Olunye lolwandle olwaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni futhi olwehlukanisa iMelika neRussia yi ulwandle olubhodlayo. Ibizwa ngokuhlonipha uVitus Jonassen Bering. Imayelana nomhloli wamazwe waseDenmark owahola uhambo oluya endaweni yaseBeringia ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Ulwandle olusenyakatho yePacific Ocean eduze ne-Alaska neRussia. Inezici ezithile ezikhethekile kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukukwazi.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke izici, ukwakheka kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kusukela oLwandle iBering.
Izici eziyinhloko
I-Bering Sea inesibopho sokuyihlukanisa nayo yonke i-Pacific ngenxa yobukhona be-Aleutian Islands kanye ne-Alaska Peninsula. Enye yezingxenye ezaziwa kakhulu kuyo yonke le ndawo yi- Umugqa we-Bering. Inobubanzi bamakhilomitha angama-85 futhi uxhuma oLwandle iChukchi kanye ne-Arctic Ocean. Yonke le ndawo exhuma phakathi kokunye yiBering Strait.
Uma sihlaziya lonke ulwandle ebalazweni, siyabona ukuthi lumboza amakhilomitha-skwele angaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili. Ukuma kwalolu lwandle kunelukuluku lokwazi. Futhi ukuthi inesimo esingunxantathu futhi iqukethe iBering Strait, iBristol Bay, iGulf of Anadyr neNorton Sound. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu lwandle luqukethe ezinye iziqhingi ezibandakanya okulandelayo: iDiomedes, iSan Mateo Island, isiQhingi saseKaráguinski kanye neSledge Island, kanye nemihosha engaphansi kwamanzi engaba ngu-16.
Kulolu lwandle kukhona ukujikeleza kwemisinga yamanzi ethi kuthonywa yimanje yase-Alaska. Ukugeleza okuletha amanzi kuleli bheshi kuvela kulo mfula. Njengoba kunikezwe izici zokuziphatha kolwandle, kuyaziwa ukuthi indawo engaphezulu iyabanda kanti amanzi ajulile afudumele. Amanzi afudumele ayethulwa evela ePacific Ocean. La manzi ahamba ebunzimeni obuningi beziqhingi ngaseningizimu.
Esinye isici lolu lwandle olwaziwa kakhulu ngaso ukuthi ngenxa yendawo yalo kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene, ingxenye esenyakatho ijwayele ukuba yiqhwa ebusika. Ngokuvamile ulwandle olubandayo. Kungabonakala ukuthi ichitha isikhathi esiningi sasebusika yiqhwa, futhi ngesikhathi sasehlobo, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lingafinyelela ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-zero. Naphezu kwalokho umuntu angase akucabange, usawoti walolu lwandle uphansi kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo ezijulile, usawoti omningi ungatholakala. Nokho, njengoba ukujula kuhlukahluka kakhulu, kungashiwo ukuthi ingxenye yolwandle ingaphansi kwamamitha angu-200 ukujula. Kwezinye izingxenye ziyaqoshwa ngaphansi nje kwamamitha ayi-152 kanti kokunye ifinyelela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-3.600.
Indawo ejulile yoLwandle iBering itholakala eBowers Basin cishe ngamamitha angu-4.067 ukujula.
Ukwakhiwa koLwandle iBering
Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi, ekwakhiweni koLwandle iBering, iminyaka yoLwandlekazi iPacific kufanele ilinganiswe, ngoba ithonywe kakhulu yiyo. Iminyaka elinganiselwa eminyakeni eyi-750 yezigidi. Lapho i-Rodinia, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-supercontinent, iqala ukwakha eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.000 edlule, yonke le ndawo yayibhekene nenqubo yokuhlukaniswa. Njengoba amazwe ehlukana, iPacific Ocean yavuleka futhi yabangela uLwandle iBering.
Lolu lwandle luhlukana nalo lonke ulwandle phakathi nolwandle Isikhathi se-Eocene. Ingxenye eyinhloko ebhekele ukuhlukanisa lonke ulwandle ukwakheka kwe-arc yeziQhingi ze-Aleutian. IBering Sea yakhiwa ishelufu elibanzi lamazwekazi elizungezwe uchungechunge lwe-Aleutian Islands neBering Strait. Le nkundla iqhamuke ngenxa yokushayisana kwamapulatifomu esikhathini sokuqala seCretaceous phakathi empumalanga yeSiberia neNorth Slope Block. INorth Slope Block iyindawo esenyakatho ye-Alaska.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zoLwandle iBering
Njengoba sishilo phambilini, ulwandle olunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo. Catshangelwa isikhathi eside njengohlelo lwezinto zasolwandle ngokubaluleka okukhulu. Zonke izindawo ze-arctic ezikhona phakathi kweRussia, i-Alaska neCanada ziyahlomula ngokuba khona kwale nhlobonhlobo yezinto eziphilayo. Futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emanzini alo ungathola inqwaba yezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, izinhlanzi, izinhlanzi ezinwabuzelayo, ama-crustaceans nezinye izilwane ezinosayizi omncane kakhulu.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-160 zama-algae ezintantayo ezinemvelo yazo oLwandle iBering. Isibonelo, sithola ulwelwe olukhulu olukhulu olunsundu olukwaziyo ukwakha amahlathi aluhlaza kwezinye izindawo ezinamanzi. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezivame kakhulu oLwandle iBering yilezi ezilandelayo:
- UWalrus
- Umkhomo
- Whale Boreal
- INorth Pacific Right Whale
- ISteller's Sea Lion
- Ukudla kwasolwandle
- Kuwo wonke
- Salimoni
- i-herring
- Ikhodi yasePacific
- Inkalankala ebomvu ebomvu
- AmaHedgehogs
- Izinkanyezi zasolwandle
Futhi uhlu luyaqhubeka. Kukhona inani elicishe libe ngama-420 wezinhlanzi ezisize ekwandeni kokudoba kanye nebhizinisi nalo. Kodwa-ke, kunemithelela kanye nezinsongo ezithinta uLwandle iBering.
Izinsongo
Khumbula ukuthi umthelela womuntu ubangela izinkinga eBering Sea. Futhi ukuthi yindawo esengozini kakhulu emiphumeleni emibi yokushisa komhlaba. Ukuba yindawo eseduze ne-Arctic Ocean kuthinteka ukukhuphuka kwamazinga wamanzi ngenxa yokuncibilika kwezingqimba zeqhwa ezisemazweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi, njengoba lolu kuwulwandle olukhiqiza kakhulu ukudoba, luhlushwa ukuxhashazwa, okuye kwaholela ezinkingeni eziningi zezilwane. Isibonelo, indawo esentshonalanga isesimweni sokudoba ngokweqile kanye ukudoba ngokungemthetho.
Izingxenye zoLwandle iBering zingcoliswe ngenqwaba yemfucumfucu engokwemvelo nezinto ezinobuthi. Inkinga ngalezi zinto ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuziqeda. Emzimbeni wezilwane eziningi zasolwandle kuye kwatholakala ama-biphenyls ane-polychlorinated okuyizinto ezingcolisa umoya eziphikelelayo, iminonjana ye-mercury, lead, selenium ne-cadmium. Sibona futhi eminye imithelela evela ezimotweni zasolwandle eziphazamisa impilo yasolwandle kanye nengozi enkulu yokuchitheka kukawoyela.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngoLwandle iBering.