Siyazi ukuthi kuso sonke isikhathi se-geological esidlulile emhlabeni wethu kube nokuqothulwa okuningi. Namuhla sizokhuluma nge Ukuqothulwa kwePermian. Lesi ngesinye sezehlakalo ezinhlanu eziyinhlekelele iplanethi yethu eye yahlangabezana nayo kuwo wonke umlando wayo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana neminye imicimbi efanayo, ungavakashela ikhasi lethu mayelana ukushabalala okukhulu.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana kukho konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuqothulwa kwePermian nokuthi yaba yini imiphumela yayo.
Ukuqothulwa kwePermian
Yize iningi labantu likholelwa ukuthi ukuqothulwa kwama-dinosaurs kwakukubi kakhulu, akunjalo. Kunezifundo eziningi ezenziwe ngemininingwane eqoqwe ngochwepheshe kule ndawo, futhi baqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqothulwa kwesisindo kwakusePermian ngasekupheleni naseTriassic yokuqala. Isizathu sokuthi sithathwa njengesinye esibucayi kakhulu kungenxa yokuthi cishe zonke izinhlobo zokuphila emhlabeni zinyamalale.
Kulokhu kuqothulwa ngaphezu kwama-90% azo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni kwasulwa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iplanethi yethu yayiphila ngaleso sikhathi. Iqiniso lokuthi inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezilwane lalikhona nokuthi ukuphila kwakuthuthuka liye lazuzwa ngenxa yocwaningo lwezinsalela. Ngenxa yokushabalala kwePermian, iplanethi enguMhlaba yasala incithakalo. Izimo ezingezinhle ezavela emhlabeni zazisho ukuthi izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezazingasinda. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne- Izilwane zasePermian esihlokweni sethu esiqondile.
Lokhu kushabalala kwaba yindawo yokuqala ukuzalwa kabusha kwezinye izinhlobo ezazilawula iminyaka elandelayo yomhlaba futhi kwakungamadinosaurs aziwayo. Lokho wukuthi, ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwePermian, sinama-dinosaurs.
Izimbangela zokuqothulwa kwePermian
Ukuqothulwa okwenzekile ngasekupheleni kwePermian nasekuqaleni kukaTriassic kube yindaba yokufunda ngososayensi abaningi iminyaka eminingi. Izifundo eziningi zinikele ngemizamo yazo yokuthola imbangela eqale lolu hlobo lokucekela phansi. Ngokulandela okwenzeke kudala akukho bufakazi obuthize obutholakele obufakazela imbangela yalesi sehlakalo esiyinhlekelele. Singaba nemibono kuphela esekelwa kancane kancane ucwaningo olujulile nolwengqondo lwezinsalela ezitholakele.
Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani ukushabalala kwePermian kukholakala ukuthi kwenzeke kwakungenxa yomsebenzi omkhulu wentaba-mlilo. Njengoba lezi zintaba-mlilo zazishisa izikhotha, zakhiphela inqwaba yamagesi anobuthi emkhathini. La magesi abangela ushintsho olukhulu ekwakhekeni komkhathi okwenza kube nzima ngezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ukuphila. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nomthelela wezintaba-mlilo, ungabheka isihloko sethu izintaba-mlilo e-Antarctica.
Umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo yayishubile ikakhulukazi kwenye yezindawo zesifunda saseSiberia. Le ndawo inothe ngamatshe entaba-mlilo namuhla. Phakathi nenkathi yePermian, yonke le ndawo yaba nokuqhuma okulandelanayo okwathatha iminyaka eyisigidi. Kufanele ucabange nje intaba-mlilo isebenza iminyaka eyisigidi ukuze uqonde ukuthi umkhathi ungashintsha ukwakheka kwawo futhi ube nobuthi.
Konke ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo akugcinanga ngokukhipha inani lodaka, kodwa futhi namagesi. Amagesi lapho sithola khona isikhutha. Yonke le micimbi yayanele ukubanga ushintsho olukhulu lwesimo sezulu, olwandise amazinga okushisa omhlaba emhlabeni.
Ubuso bomhlaba kwakungebona bodwa obathintwa ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Amanzi amaningi nawo abe nomonakalo omkhulu ngenxa yokungcola okukhulu okubangelwa amazinga ezakhi ezithile ezinobuthi ezikhishwa izintaba-mlilo. Phakathi kwalezi zakhi ezinobuthi sithola i-mercury, nayo eyisihloko esihlobene nocwaningo ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Umthelela wemeteorite
Enye ithiyori esungulwe ukuchaza ukushabalala kwePermian yileyo yomthelela we-meteorite. Ukuwa kwe-meteorite mhlawumbe kuyimbangela evame ukucashunwa yibo bonke ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha. Kunobufakazi bebhayoloji bokuthi kwaba umphumela wokushayisana kwe-meteorite enkulu eyaphahlazeka ebusweni boMhlaba. Uma le meteorite enkulu ishayisana nomhlabathi, yabangela isiphithiphithi nokubhujiswa okusabalele. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngama-asteroids, vakashela isihloko sethu ku ama-asteroid angaba yingozi.
Ezwekazini lase-Antarctica, i-crater enkulu cishe cishe ngamakhilomitha-skwele angama-500 ububanzi. Okusho ukuthi, uma i-asteroid ishiya umgodi wobukhulu obungaka, kungenzeka ukuthi ilinganise okungenani amakhilomitha angama-50 ububanzi. Ngale ndlela, siyabona ukuthi umthelela omkhulu wemeteorite ungaba imbangela yokunyamalala kwezinto eziningi eziphilayo emhlabeni.
Ososayensi abafanayo abacwaninga ngezimbangela zokushabalala kwePermian yibo abathi futhi basho ukuthi umthelela wale asteroid ukhiphe i-fireball enkulu. Lo mlilo omkhulukazi wakhiqiza imimoya enesivinini esicishe sibe amakhilomitha ayizi-7000 XNUMX ngehora. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukucupha ukunyakaza kwe-telluric okwafinyelela yeqa izikali zokulinganisa ezaziwayo njengamanje. Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi ukushayisana kohlobo lwe-meteorite olufana nalokhu esikushoyo bekungenza ukukhululwa kwamandla angaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-megatons. Ngakho-ke, umthelela we-meteorite emhlabeni wethu wawungenye yezimbangela ezamukelekayo zokuqothulwa kwenqwaba yePermian.
Ukukhishwa kweMethane hydrate
Esinye isizathu esenza ukuthi ukuqothuka kwePermian kukholakala ukuthi kuqalile kungenxa yokukhishwa kwama-methane hydrate. Siyazi ukuthi amadiphozi amakhulu e-methane hydrate aqinile angatholakala olwandle. Njengoba izinga lokushisa kweplanethi landa, nokushisa kwezilwandle kwanda. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo noma ukushayisana kwe-asteroid, kwabangela izinga lokushisa elivamile lomhlaba wonke ukuba lenyuke. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kwanda kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi kwasho ukuthi i-methane hydrates incibilika. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi kukhishelwe igesi ye-methane eningi emkhathini.
Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi i-methane ingugesi obamba ukushisa onamandla amakhulu okukhuphula izinga lokushisa, ngoba unamandla amakhulu okugcina ukushisa. Kukhona ukukhuluma ngokunyuka cishe kwamadigri ayi-10 ngokwesilinganiso emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngembangela yokuqothulwa kwePermian nokubaluleka kwayo.