I-Andalusia ihlaselwe yizikhukhula ezimbi ngenxa yemvula enamandla ethathe isikhathi eside kulezi zinsuku. Kungenxa yalokho uHulumeni uvumele ezinye izinguquko emthethweni okuvumela ukuqinisa amandla okusabela ezikhukhuleni. Umthetho obuyekeziwe uklanyelwe ukubhekana nengozi eyandayo yezikhukhula, eye yabhebhetheka imiphumela ye ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukuze uqonde kangcono umthelela wale micimbi, kuyasiza ukwazi Yini isikhukhula?.
Umthetho nezinyathelo ezamukelwayo
Isinqumo samukelwe ukuguqula imithethonqubo ye IHydraulic Public Domain kanye neHydrological Planning. Lezi zinguquko zizocacisa ukusetshenziswa komhlaba ezindaweni ezithandwa kakhulu yizikhukhula, kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabantu nempahla. Ukwengeza, izinguquko emthethweni zivumela ukuqinisa ukuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa kwe "Ukugeleza kwemvelo" futhi lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kumenyezelwe okusha izinqolobane zamanzi. Le ndlela ihambisana nenqubo izinyathelo zokuphepha zengozi yezikhukhula zesikhathi eside.
Lezi zenzo zenziwe ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko esibekwe zona ku Umhlahlandlela Wokuhlaka Kwamanzi kanye Nomhlahlandlela Wokuhlolwa Kobungozi Bezikhukhula. Phakathi kwezenzo ezenziwayo ukuhlonza ukusetshenziswa kanye nemisebenzi esengozini enkulu yezikhukhula. Ngalezi zinguquko, lezi zindawo zizokwazi ukujwayelana kangcono nemiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, njengoba kuzogqugquzelwa ukusetshenziswa komhlaba ngendlela efanele kanye nokuhlelwa okuhle kwamadolobha. Ngalo mqondo, i- izikhukhula e torrevieja ziyisibonelo esicacile sokubaluleka kwalezi zinyathelo.
Inkinga ye izikhukhula eValencia usikhumbuza ngesidingo salo mthetho.
Ukwenyuka kokuqina kanye nokuncipha kokuba sengozini
Lezi zinguquko kuhloswe ukuthi zikhule ukuqina futhi ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukuba sengozini kwalezi zindawo zibe iziqephu zezikhukhula. Mayelana nokugeleza kwemvelo, izinguquko zokulawula zigcina isimo sazo somthetho "njengemikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi kumasistimu okusebenza" futhi zichaza imibandela yokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwazo, ukulawulwa, nokuqapha. Ukubaluleka kokwandisa isibalo se-Hydrological Reserves kulele eqinisweni lokuthi zibaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ingcindezi ekhona ezindaweni ezithile kanye ezingangcolisa amanzi okuphuza. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela izibonelo ze izikhukhula zakamuva ezindaweni ezithile.
Lolu hlobo lwezinhlelo lungasebenza njengesifundo ngemuva inqwaba yomonakalo kanye nokuphuma kwabantu okubonakale ngenxa yezimvula ezinamandla ezifundeni eziningana.
Ukuvikela izikhukhula namasu okuvimbela
Njengoba izikhukhula ziba usongo oluvame kakhulu futhi olunzima, kubalulekile ukuqaliswa amasu okuvikela kanye nokuvimbela. Lezi ezinye zezinyathelo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu:
- Ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda eluhlaza: Ukwakhiwa kwamapaki, izingadi, nezindawo ezingenamanzi kuvumela amanzi emvula amaningi ukuba amunceke, kunciphisa ingozi yezikhukhula ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
- Ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi: Ukutshala kabusha amahlathi eduze kwemifula nemifudlana kusiza ukugcina umhlabathi uzinzile futhi kuvimbele ukudilika kwenhlabathi nezikhukhula.
- Ukusebenzisa amasistimu okukhipha amanzi anele: Izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi eziklanywe kahle nezinakekelwa zibalulekile ekulawuleni amanzi kanye nasekuvimbeleni izikhukhula, okungaqondwa kangcono Izincomo zendlela yokwenza uma kunezimvula.
- Imfundo nokuqwashisa: Ukuqeqesha abantu ukuthi benze kanjani kanye nendlela yokuvimbela izikhukhula kubalulekile ekwehliseni imithelela emibi.
La ukuvimbela izikhukhula Kufanele kubandakanye ukugcinwa njalo kwezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi, imisele yendle nemithombo, kanye nokuhlola amapayipi amanzi kanye nokuxhunywa kwawo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza nokuchichima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukugcina indle namapayipi endle kuhlanzekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwazo ngezikhathi zemvula enkulu. Kulesi simo, i- ukuphathwa kwamanzi idlala indima ebalulekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko emthethweni zihambisana nesidingo sokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yezemvelo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe indawo ezungezile futhi kukhawulwe umthelela wezehlakalo zemvelo ezifana nalezi ezizidalile, ezivame ukwenzeka ezimeni ezifanayo.
