Yini i-heatwave?

Ngesikhathi sasehlobo amazinga okushisa ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba aphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu yinto sonke esiyicabangile, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ukushisa kungadlulela futhi ihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa, amasonto ngisho nezinyanga.

Lo mkhuba waziwa ngokuthi ukushisa, futhi kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu empilweni nasempilweni.

Yini i-heatwave?

Igagasi lokushisa yi- isiqephu samazinga okushisa aphakeme ngokungajwayelekile ahlala izinsuku noma amasonto amaningana futhi athinta nengxenye ebalulekile yezwe. Zingaki izinsuku noma amasonto? Iqiniso ukuthi ayikho incazelo "esemthethweni", ngakho-ke kunzima ukucacisa ukuthi mangaki.

ESpain kuthiwa kungukushisa lapho kubhalwa amazinga okushisa aphakeme ngokweqile (kuthatha isikhathi sika-1971-2000 njengesethenjwa) okungenani ku-10% weziteshi zezulu okungenani izinsuku ezintathu. Kepha empeleni lo mkhawulo ungahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngezwe, ngokwesibonelo:

• En los I-Netherlands Igagasi lokushisa licatshangelwa lapho amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-5 recordedC aqoshwa okungenani izinsuku ezi-25 eDe Bilt, okuwumasipala wesifundazwe sase-Utrecht (Holland).
• En los United States: uma amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-32,2ºC arekhodwa izinsuku ezi-3 noma ngaphezulu.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Amagagasi Okushisa: Isimanga Esikhulayo Ngenxa Yokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu

Lapho kwenzeka?

Isikhathi esiningi zenzeka esikhathini se-canicular, okuvame ukwenzeka ehlobo. I- UCicanula Isikhathi esishisa kakhulu sonyaka, futhi senzeka phakathi kukaJulayi 15 no-Agasti 15. Kungani kuthiwa yizinsuku ezishisa kakhulu?

Sijwayele ukucabanga ukuthi usuku lokuqala lwehlobo (ngoJuni 21 eNyakatho Nenkabazwe noDisemba 21 eSouthern Hemisphere) usuku olushisa kakhulu, kepha lokhu akuhlali kunjalo. Iplanethi enguMhlaba, njengoba sazi, iyazizulela yodwa, kodwa futhi itsheka kancane. Usuku lwe I-Summer Solstice, imisebe yelanga ifinyelela kithi ngqo, kodwa njengoba amanzi nomhlaba kusanda kuqala ukumunca ukushisa, izinga lokushisa lihlala lizinzile kancane.

Noma kunjalo, uku Njengoba ihlobo liqhubeka namanzi olwandle, okuvuselele umkhathi kuze kube manje, futhi umhlabathi uzobe usufudumele ngokwanele ukuqala isikhathi esishisayo kakhulu, okungaba namandla noma kancane kuye ngendawo esihlala kuyo. Isibonelo, esimweni sezulu saseMedithera, phakathi nezinsuku zezinja, igagasi lokushisa elishisayo lingenzeka. Lesi simo siye saphenywa futhi sabhalwa ezifundweni eziningana mayelana ne ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Umthelela Wamagagasi Okushisa eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia: Ukuhlaziywa Okuningiliziwe

Yimiphi imiphumela igagasi lokushisa elingaba nalo?

Yize kuyizinto zemvelo futhi asinakho okunye esingakwenza ngaphandle kokuzama ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngangokunokwenzeka, uma singathathi izinyathelo ezidingekayo singathola imiphumela yabo, engeyona embalwa.

Imililo yehlathi

Lapho kuba namandla okushisa ngesikhathi sesomiso, amahlathi asengozini enkulu yokubamba umlilo. Ngo-2003, EPortugal kuphela, umlilo ubhubhise ngaphezu kwe-3.010 km2 yehlathi. Lezi zinhlobo zezigameko ziyethusa, uma kubhekwa ukuthi amagagasi okushisa kungaba nomthelela ekwandiseni imvamisa nokuqina kwemililo.

