Njengabantu nezilwane, Izitshalo nazo zibhekene nenselelo yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Njengoba isimo sezulu sishisa futhi soma kakhulu, izitshalo zifuna izindlela zokuzivumelanisa nalezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu. A ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku Global Change Biology yiqembu laseNyuvesi yaseLiverpool kanye neNyuvesi yaseSyracuse e-United States, lembula ukuthi izitshalo ziyishintsha kanjani i-DNA yazo ukuze iphile endaweni eshintshayo.
Eminyakeni engu-15 edlule, abacwaningi baye bahlola ukuthi uhla lwezinhlobo zezitshalo endaweni enotshani eduze kwaseBuxton, e-UK, lusabela kanjani ezimweni zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, njenge isomiso esinamandla y imvula enkulu. Imiphumela yayimangaza: lezi zimo ezishintshayo zenze izinguquko zofuzo ezitshalweni, into eyaziwa ososayensi "ukuhlenga kwemvelo".
UDkt Raj Whitlock, uProfesa Wezemvelo eNyuvesi yaseLiverpool's Institute of Integrative Biology, ugcizelele iqiniso lokuthi izitshalo zingakhombisa izinguquko ezifundweni zazo. ukuhlukahluka kofuzo Esikhathini esifushane kangaka, lokhu kutholakala okumangazayo, njengoba kucatshangwa ukuthi izitshalo ngokuvamile zidinga isikhathi eside ukuze zivumelane nokuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kungachaza ikhono lezinhlobo ezihloliwe ukuze ziphumelele ezimweni zemvelo ezinzima. Kulo mongo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izitshalo zivumelana kanjani nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ucwaningo lwenziwa endaweni Ilabhorethri Yemithelela Yokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu yase-Buxton (BCCIL), lapho isimo sezulu siye sashintshwa ngokuhlolwa kusukela ngo-1993 ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi izitshalo zisabela kanjani kulezi zinguquko.
Naphezu kwemiphumela ethakazelisayo, Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuseyinselele enkulu ngezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo emhlabeni. Bonke kumelwe bazivumelanise nesimo sezulu esishintsha njalo. Izitshalo, njengoba zibhekene namazinga okushisa akhuphukayo, usawoti omningi, isomiso esithatha isikhathi eside, nokunye ukucindezeleka, zisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuqinisekisa ukuphila kwazo, iqiniso elingabonakala nasezindaweni eziphilayo zaseMedithera, ezisengozini kakhulu.
Izindlela izitshalo ezizisebenzisayo ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zihlanganisa ukuguqulwa ekukhuleni kwazo kanye nemetabolism, ukulawulwa kwe stomata, izimbotshana ezivumela ukushintshaniswa kwamagesi namanzi, kanye nezinguquko ekukhulumeni kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlanganisa amaprotheni avikelayo kanye ne-antioxidant. Ngayinye yalezi zindlela inomphumela othize emisebenzini ebalulekile yezitshalo futhi ibalulekile ukuze ziphile ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi.
Muva nje, okulandelayo kukhonjwe: I-Cycling DOF Factors (CDFs), iqembu lezinto ezibalulekile zokuloba ezilawula izimpendulo zezitshalo ezimweni zengcindezi ye-abiotic. Lezi zici zishintsha izici ezibalulekile ezifana nesikhathi sokuqhakaza nokukhula kwezimpande, kanye nokubekezelela izinhlobo ezahlukene zokucindezeleka kwemvelo. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luphakamisa ukuthi imisebenzi yama-CDF ilondolozwe kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, okuhlanganisa nezitshalo ezithakaselwayo kwezolimo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuqonda ukujwayela izitshalo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.
Ukujwayela Ukucindezeleka Kwezemvelo
Izitshalo zingaphansi kochungechunge lwezingcindezi zemvelo eziye zanda imvamisa namandla ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. I isomiso, isibonelo, ingenye yezinto ezithinta kakhulu ukukhula kwezitshalo. Uma izimo zesomiso zinzima, izitshalo kufanele zivale i-stomata ukuze zinciphise ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi, okubuye kube nomkhawulo amandla azo e-photosynthesize.
Ukuvalwa kwesisu, nokho, kungaba yingozi uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luhlonze indlela yamangqamuzana elawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwe-stomata, okusiza izitshalo zilinganisele ukuphefumula nokongiwa kwamanzi. Lolu hlelo lokubonisa izimpawu lubalulekile ezitshalweni ezibhekene nezimo ezimbi kakhulu futhi lizivumela ukuba zisabele ngokushesha nangempumelelo izinguquko endaweni yazo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi izitshalo ziphila kanjani ezimweni ezinzima, ungabheka isihloko sethu ukusinda kwezitshalo ogwadule.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho izitshalo ziba nengcindezi, inkumbulo ye-epigenetic ibavumela ukuthi bakhumbule lezi zimo futhi basabele ngempumelelo esikhathini esizayo. Le nkumbulo ingadluliselwa enzalweni, okwandisa ithuba lokusinda endaweni eshintshayo. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi izihlahla zingakhumbula ukushisa okudlule noma iziqephu zesomiso, okuthonya amandla azo okubhekana nezikhathi ezintsha zokucindezeleka.
Izitshalo zisebenzisa eziningana izindlela ze-biochemical nezokuphila ukugcina ukukhula kwabo nokuvikela ubuqotho bamaselula ezimeni ezingezinhle. Lezi zindlela zivame ukuhlelwa isethi ebanzi yezakhi zofuzo zokuphendula ingcindezi kanye namanethiwekhi ayinkimbinkimbi wezinto ezilotshiweyo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukugxila kwamahomoni ezitshalo, njenge-abscisic acid ne-salicylic acid, kubalulekile ekulawuleni lezi zimpendulo eziguquguqukayo, okuvumela izitshalo ukuba ziphendule ngesikhathi sangempela ekushintsheni kwemvelo okuzithintayo.
Ukuqonda ukuthi izitshalo zijwayelana kanjani nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubalulekile futhi ukuze kuthuthukiswe amasu okuqinisekisa ukuphila kwazo isikhathi eside nokwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo. Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezintsha kufanele zikwazi ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvikeleka kokudla esikhathini esizayo, njengoba kuxoxiwe esihlokweni esithi. Ukulondolozwa kwezolimo njengendlela yokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Nokho, ukujwayela kwezitshalo akwenzeki zodwa. Yena ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu Kuthinta imvelo iyonke, okubuye kube nomthelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo nokuqina. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela umthelela ohlangene wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nemisebenzi yabantu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nasemandleni ezitshalo okuzivumelanisa nalezi zinselele ezintsha.
Izitshalo zinekhono elimangalisayo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo, kodwa izinguquko ezisheshayo zesimo sezulu nezinye izici ziwusongo oluqhubekayo. Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokucwaninga nokuqonda ukuthi izitshalo zisabela kanjani kulezi zinguquko, nokuthi singazisiza kanjani zijwayelane, hhayi nje ukuze ziphile kodwa futhi nenhlalakahle yeplanethi yethu.
