Esinye sezici eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswe ku-physics nakumakhemikhali ukushisa okuthile. Ngokuqondile, i- ukushisa okuqondile kwamanzi kuyadingeka kakhulu cishe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlola. Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukwazi ukuthi yini ukushisa okuthile futhi wazi ukubaluleka kokwazi leli nani emanzini.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokushisa kwamanzi okuthile nokubaluleka kwawo.
Kuyini ukushisa okuqondile
Ukuze into ethile yandise izinga lokushisa layo, inani elithile lamandla liyadingeka. Leli nani lamandla kumele linikezwe ngendlela yokushisa. Yilokhu okwaziwa ngokuthi ukushisa okuthile. Elinye igama elaziwa ngalo amandla athile okushisa. Yilokhu kubaluleka okuchaza ukuthi kungani isipuni sokhuni singashisa kancane futhi ngokuqhubekayo kunesipuni sensimbi. Iphinde ichaze ukuthi kungani sisebenzisa izinto ezithile zokwakha amanye amathuluzi nezitsha ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwazo.
Ngalokhu sichaza ku-physics njengokushisa okuthile inani lamandla okumele adluliselwe kuyunithi lezinto ukukhuphula izinga lokushisa kwalo ngezinga elilodwa. Ukushisa okuqondile kwamanzi cishe kusetshenziswa njalo njengesibonelo. Okusho ukuthi, inani lamandla adingekayo ukushisisa amanzi ngedigri eyodwa. Siyazi ukuthi uma i-4182 joules yamandla idluliselwa kukhilogremu eyodwa yamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa, lelo nani lamanzi lizokhuphuka ekushiseni ngedigri eyodwa. Ngale ndlela singathola inani lokuthi ukushisa okuqondile kwamanzi okulingana nama-joules angu-4182 ngekhilogremu kanye nezinga.
Amayunithi wokushisa kwamanzi athile
Siyazi ukuthi ukushisa okuqondile kwamanzi kungabonakaliswa ngamayunithi ahlukene. Ngokuvamile Amayunithi wamandla, isisindo kanye nokushisa kufanele kuboniswe ukukhombisa ngokuphelele. Ohlelweni lwamazwe ngamazwe lwamayunithi sinejoule ngekhilogremu okuyisisindo kanye ne-kelvin okuyizinga lokushisa. Kwezinye izinto, leli nani lihlukile njengoba ukushisa okukhethekile kwamanzi kusetshenziswa njengesisekelo noma ireferensi yawo wonke amanye amanani. Isibonelo, ukushisa okuqondile kwensimbi yi-502 joules ngekhilogremu ngayinye ne-kelvin. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuze ikhilogremu elilodwa lensimbi likhulise izinga lokushisa nge-kelvin eyodwa, kuzodingeka amajoule angu-502 wamandla.
Enye indlela yokuveza ukushisa kwamanzi noma enye into ikwezinye izingxenye. Isibonelo, ungasetha amakhalori ngegramu ngayinye kanye nama-degree Celsius. Siphinda isibonelo sensimbi. Kulokhu, ukushisa okuthile kuzoba amakholori ayi-0.12 ngegremu ngalinye nama-degree Celsius. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amakholori angu-0.12 wamandla ayadingeka ngendlela yokushisa ukuze akhuphule izinga lokushisa ngezinga elilodwa legramu lensimbi.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ngaphambi kokungena ngokugcwele ekushiseni okuqondile kwamanzi, kubalulekile ukwazi kahle ukuthi ziyini izici zayo. Kuyindlela ye- impahla ebonakalayo engancikile ebuningini bento leyo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki inani lezinto esinazo, inani elifanayo lamandla liyadingeka ukwandisa izinga lokushisa layo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukushisa okuqondile kungahluka emazingeni okushisa ahlukene. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani lamandla esizowadinga ukuze siwadlulise ukuze sikhulise izinga lokushisa ngedigri eyodwa alifani nenani lamandla okumelwe lidluliselwe ekamelweni lokushisa lama-degree angu-100 noma ku-0 degrees. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu salokhu ukuncika kwezinga lokushisa lokushisa okuthile kwamanzi. Siyabona ukuthi emazingeni okushisa ahlukene ukushisa okuqondile kwamanzi kuyahlukahluka.
Singasho ukuthi yimpahla izinto ezinayo nokuthi kuhlobene nenani lamandla elithathayo ukwandisa izinga lokushisa. Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu amanzi anakho ukuthi anokushisa okuphezulu okuphezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokushisa lamanzi badinga ukuthola ubushushu obuningi ngeyunithi ngayinye.
Ukushisa okuqondile kwamanzi kwehlukile kuye ngokuthi ivolumu igcinwa ingaguquguquki noma ingcindezi igcinwa ingaguquguquki. Lokhu kuguquka kubuye kusethe amanye amanani ngokuya ngalezi zimo. Uma sikhuluma ngevolumu yento sibhekisa ku- ukushisa okuqondile kwe-isochoric. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma sibhekisa kwingcindezi engapheli sikhomba lokho ukushisa okuqondile kwe-isobaric. Uma sizijwayeza ukuzijwayeza, lo mehluko wenziwa ikakhulu lapho kusebenza amagesi hhayi oketshezi.
Ukubaluleka kokushisa okuqondile kwamanzi
Siyazi ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile ikhilogremu lamanzi lidinga i-1 kilocalorie ukuze izinga lokushisa likhuphuke ngo-1 ºC, okusho ukuthi, 1 kcal / ° C • kg, elingana no-4184 J / (K • kg) ohlelweni lwamazwe omhlaba. Siyazi ukuthi lokhu kushisa okukhethekile kuphakeme kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi enye into ejwayelekile. Uma sibeka umcengezi ngamanzi elangeni lonke ehlobo, ungashiswa futhi ufudumale. Noma kunjalo, Ngeke ikhuphule izinga lokushisa ngokwanele ukubilisa noma ukupheka amaqanda kuyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma sibeka insimbi, kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukuyithatha ngoba izinga layo lokushisa lizobe liphakeme kakhulu ukuthi lizoshisa.
Ukushisa okuqondile kwamanzi kubangelwa izibopho ze-hydrogen ezakha ama-molecule amanzi. Lolu uhlobo lokusebenzelana phakathi kwama-molecule anamandla kangangokuthi adinga amandla amaningi ukuze awenze adlidlize futhi andise izinga lokushisa lawo. Amabhondi e-hydrogen anamandla kakhulu futhi amandla ayadingeka ukuze anyakaze. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina amanzi abilayo kudinga ukunikezwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo.
Ukubaluleka kwayo kubonakala nakwi-meteorology. Iqiniso lokuthi amanzi analesi simo sokushisa esiphezulu sonyaka akulona iqiniso elithakazelisayo, kodwa a impahla ebalulekile esiza ukulawula isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu jikelele. Ngokuba nalokhu kushisa okuphezulu okuphezulu, siyazi ukuthi imizimba emikhulu yamanzi ibhekele ukulawula ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa emhlabeni wonke. Uma kungenjalo, isimo sezulu cishe besingeke sibe nezici ezifana nalezi esizaziyo namuhla.