Imibandela yokuhlela nokuphathwa kwezikhukhula
Ukwengeza ezilinganisweni zengqalasizinda kanye nemfundo, ukuhlelwa nokulawulwa kwezikhukhula kufanele kufake phakathi lokhu okulandelayo:
- Ukuhlola ingozi: Kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo oluhlola izindawo ezisengozini kakhulu futhi kuhlonzwe ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi, njengokuthi izikhukhula eZaragoza.
- Ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi: Ukubandakanya umphakathi ekuhleleni izindlela zokuvimbela kungakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kwawo futhi kukhuthaze umuzwa wokuba nesibopho sokwabelana. Lokhu kuboniswe ku izikhukhula eSri Lanka.
- Uhlelo lokuphuma: Ukuba nohlelo olucacile lokuphuma olwaziwa yiwo wonke amalungu omphakathi kubalulekile ekunciphiseni izingozi ngesikhathi sezehlakalo zezikhukhula.
- Ukuqapha kanye nesixwayiso kusenesikhathi: Izinhlelo zokuqapha ezixwayisa umphakathi ngezikhukhula ezingase zibe khona zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusabela okusheshayo.
Kulesi simo, imfundo idlala indima ebalulekile. Abantu kufanele bazi ukuthi bazilungiselela kanjani futhi babhekane kanjani nezikhukhula. Kubalulekile ukusho lokho ngokunikeza ulwazi mayelana isiphepho uGaroe, kungasiza ukuqonda kangcono uhlobo lwalezi zinsongo.
Izinyathelo eziqondile zokulwa nezikhukhula
Kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa eziqondile imiphakathi nabantu abangazithatha ukuze balungiselele isiphetho sezikhukhula:
- Ukunakekelwa kwesakhiwo: Kubalulekile ukuvikela indawo yakho ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ifenisha igcinwa iphakeme nokuthi ama-sealant nezinto zokuvikela amanzi ziyasetshenziswa eminyango nasemafasiteleni.
- Ilungiselela ikhithi yezimo eziphuthumayo: Ukuba nekhithi esandleni ehlanganisa amanzi okuphuza, ukudla okungaboliyo, imithi kanye nemibhalo ebalulekile kubalulekile.
- Ukunqanyulwa kwamasevisi: Ngesikhathi sezikhukhula, ukucisha ugesi negesi kungavimbela izingozi ezimbi.
- Ukuhlonza imizila yokuphuma: Ukuba nemizila yokuphuma ecacile nokuyigcina ingenazo izithiyo kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuphuma ngokushesha esimweni esiphuthumayo.
Imiphakathi kufanele izilungiselele futhi ifundiswe ngokuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa yonke into kusukela ekuqeqeshweni kosizo lokuqala kuya ekuhlonzeni izingozi kanye nendlela yokuzinciphisa. Imizamo yokubambisana phakathi kwezakhamizi, iziphathimandla zendawo, nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni zingenza umehluko omkhulu ekulungiseleleni izikhukhula kanye nokusabela. Lokhu kubambisana kubalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe amasu okuvimbela izikhukhula ngempumelelo.
Njengoba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuqhubeka nokuba nomthelela esimweni sezulu kanye namaphethini emvula, ukwamukela indlela eqhubekayo yokulawulwa kwamanzi kubalulekile. Amathrendi asafufusa afaka:
- Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili: Ukusebenzisa ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nezinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi kungathuthukisa ukusabela kwezikhukhula.
- Ingqalasizinda eluhlaza: Ukutshala imali ezixazululweni zemvelo ezibuyisela imvelo kungasebenza njengesivikelo ekulweni nezikhukhula futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yamanzi.
- Ukuphathwa kwamanzi okusimeme: Ukuvunwa nokugcinwa kwamanzi emvula kuyizinqubo ezingasizi nje kuphela ukulwa nezikhukhula kodwa futhi ezikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kahle kwemithombo yamanzi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinqubo zokulawulwa kwamanzi, njengoba kuxoxwe ngenhla, kungabaluleka. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe unyaka we-hydrological, esebenza njengenkomba yokuphatha kahle izinsiza ngezikhathi zemvula.
Lezi zenzo azisizi nje ukunciphisa ingozi yezikhukhula, kodwa futhi zisekela ukongiwa kwemvelo kanye nokusimama kwesikhathi eside, ukuqinisekisa ikusasa eliphephile neliqine kakhudlwana lemiphakathi ethintekile.