El ulwandle lwegalilee Ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba laziwa ngokuthi ulwandle, kodwa kwezinye izifunda laziwa ngokuthi iyichibi. Futhi kungumqondo ohambisana kakhulu nezici njengoba sizobona kulesi sihloko. Laziwa eMpumalanga Eseduze njengeLake Tiberias noma iLake Generaset. Kuyichibi elinamanzi ahlanzekile elisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-209 ngaphansi kwezinga lolwandle futhi linezici ezikhethekile.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana izici zoLwandle LwaseGalile, ukwakheka kanye nemvelaphi yoLwandle LwaseGalile.
Izici eziyinhloko
Eichibi lamanzi angenasawoti amamitha angama-209 ngaphansi kogu lolwandle, esenyakatho-mpumalanga yakwa-Israyeli, enyakatho yeSigodi SaseJordani nasogwini lomuzi waseTiberiya. Umcengezi wawo uhlanganisa izindawo zakwa-Israyeli, iSyria, neLebanon. AmaKrestu akubheka njengesigameko esivela ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene eBhayibhelini, kufaka phakathi uJesu ehamba phezu kwamanzi.
ULwandle LwaseGalile yilona kuphela ichibi lemvelo lamanzi angenasawoti kwa-Israyeli. Indawo ingamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-164-166, ubude ngamakhilomitha angama-20-21, okubanzi kunamakhilomitha ayi-12 kuye kwayi-13 bese kuthi umthamo ube ngamakhilomitha-skwele angu-4. Iphuzu layo elijulile litholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga, amamitha angu-44-48, nokujula okuphakathi kwamamitha angu-25,6-26. Ihlinzekwa yiziphethu ezingaphansi komhlaba futhi, ikakhulukazi, ngasemfuleni iJordani, ongafunda kabanzi ngawo ekhasini lethu mayelana nomfula. Umfula iJordani. Umfula udlula echibini futhi uqhubeke eningizimu cishe amakhilomitha angama-39. Amanye amanzi amancane, njengemifudlana yaseGolan namawadis, akhipha amanzi emagqumeni aseGalile.
Indawo yolwandle imvamisa iyashisa ehlobo futhi ipholile ebusika, ngokushisa okuphakathi kuka-14ºC. Ezinye izindawo ezibalulekile zomlando nezenkolo zigcinwe ezindaweni ezisogwini, njengaseKapernawume eBhayibhelini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhathanisa ne- kungase kuthakazelise, njengoba kokubili kuyizici ezibalulekile endaweni yesifunda.
Ukwakhiwa koLwandle lwaseGalile
Ulwandle lwaseGalile lwakhiwa ngenqubo yamathoni. Isigodi lapho sitholakala khona siwumkhiqizo wokwehlukaniswa kwamapuleti ama-Arab nawase-Afrika kanye nokwandiswa kolwandle. Ukudana okwakheka ekugcineni kwePliocene, futhi kamuva nezidumbu zamachibi kanye nenani elincane lamanzi langena engxenyeni yendawo yalo. Ngakho-ke, uLwandle lwaseGalile noLwandle Olufile yizandiso zeRed Sea Rift Valley.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi uMhlaba waba nesikhathi esimanzi ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi seQuaternary, kwase kuthi uLwandle Olufile, manje oluseningizimu yoLwandle LwaseGalile, lwanwetshwa lwaze lwafinyelela kuwo, kodwa amanzi aqala ukubohla esikhathini esithile esidlule eminyakeni engu-20.000 edlule. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi Ulwandle olufile Iphinde yaba nesikhathi esidlule esithakazelisayo sokwakheka komhlaba.
