Ingxenye esenyakatho yoLwandle i-East China yaziwa njenge ulwandle oluphuzi. Ulwandle olukhulu olwathatha indawo engaba ngu-417 km². Itholakala phakathi kwezwe laseChina neNhlonhlo YaseKorea. Igama livela ezinhlayiyeni zesihlabathi ezinikeza amanzi umbala ofana kakhulu nophuzi. Umfula ophuzi, owaziwa nangokuthi i-Huang He, onesibopho sokuphakela lolu lwandle futhi ulunikeze lo mbala. Yaziwa futhi endaweni eSouth Korea ngokuthi iWest Sea.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, ukwakheka kanye nemvelaphi yoLwandle Oluphuzi nomfula walo.
Izici eziyinhloko
I-Yellow Sea iwulwandle olungajulile olunayo kuphela ukujula okuphezulu kwamamitha ayi-105. Inetheku elikhulu elakha ulwandle futhi libizwa ngokuthi uLwandle iBohai. Leli theku yilapho umfula ophuzi ugelezela khona. Lo mfula wawugelezela emfuleni ngemva kokuwela iSifundazwe saseShandong nenhloko-dolobha yaso, iJinan, kanye noMfula i-Hai owela iBeijing neTianjin. Iqiniso lokuthi uLwandle Oluphuzi alujulile luthinta izimo zemvelo futhi lungaholela ekushintsheni kombala walo, isenzakalo esingabonakala kwezinye izilwandle, futhi ungafunda kabanzi ngalokhu esihlokweni esithi. ukushintsha kombala wolwandle.
Igama lolu lwandle aluveli emfuleni, kepha luvela enanini lezinhlayiya zesihlabathi se-quartz elihamba nalo ukuya emanzini futhi lilunike lo mbala othile. Lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi sibe negama loLwandle Oluphuzi. Ulwandle olucebe kakhulu ulwelwe lwasolwandle, ama-cephalopods nama-crustaceans. Ngokuyinhloko singathola izinhlobo ze-algae ezivela eqenjini eliluhlaza-luhlaza ezibonakala ikakhulukazi ehlobo futhi zinomthelela embala wamanzi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukujula akujulile, umbala we-algae unquma umbala wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zasolwandle zithonywa yi- izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zolwandle ezimhaqayo.
Uwoyela oLwandle Oluphuzi
Ngo-2007 kwaba nokutholwa yiChina Oil and Gas Corporation, i-CNPC. Futhi ngukuthi insimu kawoyela ebaluleke kakhulu engamathani acishe ibe isigidigidi yatholakala. Lokhu kutholakala kutholakala kokubili ogwini nasethalafini yezwekazi loLwandle Oluphuzi. Itholakala esifundazweni saseHebei futhi inendawo ifinyelela kumakhilomitha-skwele angu-1570. Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zalo lonke leli nani lamafutha zisendaweni yesikhulumi sogu lolwandle.
Inani lezilwane nezitshalo liyakhula njengoba siqhubekela phambili singena eningizimu olwandle, lapho siphinde sithole nenani elikhulu lezinhlanzi. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, iNorth Korea ibilokhu yenza izivivinyo ezihlukahlukene zezikhali zenuzi ngasogwini loLwandle Oluphuzi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, liye lagunyazwa yi-UN, nakuba leli zwe lamaKhomanisi libonakala lingenandaba. Lo mongo we-geopolitical endaweni ungathonya umnotho wesifunda kanye nokumbiwa kwezinsiza ezifana nowoyela, isihloko ongasihlola ngokuqhubekayo ngokubonisana okwengeziwe mayelana . Ungahlola futhi ukuthi lezi zimo zingathinta kanjani isimo sezulu kwezinye izindawo, njengoba kushiwo esihlokweni esithi Isiphepho Nuria.
Umthelela omkhulu woLwandle Oluphuzi
Siyazi ukuthi lolu lwandle luphakelwa nguMfula Ophuzi. Kungamanzi amaningi amade ahlanzekile avame ukubhekwa njengesisekelo sempucuko yaseChina. Ungumfula wesibili omude kunayo yonke iChina, ube ngumfula wesithathu omude kunayo yonke e-Asia nowesithupha ubude kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Kuyaziwa ngaleli gama ngobuningi bezidumbu obuzihambise oLwandle Oluphuzi futhi ulunika lo mbala.
