Ngesikhathi sasehlobo amazinga okushisa ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba aphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu yinto sonke esiyicabangile, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ukushisa kungadlulela futhi ihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa, amasonto ngisho nezinyanga.
Lo mkhuba waziwa ngokuthi ukushisa, futhi kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu empilweni nasempilweni.
Yini i-heatwave?
Igagasi lokushisa yi- isiqephu samazinga okushisa aphakeme ngokungajwayelekile ahlala izinsuku noma amasonto amaningana futhi athinta nengxenye ebalulekile yezwe. Zingaki izinsuku noma amasonto? Iqiniso ukuthi ayikho incazelo "esemthethweni", ngakho-ke kunzima ukucacisa ukuthi mangaki.
ESpain kuthiwa kungukushisa lapho kubhalwa amazinga okushisa aphakeme ngokweqile (kuthatha isikhathi sika-1971-2000 njengesethenjwa) okungenani ku-10% weziteshi zezulu okungenani izinsuku ezintathu. Kepha empeleni lo mkhawulo ungahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngezwe, ngokwesibonelo:
- En los I-Netherlands Igagasi lokushisa licatshangelwa lapho amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-5 recordedC aqoshwa okungenani izinsuku ezi-25 eDe Bilt, okuwumasipala wesifundazwe sase-Utrecht (Holland).
- En los United States: uma amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-32,2ºC arekhodwa izinsuku ezi-3 noma ngaphezulu.
Lapho kwenzeka?
Isikhathi esiningi zenzeka esikhathini se-canicular, okuvame ukwenzeka ehlobo. I- UCicanula Isikhathi esishisa kakhulu sonyaka, futhi senzeka phakathi kukaJulayi 15 no-Agasti 15. Kungani kuthiwa yizinsuku ezishisa kakhulu?
Sijwayele ukucabanga ukuthi usuku lokuqala lwehlobo (ngoJuni 21 eNyakatho Nenkabazwe noDisemba 21 eSouthern Hemisphere) usuku olushisa kakhulu, kepha lokhu akuhlali kunjalo. Iplanethi enguMhlaba, njengoba sazi, iyazizulela yodwa, kodwa futhi itsheka kancane. Usuku lwe I-Summer Solstice, imisebe yelanga ifinyelela kithi ngqo, kodwa njengoba amanzi nomhlaba kusanda kuqala ukumunca ukushisa, izinga lokushisa lihlala lizinzile kancane.
Noma kunjalo, uku Njengoba ihlobo liqhubeka namanzi olwandle, okuvuselele umkhathi kuze kube manje, futhi umhlabathi uzobe usufudumele ngokwanele ukuqala isikhathi esishisayo kakhulu, okungashuba ngokuya ngokuya ngendawo esihlala kuyo. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ezimweni zezulu zohlobo lweMedithera ngesikhathi samaza okushisa kungaba nokushisa okushisayo ngokweqile.
Yimiphi imiphumela igagasi lokushisa elingaba nalo?
Yize kuyizinto zemvelo futhi asinakho okunye esingakwenza ngaphandle kokuzama ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngangokunokwenzeka, uma singathathi izinyathelo ezidingekayo singathola imiphumela yabo, engeyona embalwa.
Imililo yehlathi
Lapho kuba namandla okushisa ngesikhathi sesomiso, amahlathi asengozini enkulu yokubamba umlilo. Ngo-2003, EPortugal kuphela, umlilo ubhubhise ngaphezu kwe-3.010 km2 yehlathi.
Ukufa
Izingane, asebekhulile nalabo abagulayo yibona abasengozini enkulu yokushisa. Ukuqhubeka nesibonelo sango-2003, kushone abangaphezu kuka-1000 phakathi nesonto, nangaphezu kuka-10.000 XNUMX eFrance.
Ezempilo
Lapho kushisa kakhulu, imizwa yethu ingashintsha kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma singakujwayele. Kepha uma kushisa ngokweqile, uma kungathathwa izinyathelo ezifanele singahlaselwa isifo sohlangothi noma i-hyperthermia. Ikakhulukazi abancane nabadala kunabo bonke, kanye nabagulayo nabakhuluphele kakhulu, yibo abantu abasengozini enkulu kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla
Ngesikhathi esishisa kakhulu isibalo samandla kagesi esisetshenziswayo, hhayi ize, sidinga ukuphola futhi ngenxa yalokhu sixhuma abalandeli kanye / noma sivule umoya opholisayo. Kepha lokhu kungaba yinkinga, njengoba ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwamandla.
Amagagasi okushisa abaluleke kakhulu
Ukushisa okushisa eYurophu, ngo-2003
IChile, i-2017
Phakathi kukaJanuwari 25 no-27, iChile yabhekana nelinye lamaza alo okushisa amabi kakhulu emlandweni. Emadolobheni aseQuillón naseCauquenes, amanani ayesondele kakhulu ku-45ºC, ukubhalisa u-44,9ºC kanye no-44,5ºC ngokulandelana.
I-India, 2015
Ngenyanga kaMeyi, ngesikhathi sokuqala kwenkathi eyomile eNdiya kwakukhona amazinga okushisa adlulele angaphezu kuka-47ºC, okwaholela ekufeni kuka abantu abangaphezu kuka-2.100 XNUMX kuze kube ngumhlaka 31 enyangeni.
IYurophu, 2003
I-wave wave ka-2003 yayingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu baseYurophu. Amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu aqoshwa eningizimu yeYurophu, ngamanani afana no-47,8ºC eDenia (Alicante, Spain), noma 39,8ºC eParis (France).
Ushonile Abantu abangu-14.802 phakathi kuka-Agasti 1 no-15.
ISpain, 1994
Ngesonto eledlule likaJuni nelokuqala likaJulayi, eSpain, ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseMedithera, amazinga okushisa abephezulu kakhulu, njengalawo aseMurcia (47,2ºC), e-Alicante (41,4ºC), e IHuelva (41,4ºC), noma ePalma (Mallorca) 39,4ºC.
Amathiphu wokubhekana nazo ngangokunokwenzeka
Uma kunogagasi lokushisa, kufanele wenze noma yini edingekayo ukuze ubhekane nakho. Nawa amathiphu ambalwa angakusiza:
- Hlala u-hydrate: Ungalindi uze womele amanzi ngaphambi kokuphuza. Ngokushisa okweqile, uketshezi lulahleka ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi umzimba uhlale unamanzi.
- Yidla ukudla okusha: Ngokuthanda kwakho izitsha ezishisayo, ehlobo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngesikhathi sokushisa, kugweme ukuzidla.
- Gqoka isikhumba selangaNoma ngabe uya olwandle noma uhamba ibanga, isikhumba somuntu siyazwela kakhulu futhi singasha kalula elangeni.
- Gwema ukuphuma emini: Ngaleso sikhathi imisebe ifika iqonde kakhulu, ngakho-ke iba nomthelela omkhulu emhlabathini futhi, nasemzimbeni.
- Zivikele elangeniGqoka izingubo ezinombala okhanyayo (umbala okhanyayo ukhanyisa ukukhanya kwelanga), gqoka izibuko zelanga, futhi uhlale emthunzini ukuze ugweme izinkinga.
Amagagasi okushisa yizinto ezingenzeka minyaka yonke. Kubalulekile ukuhlala uvikelekile.