I-Biodiversidad
Isimo sezulu esimnandi namanzi anele kwakha inhlabathi evundile, evumela ukukhula kwezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Ukutshalwa kwezinsuku, ubhanana, ezisawolintshi nemifino sekuchume amakhulu eminyaka, futhi umhlanga ezindaweni ezisogwini akuvamile. Amanzi akhiwa ama-zooplankton kanye nama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene asemanzini nasemhlabeni (njenge I-Potamon potassium), ama-mollusks (njenge I-Unio terminalis y UFalsipygula Barroisi), ama-microalgae nezinhlanzi (njenge UTristramella simonis, I-Tristramella sacra, I-Acanthobrama terraesanctae, umndeni we-damselfish, i-Silurus, umndeni kanye ne-catfish), amatende kanye nohlobo lwe-tilapia (Tilapiini), eyaziwa ngokuthi i-San Pedro. Ezinye izinhlanzi zihlobene eduze nezinye izinhlanzi ezihlala emachibini ase-Afrika. Lesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini siyisici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe kumongo we imithombo yamanzi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindikimba zamanzi emhlabeni.
Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX, i-European otter (ULutra lutra) kwakuyisilwane esincelisayo esasivakashela amanzi aseGalile.
Izinsongo ezivela oLwandle lwaseGalile
Ukudoba bekuyinto eyisisekelo kwezomnotho oLwandle lwaseGalile kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekwa ukuthi kwakhiwa idolobha lasendulo elihlobene nomlando wobuKristu, ezokuvakasha sezithuthukile. Namuhla, kuyindawo ethandwayo lapho ungachitha khona amaholide akho kwelinye lamabhishi. Vele, imisebenzi yabantu inomthelela empilweni yezinto eziphilayo.
Eminyakeni eyomile, izinga lamanzi lehla kakhulu, okukhathaza izazi zemvelo, ngoba ulwandle luhlinzeka ngamanzi okuphuza kubantu bakwa-Israyeli futhi, njengoba inani labantu likhula, isidingo salo siyanda. Abantu bakhathazekile ngokuthi amanzi azophenduka usawoti ngoba kukhona iziphethu zamanzi anosawoti ngaphansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlobo I-Tristramella sacra akukaze kubonwe kusukela ngawo-1990, ngakho-ke empeleni kubhekwa njengokushabalala. Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokucwaninga ngokuguquguqukayo kwalesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo nendawo yayo izinsongo zangaphandle lokho kungase kukuthinte.
Inani lomlando namasiko
Amavangeli angamaKristu athi uJesu wenza ingxenye yenkonzo yakhe kanye nezimangaliso ezithile ogwini lolwandle olungajulile. Abahlali abangamaJuda basungula i-kibbutz yokuqala eseduze. Kwezinye iziphrofetho zamaSulumane kubonakala sengathi eminye imithombo engaphansi komhlaba igelezela echibini, kepha iningi lamanzi livela eMfuleni iJordani, ogeleza usuka eLebhanoni ngasenyakatho uye kwa-Israyeli naseMfuleni iJordani ngaseningizimu.
ULwandle LwaseGalile (kwesinye isikhathi olubizwa ngeLake Tiberias noma iLake Kinneret) lungaphakathi kweJordani Rift Valley, ukucindezelwa okuncane okwaqala ukwenzeka lapho i-Arabia Plate yahlukana ne-Afrika amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka eyedlule. Izikhukhula eziningi ezinamachibi azungeze ichibi naseningizimu Siphendulwe indawo yokulima, ekhombisa umbala ogqamile oluhlaza.
Sekuyisikhathi eside uLwandle LwaseGalile luyindawo ethandwa kakhulu yizihambeli. Kodwa-ke, emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, isimo saleli chibi siye saba buthakathaka ngokwengeziwe. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, izinga lamanzi lehle kakhulu, lafinyelela cishe ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu emlandweni ngonyaka we-2018. Amanzi amancane enza leli chibi libe nosawoti omningi, okwenza kungasebenzi njengomthombo wamanzi okuphuza. Lezi zinguquko ziphinde zisongele izinhlanzi futhi zikhuthaze ama-algae blooms ezinkinga.
Ukuqonda amazinga wamanzi awayo nokuthola izindlela zokuwagcina ezinzile kuyindaba yocwaningo oluningi endaweni. Izizathu ze ukwehla kufaka ukuntuleka kwemvula, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ezindaweni eziphezulu zaseLebanon, amazinga okushisa aphezulu (okuzokhuphula ukuhwamuka) nokwandiswa kwezindawo zamapulazi nezindawo eziniselwa ngenkasa ezungeze ichibi.