Ixhuma eziNtabeni ze-Bayan Har enhliziyweni ye-Tibetan Plateau ekuphakameni okungafika kumamitha angu-4.800. Igeleza ngendlela engavamile iya empumalanga idlule ezifundazweni zase-China ezingaba ngu-9 ize iyongena oLwandle Oluphuzi. Kule ndawo ikhiqiza i-delta enosayizi omkhulu okwenza yaziwe kakhulu futhi iyisibonelo sendlela imifula ekwazi ukulolonga ngayo i-geography kanye ne-ecosystem, isihloko esishiwo esihlokweni esimayelana imiphumela yezimvula ezinkulu.
Ubude bomfula bungamakhilomitha angama-5,464, kanti umcengezi wawo we-hydrographic uhlanganisa indawo ecishe ibe yi-750,000-752,000 km2. Imvamisa ithululela ukugeleza olwandle okungamakhilomitha-skwele angama-2.571 XNUMX ngomzuzwana. Lunjalo umcengezi wawo wokuhambisa amanzi, okuyisithathu ngobukhulu eChina. Imifula emifushane eminingana inikela ngamanzi kulo mfula ngokuqhubekayo. Uma sihlaziya sonke isifundo, siyabona ukuthi sinezingxenye ezi-3: inkambo ephezulu, inkambo emaphakathi nenkambo ephansi.
Ingxenye yokuqala yenkambo yayo iqala ezintabeni kuya eTogtoh County, ngamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-3,400 XNUMX. Kulapha lapho ithambeka lalo lithe cwaka nalapho ukuzalwa kwalo kuqala khona. Isifundo esiphakathi sisuka esifundeni siye eZhengzhou esifundazweni saseHenan. Kukulesi sigaba lapho i-current ithatha ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90 wenzika. Ama-sediment izinsalela zesihlabathi nedwala ezihanjiswa futhi zihanjiswe zombili ngokulungiswa nangokugudluzwa nangokuqedwa. Ekugcineni, inkambo engezansi iqala eZhengzhou iphelele olwandle. Kakade kule ngxenye yolwandle lapho kulayishwa khona inani elikhulu kakhulu lentela.
Ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo
Umfula uthola umbala ophuzi ophuzi njengoba ugeleza uhambisana namathani ezinhlayiya eziqinile ezinalo mbala. Ingxenye yenhlabathi yethafa laseTibetan lapho umfula uqala ukukhuphuka khona esengozini enkulu yokuguguleka ngenxa yesenzo somoya futhi yonke inhlabathi enhle iyagezwa emfuleni. Uma umfula ugcwele izinhlayiya zalo mbala, ziyathuthwa futhi zibe sedimentary, zigcine oLwandle Oluphuzi. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi isimo sezulu singakuthinta kanjani ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nenhlabathi, ungabheka isihloko esithi ilukuluku Mars.
Umfula ongacebile kakhulu ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ngakho nolwandle alucebile kakhulu. Ulwandle, njengoba lungashoni kangako, alukwazi ukusingatha inani elikhulu lezitshalo nezilwane. Ezinye zezilwane ezaziwa kakhulu yi-Yangtze spoonbill nezinye izinhlobo ze-carp. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi sezizonke zingatholakala ezizungeze 150 izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kodwa inani lincane kakhulu namuhla. Ziningi izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezifana nezingwe kanye nezinyamazane zesika ezitholakala kulo mgodi.
Phakathi kwezinyoni ezaziwa kakhulu sine- great bustard, i-merganser yaseShayina kanye nokhozi lwasolwandle olunomsila omhlophe. Umfula usetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi ngamanzi futhi wenze yonke le ndawo yachuma. Kungokufanayo nangezilwane zasemanzini kanye nokuzalaniswa kwezinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zasolwandle. Ingenye yemisebenzi yezomnotho ebaluleke kakhulu, ngaphezu kokumbiwa kukawoyela, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kwezomnotho koLwandle Oluphuzi kanye nokuhlobana kwalo nomnotho walesi sifunda. Ukuze uhlole kabanzi mayelana nombala wamanzi, ungafunda ngawo lapha. umbala wolwandle.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngoLwandle Oluphuzi nezimpawu zalo.