobabili kodwa kwaba ngonyaka we-1820 lapho ekuqinisekisa.
Kwenzeka ngesikhathi elungiselela ikilasi lakhe le-physics eNyuvesi yaseCopenhagen. Kuleli kilasi wakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi, uma ehambisa ikhampasi eduze kwekhebula elithwala amandla kagesi, inaliti yekhampasi yayivame ukuziqondisa ukuze iqondane nendawo yentambo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kokuhlola kuka-Oersted neminye imizamo yangaphambilini eveze imiphumela engemihle ukuthi kukhoyili kanye nokuhlola kwamanje, amashaji asebenzisana nomazibuthe ayaqhubeka. Khumbula ukuthi leli qiniso likwazile ukwazi umphumela wokuhlolwa kuka-Oersted njengoba kwashiwo lokho wonke amandla kagesi akwazi ukwenza amandla kazibuthe. U-Ampere wayengusosayensi owasebenzisa umqondo wobudlelwane phakathi kukagesi nozibuthe ukuze alindele incazelo yakho konke lokhu. Ngenxa yesinqumo sakhe, wakwazi ukusungula incazelo eyanikeza isixazululo ekuziphatheni kwamagnetism emvelo futhi wakwazi ukwenza ngokusemthethweni zonke intuthuko ngokwezibalo.
Iminikelo yokuhlolwa kwe-Oersted
Ukutholakala kokuthi wonke amandla kagesi akwazi ukukhiqiza insimu kazibuthe kungavula izindlela eziningi zokucwaninga kumagnetism kanye nobudlelwano bayo nogesi. Phakathi kwazo zonke lezi zindlela ezivulekile, kwenzeka intuthuko ethela izithelo, esakhula yaba amaphuzu alandelayo:
- I- ukuzimisela okulinganayo kwamandla kazibuthe akhiqizwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaza kagesi. Leli phuzu liphendulwe ngenxa yesidingo sokukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe wokuqina nokuhlelwa kwemigqa yabo ebilawulekayo. Ngale ndlela, kuye kwenzeka ukusingatha izinzuzo zamagnet zemvelo futhi kwenzeke ukudala amanye odonsa bokufakelwa ngokusebenza kahle.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla akhona phakathi kwemisinga kagesi nozibuthe. Ngenxa yolwazi lwalesi simo, kungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziselwe ukwakhiwa kwama-motors kagesi, izinsimbi ezahlukahlukene ezisetshenziselwa ukukala ukuqina kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zamanje nezinye. Isibonelo, ibhalansi kagesi isetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi namuhla. Ibhalansi kagesi yakhiwe ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamandla akhona phakathi kwemisinga kagesi nozibuthe.
- Incazelo yemagnetism yemvelo. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa kwe-Oersted, kuye kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthi kusekelwe ulwazi oluqoqwe ngalesi sikhathi esakhiweni sangaphakathi sendaba. Iqiniso lokuthi noma yimuphi wamanje uyakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe aseduze nakho kuye kwagqanyiswa. Ukusuka lapha zonke izindlela zokuziphatha zaziwa ukuthi ziyakwazi ukusizakala.
- Umphumela wokuphindaphinda ongakhonjiswa esivivinyweni sika-Oersted usebenzele i- ukuthola izimboni kwamandla kagesi nokusetshenziswa kwawo ngobuningi babantu. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kusekelwe ekutholeni amandla kagesi avela kumandla kazibuthe.
Imicabango yokugcina
Sizokwenza ukucabanga okuncane ngokuhlolwa kwe-Oersted nokuthi yini ukunikela kwayo emhlabeni wesayensi. Siyazi ukuthi lolu cingo lwakhiwe ngamacala amahle nalawo angekho emthethweni. Yomibili le misebenzi ilinganisiwe komunye nomunye ukuze inani eliphelele linguziro; sibona ngeso lengqondo ikhebula elakhiwe imigqa emibili emide ehambisanayo. Uma sihambisa ikhebula lilonke, futhi yomibili imigqa iqhubekela phambili, akukho okwenzekayo. Nokho, uma kudlula amandla kagesi, ulayini uyathuthuka futhi kukhiqizwa insimu echezukisa inaliti kazibuthe.
Kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi okukhiqiza insimu akukona ukunyakaza kwamacala, kodwa ukunyakaza okuhlobene kwamacala esibonakaliso esisodwa maqondana nomunye. Incazelo yokuthi kungani inaliti ihamba ukuthi i-current in the wire ikhiqiza insimu kazibuthe imigqa yayo ingena komunye umkhawulo bese iphuma kwenye. Yile ndlela inaliti ehamba ngayo ilandela insimu kazibuthe.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-Oersted neminikelo yako emhlabeni wesayensi.