Ukufa

Izingane, asebekhulile nalabo abagulayo yibona abasengozini enkulu yokushisa. Ukuqhubeka nesibonelo sango-2003, kushone abangaphezu kuka-1000 phakathi nesonto, futhi abangaphezu kuka-10.000 XNUMX eFrance. Lokhu kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokuvimbela lapho kubhekene lezi ziqephu ezimbi kakhulu.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Imithelela yamagagasi okushisa kwezolimo, imfuyo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo

Ezempilo

Lapho kushisa kakhulu, imizwa yethu ingashintsha kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma singakujwayele. Kepha uma kushisa ngokweqile, uma kungathathwa izinyathelo ezifanele singahlaselwa isifo sohlangothi noma i-hyperthermia. Ikakhulukazi abancane nasebekhulile, kanye nabagulayo nabakhuluphele ngokweqile, yibo abantu abasengozini enkulu kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwe-heatstroke ne-heatstroke ukuvimbela lezi zigameko.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla

Ngesikhathi esishisa kakhulu isibalo samandla kagesi esisetshenziswayo, hhayi ize, sidinga ukuphola futhi ngenxa yalokhu sixhuma abalandeli kanye / noma sivule umoya opholisayo. Kepha lokhu kungaba yinkinga, njengoba ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwamandla, okuwukukhathazeka okukhulayo ezifundeni lapho amagagasi okushisa evame khona, njengalapho kwenzeka khona España, lapho kuye kwabikwa khona izinkinga ezihlobene.

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-Australian Heatwave kanye Nokufa Kwelulwane: Ucingo Lwezimo Eziphuthumayo

Amagagasi okushisa abaluleke kakhulu

Ukushisa okushisa eYurophu, ngo-2003

IChile, i-2017

Phakathi kukaJanuwari 25 no-27, iChile yabhekana nelinye lamaza alo okushisa amabi kakhulu emlandweni. Emadolobheni aseQuillón naseCauquenes, amanani ayesondele kakhulu ku-45ºC, ukubhalisa u-44,9ºC kanye no-44,5ºC ngokulandelana. Lesi senzakalo saholela ekucabangeni ngezimo zezulu zalowo nyaka kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwazo nezinye. amagagasi okushisa adlule.

I-India, 2015

Ngenyanga kaMeyi, ngesikhathi sokuqala kwenkathi eyomile eNdiya kwakukhona amazinga okushisa adlulele angaphezu kuka-47ºC, okwaholela ekufeni kuka abantu abangaphezu kuka-2.100 XNUMX kuze kube umhla zingama-31 enyangeni. Lesi senzakalo sigcizelela ukukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana namagagasi okushisa kumongo we ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

IYurophu, 2003

I-wave wave ka-2003 yayingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu baseYurophu. Amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu aqoshwa eningizimu yeYurophu, ngamanani afana no-47,8ºC eDenia (Alicante, Spain), noma 39,8ºC eParis (France).

Ushonile Abantu abangu-14.802 phakathi kuka-Agasti 1 no-15, isibalo esibonisa ubucayi bomcimbi.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Amagagasi Okushisa eSpain: Isenzakalo Esikhulayo Nemiphumela Yaso

ISpain, 1994

Ngesonto lokugcina likaJuni nangesonto lokuqala likaJulayi, amazinga okushisa eSpain, ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseMedithera, ayephezulu kakhulu, njengalawo aseMurcia (47,2ºC), Alicante (41,4ºC), Huelva (41,4ºC), noma ePalma (Mallorca) 39,4ºC. Lesi senzakalo sikhunjulwa abantu abaningi abahlangabezane nalawo mazinga okushisa aphezulu.

Amathiphu wokubhekana nazo ngangokunokwenzeka

Uma kunogagasi lokushisa, kufanele wenze noma yini edingekayo ukuze ubhekane nakho. Nawa amathiphu ambalwa angakusiza:

• Hlala u-hydrate: Ungalindi uze womele amanzi ngaphambi kokuphuza. Ngokushisa okweqile, uketshezi lulahleka ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi umzimba uhlale unamanzi.
• Yidla ukudla okusha: Ngokuthanda kwakho izitsha ezishisayo, ehlobo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngesikhathi sokushisa, kugweme ukuzidla.
• Gqoka isikhumba selangaNoma ngabe uya olwandle noma uhamba ibanga, isikhumba somuntu siyazwela kakhulu futhi singasha kalula elangeni.
• Gwema ukuphuma emini: Ngaleso sikhathi imisebe ifika iqonde kakhulu, ngakho-ke iba nomthelela omkhulu emhlabathini futhi, nasemzimbeni.
• Zivikele elangeniGqoka izingubo ezinombala okhanyayo (umbala okhanyayo ukhanyisa ukukhanya kwelanga), gqoka izibuko zelanga, futhi uhlale emthunzini ukuze ugweme izinkinga.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Igagasi lokushisa elephula amarekhodi eSpain: izifundazwe ezithintekile nalapho liphela

Amagagasi okushisa yizinto ezingenzeka minyaka yonke. Kubalulekile ukuhlala uvikelekile.